定语从句和宾语从句的知识点.doc

定语从句复习在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that, as ;引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why;关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.关系副词在定语从句中做状语.一.由 who, 引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),修饰表示人的先行词. 例如:This is the man who helped me. Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ? The boy who/whom we saw yesterday is Johns brother.二.whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词, 口语中可以省略.The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后 whom不能省略)The babies whom the nurses are looking for are very healthy.(固定短语中的介词一般不省略,介词仍放在动词之后)三.whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.Do you know the woman whose name is Mary.Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.四.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词,作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.The letter (that/which) I received was from my father.I cant find the letter that/which came this morning.Do you still remember the days(that/which) we spent together ?This is the man that/who helped me.The house (that/which) we live in is not large.=The house in which we live is not large.The doctor (that/whom /who)you are looking for is in the room.五. which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,修饰表示物的先行词. 先行词可以是词、短语、句子。This is the book (which/that ) you want.The building which/that stands near the river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)The house (which/that) we live in is not large.This is the watch (which/that ) he was looking for.(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前 )六、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that. 先行词为不定冠词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等.All (that) you have to do is to practise every day.There isnt much (that) I can do. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen. 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时.I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.The white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to read.This is the same book that I want to read. (同一本书)-This is the same book as I want to read. 当主句以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导.Who is the man that is standing there ?Which of us that knows something about physics doesnt know this ?先行词既有人又有物时。We talked about the persons and things that we could remember. time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或 last 来修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或 last 来修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that来引导。This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972. 七、as 引导的定语从句，as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语、定语、表语、或状语，常与the same as; such as , so as , as as 连用。I like the same book as you do. I want to have such a dictionary as he has. I shall do it in the same way as you did.He is the same age as you ( are ).He will give you such information as will help you.Such students as you have mentioned should be criticized.=Students such as you have mentioned should be criticized.在the same后也可用that引导定语从句，但意义有所不同：that 引出的定语从句，指的是与先行词同一事物；而 as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物。I want to use the same tool that I used yesterday.I want to use the same tool as I used yesterday.八、由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing. ( 介词which可以代替 when)Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.I remember the days which/that we spent together.九、由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。This is the place where we lived for five years.The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.( 介词which可以代替where This is a place which/that I wanted to visit. 十、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。I know the reason why he came late.The reason why he was late was that he was ill.宾语从句(The Object Clause)一、在复合句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句，它有三种类型。(一)由that引导的宾语从句。这种宾语从句中的that本身没有词义在口语或非正式文体中可以省略。例如：1.I hope(that)he will come tomorrow.2.He said(that)he would study English harder than before.(二)同连接代词who,whose,what,which和连接副词how,when where引导的宾语从句。这些连词在句中作成分，有实际意义不能省略。例如：1.I dont know who he is.2.Could you tell me whose room this is?3.He asked me which class I was in.4.We didnt know when we would meet. 5.Please tell me how I can use the computer,will you? (三)由连词wether或if引导的宾语从句。例如：1.The teacher asked me if/whether I could answer this question.2.We dont know if/whether he has been to The Great Wall.二、宾语从句需要注意的几个问题(一)宾语从句是陈述句不是疑问句，要用陈述句语序。(二)含有宾语从句的复合句主句是过去时宾语从句要用过去时态一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时和过去完成时。(*但主句是其他时态时，宾语从句根据需要可用任何时态。)例如：1.He said that he had never seen such an exciting match before.2.I didnt know what her name was. (主句一般过去时，宾语从句一般过去时)3.I heard that they would play against the girlsteam. (主句一般过去时，宾语从句过去将来时)*当宾语从句是客观真理时，无论主句是什么时态宾语从句都要用一般现在时。例如：1.The teacher told them that light travels faster than the sound.2.The little child didnt know the earth goes round the sun. (三)只能用whether不能用if的几种情况：1.whether可以直接和or not连用，if不可。I dont know whether or not he can pass the exam. 2.whether引导的宾语从句可放在句首，if不能。Whether he can go,Im not sure. 3.whether还可以引导主语从句放在句首，if不能。Whether he can pass the exam is till a question. (四)think,believe,expect,suppo