财务管理会计案例教材英文版(ppt 70)

StandardCostsandOperatingPerformanceMeasures,StandardCosts,Benchmarksformeasuringperformance.,Theexpectedlevelofperformance.,Basedoncarefullypredeterminedamounts.,Usedforplanninglabor,materialandoverheadrequirements.,StandardCostsare,StandardCosts,DirectMaterial,Managersfocusonquantitiesandcoststhatexceedstandards,apracticeknownasmanagementbyexception.,TypeofProductCost,Amount,DirectLabor,ManufacturingOverhead,Standard,Accountants,engineers,personneladministrators,andproductionmanagerscombineeffortstosetstandardsbasedonexperienceandexpectations.,SettingStandardCosts,SettingStandardCosts,Engineer,ManagerialAccountant,SettingStandardCosts,Practicalstandardsshouldbesetatlevelsthatarecurrentlyattainablewithreasonableandefficienteffort.,Productionmanager,SettingStandardCosts,Iagree.Idealstandards,thatarebasedonperfection,areunattainableanddiscouragemostemployees.,HumanResourcesManager,SettingDirectMaterialStandards,QuantityStandards,Useproductdesignspecifications.,PriceStandards,Final,deliveredcostofmaterials,netofdiscounts.,SettingDirectLaborStandards,RateStandards,Usewagesurveysandlaborcontracts.,TimeStandards,Usetimeandmotionstudiesforeachlaboroperation.,SettingVariableOverheadStandards,RateStandards,Therateisthevariableportionofthepredeterminedoverheadrate.,ActivityStandards,Theactivityisthebaseusedtocalculatethepredeterminedoverhead.,StandardCostCardVariableProductionCost,Astandardcostcardforoneunitofproductmightlooklikethis:,Arestandardsthesameasbudgets?,Astandardistheexpectedcostforoneunit.Abudgetistheexpectedcostforallunits.,Standardsvs.Budgets,StandardCostVariances,ProductCost,Standard,Thisvarianceisunfavorablebecausetheactualcostexceedsthestandardcost.,Astandardcostvarianceistheamountbywhichanactualcostdiffersfromthestandardcost.,StandardCostVariances,VarianceAnalysisCycle,Preparestandardcostperformancereport,Conductnextperiodsoperations,Analyzevariances,Identifyquestions,Receiveexplanations,Takecorrectiveactions,Begin,StandardCostVariances,StandardCostVariances,AGeneralModelforVarianceAnalysis,ActualQuantityActualQuantityStandardQuantityActualPriceStandardPriceStandardPrice,PriceVariance,QuantityVariance,Standardpriceistheamountthatshouldhavebeenpaidfortheresourcesacquired.,PriceVariance,QuantityVariance,ActualQuantityActualQuantityStandardQuantityActualPriceStandardPriceStandardPrice,AGeneralModelforVarianceAnalysis,Standardquantityisthequantityallowedfortheactualgoodoutput.,AGeneralModelforVarianceAnalysis,AQ(AP-SP)SP(AQ-SQ)AQ=ActualQuantitySP=StandardPriceAP=ActualPriceSQ=StandardQuantity,PriceVariance,QuantityVariance,ActualQuantityActualQuantityStandardQuantityActualPriceStandardPriceStandardPrice,StandardCosts,Letsusethegeneralmodeltocalculatestandardcostvariances,startingwithdirectmaterial.,HansonInc.hasthefollowingdirectmaterialstandardtomanufactureoneZippy:1.5poundsperZippyat$4.00perpoundLastweek1,700poundsofmaterialwerepurchasedandusedtomake1,000Zippies.Thematerialcostatotalof$6,630.,MaterialVariancesExample,Whatistheactualpriceperpoundpaidforthematerial?a.$4.00perpound.b.$4.10perpound.c.$3.90perpound.d.$6.63perpound.,MaterialVariances,Whatistheactualpriceperpoundpaidforthematerial?a.$4.00perpound.b.$4.10perpound.c.$3.90perpound.d.$6.63perpound.,AP=$6,6301,700lbs.AP=$3.90perlb.,MaterialVariances,Hansonsmaterialpricevariance(MPV)fortheweekwas:a.$170unfavorable.b.$170favorable.c.$800unfavorable.d.$800favorable.,MaterialVariances,Hansonsmaterialpricevariance(MPV)fortheweekwas:a.$170unfavorable.b.$170favorable.c.$800unfavorable.d.$800favorable.,MPV=AQ(AP-SP)MPV=1,700lbs.($3.90-4.00)MPV=$170Favorable,MaterialVariances,Thestandardquantityofmaterialthatshouldhavebeenusedtoproduce1,000Zippiesis:a.1,700pounds.b.1,500pounds.c.2,550pounds.d.2,000pounds.,MaterialVariances,Thestandardquantityofmaterialthatshouldhavebeenusedtoproduce1,000Zippiesis:a.1,700pounds.b.1,500pounds.c.2,550pounds.d.2,000pounds.,SQ=1,000units1.5lbsperunitSQ=1,500lbs,MaterialVariances,Hansonsmaterialquantityvariance(MQV)fortheweekwas:a.$170unfavorable.b.$170favorable.c.$800unfavorable.d.$800favorable.,MaterialVariances,Hansonsmaterialquantityvariance(MQV)fortheweekwas:a.$170unfavorable.b.$170favorable.c.$800unfavorable.d.$800favorable.,MQV=SP(AQ-SQ)MQV=$4.00(1,700lbs-1,500lbs)MQV=$800unfavorable,MaterialVariances,1,700lbs.1,700lbs.1,500lbs.$3.90perlb.$4.00perlb.$4.00perlb.=$6,630=$6,800=$6,000,Pricevariance$170favorable,Quantityvariance$800unfavorable,ActualQuantityActualQuantityStandardQuantityActualPriceStandardPriceStandardPrice,MaterialVariancesSummary,MaterialVariances,Hansonpurchasedandused1,700pounds.Howarethevariancescomputediftheamountpurchaseddiffersfromtheamountused?,Thepricevarianceiscomputedontheentirequantitypurchased.Thequantityvarianceiscomputedonlyonthequantityused.,HansonInc.hasthefollowingmaterialstandardtomanufactureoneZippy:1.5poundsperZippyat$4.00perpoundLastweek2,800poundsofmaterialwerepurchasedatatotalcostof$10,920,and1,700poundswereusedtomake1,000Zippies.,MaterialVariancesContinued,ActualQuantityActualQuantityPurchasedPurchasedActualPriceStandardPrice,2,800lbs.2,800lbs.$3.90perlb.$4.00perlb.=$10,920=$11,200,Pricevariance$280favorable,Pricevarianceincreasesbecausequantitypurchasedincreases.,MaterialVariancesContinued,ActualQuantityUsedStandardQuantityStandardPriceStandardPrice,1,700lbs.1,500lbs.$4.00perlb.$4.00perlb.=$6,800=$6,000,Quantityvariance$800unfavorable,Quantityvarianceisunchangedbecauseactualandstandardquantitiesareunchanged.,MaterialVariancesContinued,IsolationofMaterialVariances,ResponsibilityforMaterialVariances,StandardCosts,Nowletscalculatestandardcostvariancesfordirectlabor.,HansonInc.hasthefollowingdirectlaborstandardtomanufactureoneZippy:1.5standardhoursperZippyat$6.00perdirectlaborhourLastweek1,550directlaborhourswereworkedatatotallaborcostof$9,610tomake1,000Zippies.,LaborVariancesExample,WhatwasHansonsactualrate(AR)forlaborfortheweek?a.$6.20perhour.b.$6.00perhour.c.$5.80perhour.d.$5.60perhour.,LaborVariances,WhatwasHansonsactualrate(AR)forlaborfortheweek?a.$6.20perhour.b.$6.00perhour.c.$5.80perhour.d.$5.60perhour.,LaborVariances,AR=$9,6101,550hoursAR=$6.20perhour,Hansonslaborratevariance(LRV)fortheweekwas:a.$310unfavorable.b.$310favorable.c.$300unfavorable.d.$300favorable.,LaborVariances,Hansonslaborratevariance(LRV)fortheweekwas:a.$310unfavorable.b.$310favorable.c.$300unfavorable.d.$300favorable.,LaborVariances,LRV=AH(AR-SR)LRV=1,550hrs($6.20-$6.00)LRV=$310unfavorable,Thestandardhours(SH)oflaborthatshouldhavebeenworkedtoproduce1,000Zippiesis:a.1,550hours.b.1,500hours.c.1,700hours.d.1,800hours.,LaborVariances,Thestandardhours(SH)oflaborthatshouldhavebeenworkedtoproduce1,000Zippiesis:a.1,550hours.b.1,500hours.c.1,700hours.d.1,800hours.,LaborVariances,SH=1,000units1.5hoursperunitSH=1,500hours,Hansonslaborefficiencyvariance(LEV)fortheweekwas:a.$290unfavorable.b.$290favorable.c.$300unfavorable.d.$300favorable.,LaborVariances,Hansonslaborefficiencyvariance(LEV)fortheweekwas:a.$290unfavorable.b.$290favorable.c.$300unfavorable.d.$300favorable.,LaborVariances,LEV=SR(AH-SH)LEV=$6.00(1,550hrs-1,500hrs)LEV=$300unfavorable,ActualHoursActualHoursStandardHoursActualRateStandardRateStandardRate,LaborVariancesSummary,Ratevariance$310unfavorable,Efficiencyvariance$300unfavorable,1,550hours1,550hours1,500hours$6.20perhour$6.00perhour$6.00perhour=$9,610=$9,300=$9,000,LaborRateVarianceACloserLook,Highskill,highrate,Lowskill,lowrate,Usinghighlypaidskilledworkerstoperformunskilledtasksresultsinanunfavorableratevariance.,Productionmanagerswhomakeworkassignmentsaregenerallyresponsibleforratevariances.,LaborEfficiencyVarianceACloserLook,UnfavorableEfficiencyVariance,Poorlytrainedworkers,Poorqualitymaterials,Poorlymaintainedequipment,Poorsupervisionofworkers,ResponsibilityforLaborVariances,ResponsibilityforLaborVariances,MaybeIcanattributethelaborandmaterialvariancestopersonnelforhiringthewrongpeopleandtrainingthempoorly.,StandardCosts,Nowletscalculatestandardcostvariancesforthelastofthevariableproductioncostsvariablemanufacturingoverhead.,HansonInc.hasthefollowingvariablemanufacturingoverheadstandardtomanufactureoneZippy:1.5standardhoursperZippyat$3.00perdirectlaborhourLastweek1,550hourswereworkedtomake1,000Zippies,and$5,115wasspentforvariablemanufacturingoverhead.,VariableManufacturingOverheadVariancesExample,WhatwasHansonsactualrate(AR)forvariablemanufacturingoverheadratefortheweek?a.$3.00perhour.b.$3.19perhour.c.$3.30perhour.d.$4.50perhour.,VariableManufacturingOverheadVariances,WhatwasHansonsactualrate(AR)forvariablemanufacturingoverheadratefortheweek?a.$3.00perhour.b.$3.19perhour.c.$3.30perhour.d.$4.50perhour.,VariableManufacturingOverheadVariances,AR=$5,1151,550hoursAR=$3.30perhour,Hansonsspendingvariance(SV)forvariablemanufacturingoverheadfortheweekwas:a.$465unfavorable.b.$400favorable.c.$335unfavorable.d.$300favorable.,VariableManufacturingOverheadVariances,Hansonsspendingvariance(SV)forvariablemanufacturingoverheadfortheweekwas:a.$465unfavorable.b.$400favorable.c.$335unfavorable.d.$300favorable.,VariableManufacturingOverheadVariances,SV=AH(AR-SR)SV=1,550hrs($3.30-$3.00)SV=$465unfavorable,Hansonsefficiencyvariance(EV)forvariablemanufacturingoverheadfortheweekwas:a.$435unfavorable.b.$435favorable.c.$150unfavorable.d.$150favorable.,VariableManufacturingOverheadVariances,Hansonsefficiencyvariance(EV)forvariablemanufacturingoverheadfortheweekwas:a.$435unfavorable.b.$435favorable.c.$150unfavorable.d.$150favorable.,VariableManufacturingOverheadVariances,EV=SR(AH-SH)EV=$3.00(1,550hrs-1,500hrs)EV=$150unfavorable,1,000units1.5hrsperunit,Spendingvariance$465unfavorable,Efficiencyvariance$150unfavorable,1,550hours1,550hours1,500hours$3.30perhour$3.00perhour$3.00perhour=$5,115=$4,650=$4,500,ActualHoursActualHoursStandardHoursActualRateStandardRateStandardRate,VariableManufacturingOverheadVariances,VariableManufacturingOverheadVariancesACloserLook,Ifvariableoverheadisappliedonthebasisofdirectlaborhours,thelaborefficiencyandvariableoverheadefficiencyvarianceswillmoveintandem.,Largervariances,indollaramountorasapercentageofthestandard,areinvestigatedfirst.,VarianceAnalysisandManagementbyException,HowdoIknowwhichvariancestoinvestigate?,AdvantagesofStandardCosts,Managementbyexception,Improvedcostcontrolandperformanceevaluation,BetterInformationforplanninganddecisionmaking,Possiblereductionsinproductioncosts,Advantages,PotentialProblems,Emphasisonnegativemayimpactmor