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VictorMarieHugo,VictorMarieHugo,VictorMarieHugo(26February180222May1885)wasaFrenchpoet,novelist,anddramatistoftheRomanticmovement.HeisconsideredoneofthegreatestandbestknownFrenchwriters.InFrance,Hugosliteraryfamecomesfirstfromhispoetrybutalsorestsuponhisnovelsandhisdramaticachievements.,VictorMarieHugo,PersonallifeWritingsPoliticalLifeandExileDecliningYearsandDeathMemorials,PersonalLife,Birth:Hugowasthethirdsoninthefamily,hewasbornin1802(1885)inBesanoninFranceChildhood:Hugoschildhoodwasaperiodofnationalpoliticalturmoil.Hugosfatherwasahigh-rankedofficerinNapoleons(拿破仑)army.thefamilymovedfrequentlyandHugolearnedmuchfromthesetravels.BackParisbegantostudyat10.Marriage:1822Hugomarriedhischildhoodsweetheart,AdeleFoucherafterthedeathofhermother,whoopposedthematch.HehasafaithfulmistressJulietteDrouet.Hischildren:Fourchildren.Hisoldestandfavoritedaughter,Leopoldinediedat19in1843.Hudofirstlearndthisfromanewspaper.hewasdevastated.,Hedescribeshisshockandgriefinhisfamouspoem:AVillequierAlas!turninganenviouseyetowardsthepast,inconsolablebyanythingonearth,IkeeplookingatthatmomentofmylifewhenIsawheropenherwingsandflyaway!IwillseethatinstantuntilIdie,thatinstanttoomuchfortears!whenIcriedout:ThechildthatIhadjustnow-what!Idonthaveheranymore!,VictorMarieHugo,Writings,Hisworkstouchesuponmostofthepoliticalandsocialissuesandartistictrendsofhistime.Majorworks:1821:冰岛凶汉(HanDslande)1827:克伦威尔(Cromwell)(剧本)1829:东方诗集(lesOrientales)1830:欧那尼(Hernani)(戏本)1831:巴黎圣母院)(Notre-DamedeParis)1838:吕布拉(RuyBlas)(剧本)1853:惩罚集(lesChatiments)(诗)1856:沉思集(lesContemplations)1862:悲惨世界(lesMiserables)1866:海上劳工1869:笑面人(LHommequiRit)1859-1883:世纪传说(laLegendedessiecles)(诗)1874:九三年(Quatre-Vingt-Treize)(小说),VictorMarieHugo,PoliticalLifeandExile,Politicallife:1841,HugowaselectedtotheTheAcademieFancaise(法兰西学院)in1841.1850,HugowaselectedtotheConstitutionalAssemblyandtheLegislativeAssembly(制宪议会)WhenLouisNapoleon路易波拿巴seizedcompletepowerin1851,establishingananti-parliamentaryconstitution,HugoopenlydeclaredhimatraitortoFrance。Hugobegantoliveinexile.Exile(18511870):duringtheexile,hepublishedmanyfamousworks,like惩罚集(lesChatiments);沉思集(lesContemplations);悲惨世界(lesMiserables),AlthoughLouisNapoleongrantedanamnestytoallpoliticalexilesin1859,Hugodeclined.ItwasonlyafterLouisNapoleonfellfrompowerandtheThirdRepublicwasproclaimedthatHugofinallyreturnedtohishomelandin1870,andcontinuehispoliticallife.Politicallife:Hugo,electedtotheNationalAssembly(1871)andtheSenate(1876).,VictorMarieHugo,Withinabriefperiod,hesufferedamildstroke,hisdaughterAdlesinternmentinaninsaneasylum,andthedeathofhistwosons.HiswifeAdlehaddiedin1868.Hisfaithfulmistress,JulietteDrouet,diedin1883,onlytwoyearsbeforehisowndeath.VictorHugosdeathfrompneumonia(肺炎)on22May1885,attheageof83,generatedintensenationalmourning.Hewasnotonlyreveredasatoweringfigureinliterature,hewasastatesmanwhoshapedtheThirdRepublicanddemocracyinFrance.Morethantwomillionpeoplejoinedhisfuneral,DecliningyearsandDeath,VictorMarieHugo,memorials,ThepeopleofGuernseyerectedastatuetocommemoratehisstayintheislandsTheCityofParishaspreservedhisresidencesasmuseums.ThehousewherehestayedinVianden,Luxembourg,in1871hasalsobecomeacommemorativemuseum.AnumberofstreetsandavenuesthroughoutFrancearelikewisenamedafterhim.TheschoolLyceVictorHugowasfoundedinhistownofbirth,BesanoninFrance.Avenu

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