艾米莉·狄金森.ppt

EmilyDickinson,ThisIsMyLetterToTheWorld,ThisismylettertotheWorldThatneverwrotetoMeThesimpleNewsthatNaturetoldWithtenderMajestyHerMessageiscommittedToHandsIcannotseeForloveofHerSweetcountrymenJudgetenderlyofMe,这是我给世界的信,这是我给世界的信因为它从来不写信给我那是温柔崇高的存在自然在把简单的信息诉说她的信是交付给一双我无法看见的手因为她的爱亲切的同乡请温柔地评判我,OnPoetry,Poetryshouldbepowerfulandtouching.Theinspirationofthepoetcamefromhisinnerworldorintensityofhisemotionsandthepastliterarytraditions.Poetryshouldexpressideasthroughconcreteimages.Itwasthepoetsdutytoexpressabstractideasthroughvividandfreshimagery.Shewasagainsttherestrictionofthetraditionaldoctrinesandarguedforthedepictionofonesinnerworld.,Style,A:Herpoemshavenotitles,hencethefirstlineofeachpoemisalwaysquotedasthetitleofeachpoem.B:particularstresspattern:dash“”C:Capitallettersasameansofemphasis;D:Language:brief,direct,andplain;E:Poem:short,alwaysonoriginalimagesorsymbolsF:Conventionalmeters,iambictetrameter,off-rhymes.G:Shortpoeticlines,condensedbyusingintensemetaphorsandbyextensiveuseofellipsis.,H:Regularmeterhymnmeterandballadmeter,alsoknownasCommonmeterQuatrainsAlternatingtetrameterandtrimeterOften1stand3rdlinesrhyme,2ndand4thlinesrhymeiniambicpentameterVisualandaudibleeffects,greatimagination,sincereemotions.I:Herpoemstendtobepersonalandmeditative(e.g.“BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath”).,Themes,Dickinsonoftenbroughtdazzlingoriginalitytooverwroughttopics.LifeLoveNatureTimeandEternityDeathandMourningReligionandFaithIsolationandDepressionPoetryandLanguage,要造就一片草原，只需一株苜蓿一只蜂一株苜蓿，一只蜂再加上白日梦有白日梦也就够了如果找不到蜂,Tomakeaprairie,Shebeginsbyclaimingthattomakeaphysicallylargeitem,“aprairie,”alloneneedsistwosmallphysicalitems,“acloverandonebee.”Thenshequalifiesthatbysaying,“Oneclover,andabee/Andrevery”;thenshequalifiesthatclaimfurther,bysayingifyoudonthaveoneofthosephysicalcomponents,“bees,”(andbyimplication,thecloveraswell),thenyoucanstillmaketheprairiebyreveryalone.,“Revery”meansdream,thought,extendedconcentrationonanysubject,orevenday-dreamingwhereinthemindisallowedtoroamfreeoverthelandscapeofunlimitedexpansion,buttothespeakerinthispoem,“revery”ismorelikemeditationwhichresultsinatruevision.Thespeakerspowerofreverydemonstratesanadvancedachievement,farbeyondordinaryday-dreaming.thisspeakerisclaimingthatwithoutanyphysicalobjectsatall,themindofoneadvancedintheartofreverycanproduceanyobjectthatminddesires.,Successiscountedsweetest,1.Onlythosewhodesiresuccessmostcantellhowsweetitis;andpeoplewhoeasilyobtainsuccesscanhardlyrealizewhatitreallymeans.2.Eventhoughtheold-timefighterscouldnottastethesweetnessofvictoryinalltheirlife,theyarethosewhoknowwhatsuccessreallyis.Comparedwiththepresenteasysuccesswinners,theydeservemorerespect.,3.Inconsiderationofthepoetslifeexperienceandhertemperament,hereinthispoemshemayimplyherdeterminationtopursueorquestheridealeventhoughhervaluewasnotrecognizedathertime.Thatistosay,shefirmlybelievesthatevenshewasregardedasaloserathertime(fewpoemswerepublishedinherlife),sheherselfclearlyknowswhereshestands.4.Inabroadersense,thelittlepoemcanserveasapieceofencouragementforthosewhoarestrugglingforandpursuingtheirdreamsandideals-ifwhatyouarefightingforismeaningful,dontgiveup,nomatterwhattheresultis.Theeasysuccessisnotsosweet.,ImNobody!,ImNobody!Whoareyou?Areyou-Nobody-too?Thentheresapairofus!Donttell!theydbanishus-youknow!我是无名之辈，你是谁？你,也是,无名之辈？这就有了我们一对！可是别声张！你知道，他们会大肆张扬！,ImNobody!,Howdreary-tobe-Somebody!Howpublic-likeaFrog-Totellyourname-thelivelongJuneToanadmiringBog!做个，显要人物，好不无聊！像个青蛙，向仰慕的泥沼在整个六月，把个人的姓名聒噪何等招摇！（江枫译）,1.Whoarethe“they”inline4?The“admiringbog”inline8?2.Doyouprefersolitudetopubliclife?Giveyourreasons.,Questions,Metaphor/Simile,Metaphor:Acomparison.Example:“Afrogisacelebrity.”Simile:Acomparisonusinglikeoras.Example:“Howpubliclikeafrog”,我是无名之辈，我是无名之辈，你是谁？你也是无名之辈？那么，咱俩是一对且莫声张！你懂嘛，他们容不得咱俩。做个名人多无聊！象青蛙到处招摇向一洼仰慕的泥塘把自己的大名整天宣扬！）（汪义群译孙梁校；英美名诗一百首，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1987）,Translation,我是无名之辈!你是谁?,我是无名之辈!你是谁?你也是无名之辈吗?那么我们为一对!别说!他们会传开去-你知道!多无聊-是-某某名人!多招摇-象个青蛙-告诉你的名字-漫长的六月-给一片赞赏的沼泽!,Commentary,Thispoemishermostfamousandmostplayfuldefenseofthekindofspiritualprivacyshefavored,implyingthattobeaNobodyisaluxuryincomprehensibletothedrearySomebodiesfortheyaretoobusykeepingtheirnamesincirculation,croakinglikefrogsinaswampinthesummertime.,Comparison:Whitmanvs.Dickinson,Similarities:Thematically,theybothextolled,intheirdifferentways,anemergentAmerica,itsexpansion,itsindividualismanditsAmericanness,theirpoetrybeingpartof“AmericanRenaissance”.Technically,theybothaddedtotheliteraryindependenceofthenewnationbybreakingfreeoftheconventionoftheiambicpentameterandexhibitingafreedominformunknownbefore:theywerepioneersinAmericanpoetry.,differences:Whitmanseemstokeephiseyeonsocietyatlarge;Dickinsonexplorestheinnerlifeoftheindividual.Whitmanis“national”inhisoutlook,Dickinsonis“regional”.Dickinsonhasthedirect,simplestylewhichWhitmandoesnthave.,WaltWhitmanandEmilyDickinson,Whitman,inhispoems,heexpressedhisstronglovetowardhiscountry,hisnationandhispeople,andheshowedgreatoptimismandconfidencetowardsthefutureofAmerica.,BecauseEmilyDickinsonwithdrawherselffromthesocietyandlivedlikeahermit,anypoliticalandsocialthingsdidnotinfluenceher.shejustfocusedherattentionontheinnerworld.Herthemesrangedfromlove,death,religion,nature,immortality,painandbeauty,especiallyabouttheexplorationofdeath.Shewasapessimisticwriter.,IDiedForBeautyButWasScarce,IdiedforbeautybutwasscarceAdjustedinthetomb,WhenonewhodiedfortruthwaslainInanadjoiningroom.HequestionedsoftlywhyIfailed?Forbeauty,Ireplied.AndIfortruth,thetwoareone;Webrethrenare,hesaid.Andso,askinsmenmetanight,Wetalkedbetweentherooms,Untilthemosshadreachedourlips,Andcoveredupournames.,Thespeaker:diedforBeautyamanlaidinatombnexttoher:diedforTruth.Whenthetwosoftlytoldeachotherwhytheydied,themandeclaredthatTruthandBeautyarethesamesoheandthespeakerwereBrethren.andtalkedasKinsmenbetweentheirtombsuntilthemossreachedtheirlipsandcoveredupthenamesontheirtombstones.,bizarre,allegoricaldeathfantasyitsmannerofpresentationbelongsuniquelytoDickinson.BeautyisTruth,TruthBeauty-Keats,OdeonaGrecianUrnthemacabrephysicalityofdeath,thehighidealismofmartyrdom(IdiedforBeauty.OnewhodiedforTruth)acertainkindofromanticyearningcombinedwithlongingforPlatoniccompanionship(Andso,asKinsmen,metaNight-),andanoptimismabouttheafterlife(itwouldbenicetohaveafriend)withterroraboutthefactofdeath(itwouldbehorribletolieinthecemeteryhavingaconversationthroughthewallsofatomb).,Asthepoemprogresses,thehighidealismandyearningforcompanionshipgraduallygivewaytomute,colddeath,asthemosscreepsupthespeakerscorpseandherheadstone,obliteratingbothhercapacitytospeak(coveringherlips)andheridentity(coveringhername).Theultimateeffectofthispoemistoshowthateveryaspectofhumanlife-ideals,humanfeelings,identityitself-iserasedbydeath.Butbymakingtheerasur