广东农业概况.doc

广东农业概况GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE AGRICULTURE OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE广东省农业厅 外事外经处Division of Foreign Affairs and EconomyAgriculture Department of Guangdong Province目录CATALOGUEl 前言PREFACE-l 广东概况GUANGDONG SURVEY-1. 自然地理NATURE AND GEOGRAPHY-2. 资源RESOURCE-3. 人口与生活水平POPULATION AND STANDARD OF LIVING-l 广东农业经济发展情况介绍BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF GUANGDONG-综述 GENERAL STATEMENT粮食 GRAIN-经济园艺作物CASH CROPS AND HORTICULTURE-畜牧业ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-农业机械化AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION-l 广东农业成为外商竞相投资的热点THE HOT SPOT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT-AGRICULTURE IN GUANGDONG-农业利用外资水平不断提高CONTINUALLY ENHANCED UTILIZATION RATIO OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT -广东鼓励外商投资农业的领域FIELDS ENCOURAGED FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENT-l 广东农产品畅销世界THE FARM PRODUCTS OF GUANGDONG ARE WELCOME THROUGHOUT THE WORLD -前 言 Preface 广东是中国南部最大的省份，濒临南海毗领港澳、交通便利、华侨众多、地理位置优势明显，因此,广东成为中国对外开放政策的最早实践者，经济和社会发展的各个方面在全国“先行一步”，为广大外商拓展了极大的投资和贸易机会。二十多年来，中国成为世界上经济增长速度最快的国家之一，而广东又排在全国的前列。2002年广东实现国内生产总值达11770亿元，进出口贸易总额2211亿美元，其中出口总额1185亿美元，实际利用外资达166亿美元；实现农业总产值1781亿元，农产品进出口总额52亿美元，其中出口27亿美元，进口25亿美元，实际利用外资总额11022万美元。广东正是凭借这种有相当竞争力的投资环境以及优越的地理位置，丰富的农业资源、庞大的市场容量等，与世界180多个国家和地区确立了紧密的经济伙伴关系，世界跨国公司500强有400多家在广东投资；广东经济正快速纳入国际分工和国际交换的世界经济体系，国际经济的通行规则在广东普遍适用。 积极合理有效地利用外资，加强农业的对外经济技术交流和合作，是广东发展农业经济的重要途径，随着经济全球化进程的加速发展以及中国加入世界贸易组织，广东仍将采取更加务实的态度、鼓励外商投资农业综合开发及食品加工业，进一步加强与国外的农业经济交流与合作。我们希望这本小册子能帮助你了解广东农业发展情况Being the biggest province in south China, Guangdong is adjacent to Hongkong and Macao special administrative regions, and borders the South China Sea. Since the province has its own unique geographical and human advantages of having convenient transportation and being the native land of a large number of overseas Chinese, Guangdong has taken the “first step” in China to carry out the reform and opening-up policy and made great achievements in economic and social development which have provided foreign investors with a great opportunity of investment and trade.Over the past twenty-odd years, China has been one of countries with highest economic growth rate in the world, and Guangdong has led the headway throughout the country. In 2002, the Guangdongs GDP reached 117.7 billion RMB Yuan and the gross value of import and export was US221.1 billion, of which the gross value of export was US$ 118.5 billion and the foreign investment in actual use reached US$ 16.6 billion in 2002. The gross output value of Guangdong agriculture added up to 178 billion RMB Yuan, the gross value of imported and exported agricultural products of US$ 5.2 billion, among which export of US$ 2.7 billion and import of US$ 2.5 billion and the actual use of foreign investment amounted to US$ 110.2 million. Guangdong has established close economic and trade partnership relations with over 180 countries and regions in the world by relying on its competitive investment environment, advantageous geographical location , abundant agricultural resources and huge market capacity. At present, there have been over 400 transnational corporations of the 500 listed by the magazine fortune investing in Guangdong. Thus, Guangdongs economy has been progressively integrated into the world economic system through participating in international division of labor and international exchange, and the internationally accepted economic rules are commonly adaptable in Guangdong.It is an important way of Guangdongs development of agricultural economy to make active, reasonable and effective use of foreign capital and strengthen foreign economic exchange and cooperation in agriculture. Along with the accelerated growth of economic globalization and Chinas entering into WTO, Guangdong will take a more pragmatic attitude to encourage foreign businessmen to invest in agricultural comprehensive development and food processing industry and further strengthen the agricultural economic exchange and cooperation with foreign countries.We hope this brochure will give you a clear picture on Guangdongs agricultural development.一、广东概况 Guangdong Survey1、自然地理 1. Nature and Geographyl 位置、范围和面积 Location, Range and Area 广东位于中国大陆最南部，北纬2013253l和东经1094511719之间东邻福建、北接江西、湖南，西与广西接壤。南临南海，并在珠江口东西两侧分别与香港和澳门特别行政区接壤，西南端隔琼州海峡与海南相望。广东陆地总面积17.98万平方公里，约占全国陆地总面积的1.87%；其中岛屿面积1209.59平方千米。广东山地、丘陵、台地、平原兼有，以山地、丘陵为主，平原有珠江三角洲平原和潮汕平原，较大河流有中国第三大河珠江以及东江、西江、北江、韩江、鉴江等。Being located at latitude 2013to 2531north and longitude 10945to 11720east, Guangdong borders the South China Sea in the south and is adjacent to Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region to the west, Fujian province to the east, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces to the north, with Hainan province to the other side of the Qiongzhou straits and it also borders Hong Kong and Macao respectively on eastern and western sides of Pearl River estuary. The land area of Guangdong province totals 179 thousand square km, accounting for 1.87% of the total land area of China, among which the island area reaches 1209.59 square km. The land area comprises mountainous areas, hill lands and flat lands, among which mountainous areas and hill lands take the dominant place. The Pearl River Delta Plain and Chaoshan Plain are the two biggest flat lands within the province. The Pearl River is the third longest river in China and other main rivers include Dongjiang River, Xijiang River, Beijjiang River, Hanjiang River and Jianjiang River.l 气候和水文 Climate and Hydrology广东属东亚季风区，从北向南分别为中亚热带、南亚热带和热带气候，是全国光、热、水资源最为丰富的地区，年平均气温22.3度,年平均日照数在1750小时左右；广东降水充沛，年平均降水量为13001600毫米之间。汛期(49月)降水量占全年80%以上，充沛的雨量使广东大地四季常青，生机盎然。广东地区光热条件适宜香蕉、荔枝、龙眼、菠萝、甘蔗、橡胶、剑麻等喜温经济作物的生产，也使其成为国内冬季重要的北运菜生产基地。Being located in the East Asian monsoon zone, Guangdong enjoys Mid-Asia tropical, South-Asia tropical and tropical climate ranging from the north to the south. Guangdong boasts of the richest province in China in terms of sunshine, heat and water resources. Its average annual temperature is 22.3 and its average yearly sunshine time is about 1,750 hours. Guangdong enjoys abundant rainfall with the average annual rainfall of 1,300-1,600 millimeters, of which 80% falls in flood season from April to September. Abundant precipitation enables Guangdong to enjoy a vigorous life and green trees throughout all seasons of a year. Due to the natural conditions of sunshine and heat, it suits the growing of thermophilic cash crops such as banana, litchi, longan, pineapple, sugarcane, rubber, sisal and so on, which enables Guangdong to become an important production base of vegetables transported to North China in winter. 2、资 源 2. Resourcesl 土地 Land 广东是国内人多地少的省份之一，全省现有土地面积17.98万平方公里，其中宜农地434万公顷，占24.14%,宜林地1100万公顷，占61%。土地利用的实际情况为：耕地312.8万公顷，园地83.6万公顷，林地1025万公顷，牧草地2.7万公顷。土地资源的特点是山多平原少。Guangdong is one of provinces with limited land and dense population. The land area of Guangdong is 179,800 square km, of which the area suitable for farm is 4.34million hectares, accounting for 24.14% and the area suitable for forest is 11million hectares, accounting for 61%. The land in actual use: arable land of 3.128million hectares, garden plot of 836thousand hectares, woodland of 10.25million hectares and grassland of 27thousand hectares.l 水力与水产 Hydraulic power and aquatic production 广东降水充沛，水资源相当丰富。水力资源蕴藏量1073万千瓦，可开发装机容量666万千瓦。广东海岸线漫长，海域辽阔，广东大陆海岸线总长度3368公里、居全国各省区第一位，沿海500平方米以上的大小岛屿759个。海洋生物资源丰富，淡水养殖可养面积42.96万公顷，已开发养殖面积36.3万公顷，海水可养殖面积77.57万公顷，已开发养殖面积19.5万公顷。 Water resource is fairly abundant duo to the plentiful rainfall. The hydroelectric reserve is 10.73 million kilowatts, of which 6.66 million kilowatts can be installed to generate electricity. Guangdong owns a wide sea area and a long coastline. With the length of 3,368 km, Guangdong ranks the first in China in terms of coastal line. There are 759 islands and islets each with a size over 500square meters. Marine resources are abundant. 429.6 thousand hectares of water area can be used as fresh water fish farm and 363 thousand hectares have been developed. 775.7 thousand hectares of water area can be used as seawater fish farm, and 195 thousand hectares have been exploited. l 森林和动植物 Forestry, animal and plant广东四季常青，林木茂盛，动植物种类繁多。北部南岭地区的典型植被为亚热带山地常绿阔叶林，中部为亚热带常绿季雨林，南部为热带常绿季雨林。全省林业用地面积1025万公顷、森林覆盖率57%，活立木蓄积量3亿立方米，植物种类逾8000多种，设有10多个珍稀动物自然保护区、其中肇庆鼎湖山被列为世界自然保护区。Guangdong owns dense forests, green trees in all seasons and various animals. It takes the subtropical hill-land evergreen broadleaf trees as the typical plants in the north region, subtropical evergreen rain season trees in the central region, and tropical evergreen rain season trees in the south. The forestry land area of Guangdong totals 10.25 million hectares and the forest cover rate is 57%. Guangdong has a stock of forest of 300 million cubic meters, over 8000 plant species, more than 10 natural reserves for rare animals, among which the Dinghu Mountain in Zhaoqing city is designated as a world natural reserve.3、人口与生活水平 3. Population and Standard of living 广东是人口较多和较稠密的省份之一，2002年末全省总人口7864.76万人人口密度为每平方公里442人，社会从业人员达4124.97万人，其中农、林、牧渔从业人数1556万人。2002年城镇居民人均可支配收入11137元,农民人均纯收入3912元。Guangdong is one of the provinces with a larger and denser population. At the end of 2002, the total population of Guangdong was 78.6476 million; the population density was 442 persons per square km. And the number of people employed in the province was 41.2497 million, of which 15.56 million were employed in the industries of agriculture,forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. The yearly per capita disposable income of residents living in cities and towns was 11,137 RMB Yuan, and the annual per capita net income of peasants was 3,912 RMB Yuan.广东农业经济发展情况介绍Brief introduction to the Agricultural Economic Development of Guangdong综 述 General Introductionl 广东农业和农村工作以率先基本实现现代化总揽全局，依靠科技进步，进一步调整和优化农业生产结构，实现了经济持续增长，农民增收农村稳定的目标。2002年年广东国内生产总值达11769.73 亿元（当年价），农业总产值达1781.06亿元，创造了历史以来的最高纪录。其中种植业产值841.77亿元，林业产值57.09亿元，牧业产值465.94亿元，渔业产值416.29亿元。Guangdong achieved the goal of continuous economic growth, farmers income increase and a stable rural area basing on the development strategy of taking the lead to accomplish basic modernization in agriculture and rural area, to further restructure and optimize agricultural production structure relying on advances of science and technology. The GDP of Guangdong province in 2002 amounted to 1176.973billion RMB Yuan (calculated at the price of 2002). The total output value of agriculture reached 178.106billion RMB Yuan, the highest record in the history, of which the output value of planting industry was 84.177billion, forestry industry 5.709billion, livestock production 46.594billion and fishery industry 41.629billion RMB Yuan.农业结构战略性调整取得新进展。在确保基本农田面积和稳定粮食生产能力前提下，重点发展南亚热带的优质水果、蔬菜、花卉等园艺作物，畜牧业和园艺业成为我省农业的两大增长点。农村经济结构更趋合理。各地形成了各具特色的区域优势产品和主导产业。如湛江市的南亚热带园艺业，茂名市的优质荔枝、龙眼、香蕉，肇庆市的肉桂、松脂，揭阳市的青梅、青榄，韶关市的毛竹，潮州市的优质单枞茶，梅州市的沙田柚和白叶单枞茶等。The strategic reconstruction of Guangdongs agriculture has made new progress. Under the precondition of ensuring the basic farmland area and the stable production of grain, Guangong turns focus on the development of South-Asia tropical horticulture crops such as high- quality fruits, vegetables and flowers etc. Animal Husbandry and gardening industry are becoming the nes growing points on the development of Guangdong Agriculture.The structure of the rural economy has become more and more effective. Different regions of the province developed its own local-characteristic products and leading industry. Such as South-Asia tropical gardening industry in Zhanjiang city, high-quality litchi, longan and banana in Maoming city, cinnamon and turpentine in Zhaoqing city, greengage and green olive in Jieyang city, mao Bamboo in Shaoguan city, high-quality Dancong tea in Chaozhou city as well as Shatian shaddock and white-leaf Dancong tea in Meizhou city. 粮 食 Grain Production广东一直高度重视保护和提高粮食生产能力，从战略高度解决粮食问题，确保粮食安全。2002年粮食播种面积4021万亩（268万公顷），粮食产量1484万吨；平均亩产369公斤。其中水稻播种面积210万公顷，总产是1243.46万吨，平均亩产395公斤，玉米播种面积14.4万公顷，总产量56.26万吨。From the point view of strategy, Guangdong has always attached great importance to protecting and raising the capability of grain production in order to ensure the safety of grain production. In 2002, the area for grain totaled 40.21million mu (2.68million hectares), the total yield reached 14.84million tons with the average yield of 369kg per mu. Among which, the sown area of rice was 2.1million hectares, the total output was 12.4346million tons with the average yield of 395 kg per mu and the sown area of corn was 144thousand hectares with the total output of 562.6thousand tons.经济、园艺作物 Cash Crops and Horticultural Crops广东充分发挥资源方面的区域比较优势，大力发展名、优、稀、特产品，目前全省已形成了各具特色的区域性农业生产布局和结构，如粤西近400万亩的荔枝、龙眼、香蕉等南亚热带水果基地，粤东150多万亩的优质茶果基地，粤北150多万亩的林果基地。Guangdong has made full use of regional advantages in terms of resources and devoted great efforts to developing famous, high quality, rare and special products. Nowadays, various regional agricultural production distributions and structures have formed, such as nearly 4million mu south subtropical fruit production base of litchi, longan and banana in the west of the province, over 1.5million mu tea and fruit base in the east, and over 1.5million mu wood and fruit base in the north.l 水 果 Fruit广东素有“水果之乡”的美称，盛产热带、亚热带水果，有400多个品种，除柑桔橙、香蕉、菠萝、荔枝被誉为“岭南佳果”外，还盛产具地方风味的水果如龙眼、芒果、杨桃、柿子、柚子等。2002年全省水果种植面积875.41千公顷，总产698.91万吨，水果面积和产量均居全国前列。其中：柑、桔、橙产量81.92万吨；香蕉产量271.77万吨；菠萝产量46.25万吨；龙眼产量38.23万吨；荔枝产量97.76万吨；柚子产量41.48万吨；芒果产量19.06万吨。Guangdong has always enjoyed the reputation of being a “hometown of fruits” and it is rich in tropical and subtropical fruits, which total over 400 varieties. It also abounds in fruits with a local flavor such as longan, mango, star fruit, persimmon and pomelo besides citrus, banana, pineapple and litchi. In 2002, the sown area of fruits of the province was 875.41thousand hectares, the total output was 6.9891million tons and both ranked the front row in the country. Among the various fruits, the yield of citrus was 8,192thousand tons, banana 2.7177million tons, pineapple 462.5thousand tons, longan 382.3 thousand tons, litchi 977.6thousand tons, pomelo 414.8thousand tons and mango 190.6thousand tons. 广东省茂名市种植水果历史悠久。2002全市水果种植面积达29万公顷，其中荔枝11.8万公顷，龙眼8万公顷，香蕉0.04万公顷；总产量89.9万吨，居全省第一位。The City of Maoming in Guangdong province has a long history of planting fruits. In 2002, the sown area of fruits of the city reached 290thousand hectares with litchi of 118thousand hectares, longan of 80thousand hectares and banana of 400 hectares. The total output was 899thousand tons and ranked the first in Guangdong province. l 蔬 菜 Vegetable广东具有得天独厚的气候条件，适宜种植蔬菜，蔬菜品种多，质量好，近年，全省各地积极引进、推广良种，使全省蔬菜良种覆盖率达到70%以上。广东是中国蔬菜主产区，2002年全省蔬菜总播种面积1128千公顷，总产量达2443万吨，近年来大力推广塑料大棚、玻璃温室等设施进行无土栽培，无公害蔬菜生产有进一步发展，同时还先后从国内外引进和推广了一批优质高档良种，如加拿大鱼翅瓜、日本板栗南瓜、荷兰黄瓜、台湾樱桃、番茄等品种，产品远销海内外，深受消费者欢迎。Guangdong enjoys special favors of natural conditions of planting vegetables with high quality and various species. In recent years, cities of Guangdong province all actively introduced and extended improved varieties, which ensures the covering rate of improved strains of vegetables to reach over 70%. Guangdong is the main vegetable production base of China. The total sown area of vegetable in 2002 was 1.128million hectares and the total output reached 24.43million tons. In recent years, Guangdong has made great efforts to develop hydroponics by extending such facilities as plastic house and glass house. The pollution-free vegetable production has been further developed and a number of high quality, high class varieties of vegetables have been introduced from other countries or other provinces of China, such as sharks fin melon from Canadian, chestnut pumpkin from Japanese, new kind of cucumber from Holland and cherry tomato from Taiwan. The products were greatly welcomed on both domestic and oversea markets.l 花 卉 Flower在新一轮农业战略性结构调整中花卉业呈现出迅速发展的势头，成为农业增效、农民增收的一个新亮点。广东素有“百花之库”的美誉，花卉资源相当丰富，是全国四大花卉产区之一。在全国常见的510多种花卉中，广东占有80以上。近年来，花卉业生产方兴未艾，鲜切花、盆景、兰花等远销欧美、日本、东南亚、港澳台等国家和地区。2002年全省花卉种植面积达38.58千公顷，销售额58亿元。In a new round of strategic restructuring of agriculture, the horticulture is taking on a rapid development momentum and becomes a new highlight for enhancing the efficiency of agriculture and increasing the income of farmers.Guangdong has always been famed as being a “storehouse of hundreds of flowers ” with rich flower resources and becomes one of four main flower-producing areas of China. The varieties of flowers in Guangdong make up over 80% of the 510 species of common flowers in China. In recent years, with the flourishing horticulture production, its cutting flowers, potted landscapes and orchids have been sold to such countries and regions as Europe, the U.S., Japan, southeast Asia, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. In 2002, the total sown area of flowers amounted to 38.58thousand hectares and the total sales volume reached 5.8 billion RMB Yuan. 全国最大的南亚热带植物园The biggest south subtropical botanical garden in China广州市华南植物园占地300公顷，计有280多科、2000多属，共5000多种植物。Guangzhou South China Botanical Garden has an area of 300 hectares with over 280 families, over 2000 genera and over 5000 kinds.l 茶 叶 Tea茶叶是广东传统的经济作物和出口商品。广东不仅产茶历史悠久，而且茶类品种丰富繁多，近几年广东茶叶种植面积不断扩大，质量明显提高，2002年全省茶园面积40.53千公顷，产茶4.24万吨。名优茶供不应求，凤凰单丛、岭头单丛的中高档茶，优质绿茶、红茶、毛尖茶、无公害茶远销海内外。Tea is the traditional cash crops and exported products of Guangdong. Guandong not only has a long history of producing tea but also owns various tea species. In the past several years, Guangdong has continuously expanded the sown area of tea and outstandingly raised the quality of tea. In 2002, the so