人教版英语八年级上册第一单元知识点总结.doc

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肀蒇衿羀荿蒇蕿膆芅薆蚁罿膁薅螄膄肇薄袆羇蒆薃蚆螀莂薂螈肅芈薁袀袈膄薁薀肄肀薀蚂袆莈虿螅肂芄蚈袇袅膀蚇薇肀膆蚆蝿袃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚅羄羁芇蚄蚃膇膃芀螅羀聿荿袈膅莇莈薇羈芃莈蚀膃艿莇袂羆膅莆羄衿蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆袇芆莃衿肃膂蒃薈袆肈蒂蚁肁莆蒁螃袄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膈肀蒇衿羀荿蒇蕿膆芅薆蚁罿膁薅螄膄肇薄袆羇蒆薃蚆螀莂薂螈肅芈薁袀袈膄薁薀肄肀薀蚂袆莈虿螅肂芄蚈袇袅膀蚇薇肀膆蚆蝿袃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚅羄羁芇蚄蚃膇膃芀螅羀聿荿袈膅莇莈薇羈芃莈蚀膃艿莇袂羆膅莆羄衿蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆袇芆莃衿肃膂蒃薈袆肈蒂蚁肁莆蒁螃袄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膈肀蒇衿羀荿蒇蕿膆芅薆蚁罿膁薅螄膄肇薄袆羇蒆薃蚆螀莂薂螈肅芈薁袀袈膄薁薀肄肀薀蚂袆莈虿螅肂芄蚈袇袅膀蚇薇肀膆蚆蝿袃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚅羄羁芇蚄蚃膇膃芀螅羀聿荿袈膅莇莈薇羈芃莈蚀膃艿莇袂羆膅莆羄衿蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆袇芆莃衿肃膂蒃薈袆肈蒂蚁肁莆蒁螃袄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膈肀蒇衿羀荿蒇蕿膆芅薆蚁罿膁薅螄膄肇薄袆羇蒆薃蚆螀莂薂螈肅芈薁袀袈膄薁薀肄肀薀蚂袆莈虿螅肂芄蚈袇袅膀蚇薇肀膆蚆蝿袃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚅羄羁芇蚄蚃膇膃芀螅羀聿荿袈膅莇莈薇羈芃莈蚀膃艿莇袂羆膅莆羄衿蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆袇芆莃衿肃膂蒃薈袆肈蒂蚁肁莆蒁螃袄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膈肀蒇衿羀荿蒇蕿膆芅薆蚁罿膁薅螄膄肇薄袆羇蒆薃蚆螀莂薂螈肅芈薁袀袈膄薁薀肄肀薀蚂袆莈虿螅肂芄蚈袇袅膀蚇薇肀膆蚆蝿袃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚅羄羁芇蚄蚃膇膃芀螅羀聿荿袈膅莇莈薇羈芃莈蚀膃艿莇袂羆膅莆羄衿蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆袇芆莃衿肃膂蒃薈袆肈蒂蚁肁莆蒁螃袄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膈肀蒇衿羀荿蒇蕿膆芅薆蚁罿膁薅螄膄肇薄袆羇蒆薃蚆螀莂薂螈肅芈薁袀袈膄薁薀肄肀薀蚂袆莈虿螅肂芄蚈袇袅膀蚇薇肀膆蚆蝿袃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚅羄羁芇蚄蚃膇膃芀螅羀聿荿袈膅莇莈薇羈芃莈蚀膃艿莇袂羆膅莆羄衿蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆袇芆莃衿肃膂蒃薈袆肈蒂蚁肁莆蒁螃袄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膈肀蒇衿羀荿蒇蕿膆芅薆蚁罿膁薅螄膄肇薄袆羇蒆薃蚆螀莂薂螈肅芈薁袀袈膄薁薀肄肀薀蚂袆莈虿螅肂芄蚈袇袅膀蚇薇肀膆蚆蝿袃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚅羄羁芇蚄蚃膇膃芀螅羀聿荿袈膅莇莈薇羈芃莈蚀膃艿莇袂羆膅莆羄衿蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆袇芆莃衿肃膂蒃薈袆肈蒂蚁肁莆蒁螃袄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膈肀蒇衿羀荿蒇蕿膆芅薆蚁罿膁薅螄膄肇薄袆羇蒆薃蚆螀莂薂螈肅芈薁袀袈膄薁薀肄肀薀蚂袆莈虿螅肂芄蚈袇袅膀蚇薇肀膆蚆蝿袃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚅羄羁芇蚄蚃膇膃芀螅羀聿荿袈膅莇莈薇羈芃莈蚀膃艿莇袂羆膅莆羄衿蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆袇芆莃衿肃膂蒃薈袆肈蒂蚁肁莆蒁螃袄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膈肀蒇衿羀荿蒇蕿膆芅薆蚁罿膁薅螄膄肇薄袆羇蒆薃蚆螀莂薂螈肅芈薁袀袈膄薁薀肄肀薀蚂袆莈虿螅肂芄蚈袇袅膀蚇薇肀膆蚆蝿袃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚅羄羁芇蚄蚃膇膃芀螅羀聿荿袈膅莇莈薇羈芃莈蚀膃艿莇袂羆膅莆羄衿蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆袇芆莃衿肃膂蒃薈袆肈蒂蚁肁莆蒁螃袄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膈肀蒇衿羀荿蒇蕿膆芅薆蚁罿膁薅螄膄肇薄袆羇蒆薃蚆螀莂薂螈肅芈薁袀袈膄薁薀肄肀薀蚂袆莈虿螅肂芄蚈袇袅膀蚇薇肀膆蚆蝿袃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚅羄羁芇蚄蚃膇膃芀螅羀聿荿袈膅莇莈薇羈芃莈蚀膃艿莇袂羆膅莆羄衿蒄莅蚄肄莀莄螆袇芆莃衿肃膂蒃薈袆肈蒂蚁肁莆蒁螃袄莂蒀羅腿芈葿蚅羂膄蒈螇膈肀蒇衿羀荿蒇蕿膆芅薆蚁罿膁薅螄膄肇薄袆羇蒆薃蚆螀莂薂螈肅芈薁袀袈膄薁薀肄肀薀蚂袆莈虿螅肂芄蚈袇袅膀蚇薇肀膆蚆蝿袃蒅蚅袁膈莁蚅羄羁芇蚄蚃膇膃 unit1 how often do you exercise?重难点讲解及练习1. how often do you shop? 疑问词how的用法(1) 怎样，用什么手段，方法/交通工具how are you? / how is she?how did he do it? / i dont know how to swim.how do you come to school?(2) 情况如何（指身体健康状况） how are you?(3) how many，how much表示“多少”how many后接可数名词复数，how much接不可数名词。how many times do you go to the park?how many pens do you want?how much water do we drink every day?how much are those pants?(4) how often是对动作发生的“次数”提问,询问的是频率“多久一次”回答可以是：every day. / once a week. / three times a week. / often. / .how often do you play tennis?how often do you surf the internet.(5) how old.? 询问年龄 how old are you? i am five.(6) how about? 如何？ 怎么样？ how about going to the movies?练习：选择how, how many, how much, how old, how about, how often填空。(1). _ is your mother? shes fine, thanks.(2). _ do you watch tv?(3). _ apples do you have? three.(4). _ are these pants? theyre two dollars.(5). im free this afternoon. _ going for a walk?2. some students do homework three or four times a week.time表示不可数名词，意为“时间”。表示可数名词，意为“次数，倍数”what time is it?i go to the movies three times a week.注意“次数”的表达方法一次 once， 两次 twice，三次或三次以上用基数词加上times：three times、five times、one hundred times. 表示“几次”的表达方法是：once a day/ a week/ a month/ a yeartwice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year练习：选择填空(1). _ is it? its three oclock.a. what b. how c. what time d. why(2). how often do you go shopping? three _ a week.a. time b. times c. twice d. a lot3. how often do you shop?/how often do you exercise?exercise v/n shop v/ nhe often exercises on weekends.we often do / take exercise on weekends.1we often shop on weekends.there are many shops in the neighborhood.练习：用所给单词的适当形式填空。(1). do you do moring _ (exercise) every day?(2). he needs _(exercise) more.(3). how about go _ (shop) with me?(4). look! there is a clothes _ (shop) there.4. as for homework, most students do homework every day.as for意为“就而论”，“至于”as for fruit，i eat it sometimes.as for him，i never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。练习：根据汉语提示填写单词。(1). _(至于，关于) clothes, she likes clothes in fashion.5. my mother wants me to drink it.want to do sth. 想要做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？i want you to help me with my math.我想要你帮我学数学。有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语：ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事练习：单选(1). his mother wants him _ at home today.a. stays b. stayed c. to stay d. staying6. she says its good for my health .be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”其反义为：be bad for. 对有害/无益its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。drinking milk is good for your health.喝牛奶对你的健康有益。reading english is good for studying english.对英语对学习英语有益/有帮助。 reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。练习：单选(1).(2011乌鲁木齐) 1 think drinking milk is good _ our health.afor b. to c. with d. at7. usually when i come home from schoolwhen + 从句 当时候i often stay at home when it is rainy.练习：完成句子。(1). 下雪的时候你经常做什么？_ do you usually do _ it is snowing?28. i try to eat a lot of vegetables. try to do sth. 尽量/尽力做某事ill try to learn english well. 我会尽量尝试学好英语的。you must try to take more exercise. 你必须尽量多做运动。练习：单选(1). he must _ his sister with her math.a. try help b. trying to help c. trys to help d. try to help9. i look after my health. look after 照顾my brother is ill. i have to look after him today.我的弟弟病了。我今天不得不照顾他。 all the students must look after the desks and chairs. 所有的学生必须照看好课桌椅。 he often helps his mother look after his little sister.他经常帮助他的妈妈照顾他的小弟弟。 练习：单选(1). (2011广西) grandma is ill. i have to _ her at home.a. look for b. look up c. look at d. look after10. my healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.good food and exercise help me to study better.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事she often helps me learn math. 她经常帮助我学数学。练习：同义句转换。(1). he often helps me with my homework.he often _ me _ _ my homework.11. is her lifestyle yours or different?is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle ? 她的生活方式和你的一样或是不同？be the same as / be different from 与一样/与不同she looks the same as her sister. 她看起来跟她的妹妹很像。this book is different from that one. 这本书跟那本书不一样。练习：单选(1). is her lifestyle the same _ yours or different?a. as b. in c. at d. to12. i think im unhealthy. 我想我有点不健康。kind of = a little a kind of 一种练习：单选(1). how many _ medicine are used for the children of six years old?a. kind of b. kinds of c. kind d. kinds13. so maybe im not very healthy.maybe (adv.) = perhaps 也许，可能 maybe he knows the answer.maybe theyll go skateboarding. he may know the answer.练习：单词拼写(1). where is tom? _(或许) he is in the library.14. so maybe im not very healthy, although i have one healthy habit.although = though 虽然 although hes ill, he goes to school on time.虽然他生病了，但他还是准时上学。she eats a lot of chocolate, although she is very fat. 虽然她很胖，但她却吃许多的巧克力。 练习：单选3(1).(2011 湖南)_nanyue is a small town, we can see many tourists who come from different parts of the world there.a. because b. unless c. although(2).(2011广州) _they are very tired, they feel happy because theyve finally finished their project.a. so b. although c. if d. but(3).(2011海南)_ the work is difficult, all the workers are keeping on working .a. but b. although c. and d. so15. a lot of vegetables help you toa lot of = lots of = many / much 许多keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthykeep + 形容词 表保持某种状态keep quiet! the baby is sleeping.那婴儿正在睡觉，保持安静！we must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持我们的教室干净。练习：用单词的正确形式填空。(1). you must keep _ (quiet).(2). we should eat more fruit to keep _(health).16. he sometimes watches tv.注意sometimes与几个形似的词的区别。(1) sometime是副词，意为“在某个时候”，“某时”will you come again sometime next week?下周的某个时候你会再来吗？she was there sometime last year.她去年某时去过那。(2) some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用i will stay here for some time.我将在这呆一段时间。he worked for that company for some time.他为那家电脑公司工作了一阵子。(3) some times是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”i met him some times in the street last month.上个月我在街上遇到他好几次了。the factory is some times larger than that one.这间工厂比那间大好几倍。（4）sometimes 是频度副词，意为“有时”he sometimes goes skateboarding on weekends.他有时周末去滑滑板。练习：用sometime,sometimes,some time,some times填空。(1).i saw him _ last summer.(2).he _ writes to me and i _ call him.(3).i havebeen to hainan _.(4).my father will stay in beijing for _.17. that sounds interesting.sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象）grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。it tastes good. 这味道好。the music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。练习：单选（1）his voice ( )a girls.a.look like b.sound like c.sounds like d.sounds 4 八上unit 1练习【沙场秋点兵夯实基础】i. 根据句意及首字母提示补全所缺单词。1. nowadays, children often surf the i _ on weekends.2. my favorite tv p_is animal world. its very interesting.3. our eating h_are good, so i am in good health.4. the r_of the exam is coming out. i cant wait to know it.5. if you want to keep healthy, youd better do e_ _ every day.6. tom h_ever runs every morning because he is lazy.7. there are many d_between the pictures.8. she is kind of u_because she never eats vegetables.9. i usually do my homework before supper, but s_ _ i do it after supper.10. in summer i often go s_ with my friend. the water is very coolii. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. exercising every day is good for your _ ( health ).2. he likes fishing. he goes fishing _ ( two )a week.3. i dont like milk, but my mother wants me _ ( drink ) it every morning.4. in our school most _ ( student ) get to school by bike.5. tony never exercises. so i think he is kind of _ ( health ).6. i eat more vegetables and less meat. i think my _ ( eat ) habits are pretty good.7. she enjoys _ ( surf ) internet on weekends.8. how often do you go _ ( skateboard ) with your friends?9. look! here _ ( be ) some money for you.10. how many _ ( people ) are there in your family?11. a lot of vegetables can help you keep _ ( health ).12. i am not sure. he may _ ( be ) a reporter.13. i think my healthy lifestyle helps me _ ( get ) good grades.14. mike with his friends _ ( exercise ) every day.15. this dictionary is _ ( difference ) from that one.iii. 根据汉语提示，完成句子，词数不限。1.the old man _(锻炼)every morning.2.i often _ (购物).on weekends.3. we must _(保持 )our classroom clean.4. there are some _(不同) between the two pictures.5.he _ (几乎不)goes to restaurant for dinner.6.katrina doesnt often _ (喝)coffee,she likes green tea.7. my eating _(习惯) are not very good.8.everyone must _(设法) to work hard.9. children like drinking _ (牛奶).10. what would you like, _ (咖啡)or cola?iv. 连词成句1. what, usually, you do, on, do weekends?5_?2. how often, your brother, does, exercise?_?3. i, nine , hours, sleep, every , night._.4. betty, milk, drinks, every, morning._.5. some, students, once, watch, tv, a, week._.v. 按要求改写句子，每空一词。1.my uncle exercises every morning.就划线提问）_ _ _ your uncle exercise?2.we have a chinese lesson on monday, wednesday, thursday and friday.（同义句） we have chinese lessons_ _ a week.3.mary often has a cup of tea after dinner.（否定句）mary_ has a cup of tea after dinner.4.there is a watch in the box.（改为复数形式）there_ _ _ in the _.5. hu wen usually eats fruit and vegetables for breakfast. (就划线部分提问)_ _ _ hu wen _ fruit and vegetables for breakfast?6. daniel plays basketball for about 30 minutes every day.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答) -_ daniel _ basketball for about 30 minutes every day?-_, he _.7. after school they usually do sports activities. (改为否定句)after school they _ _ _sports activities.8. that is a glass on the table. (改为复数句)_ _ _ on the table.9. of all the fruits kitty likes oranges best. (同义句)oranges are kittys _ _. 就划线部分提问)_ _ _ daniel _ every morning?vi.单项选择do you shop? -i shop every week.a. how many b. how muchc. how often d. how far2. they eat many but little a. vegetable; meat b. vegetables; meatsc. vegetable; meats d. vegetables; meat3. li lei works in england. he comes to china_.a. three time a year b. three times a yearc. three times year d. three time year4. -english is difficult for me. i cant learn it well.-dont give up. nothing is difficult if you work hard.a. seldom b. never c. always d. hardly ever65. we should