the bluest eye 最蓝的眼睛.ppt

TheBluestEye,ToniMorrison,Background,詹宁,ToniMorrison,Born:February18,1931(1931-02-18)Lorain,Ohio,UnitedStatesOccupation:Novelist,WriterGenres:AfricanAmericanliteratureNotablework(s):Beloved,SongofSolomonNotableaward(s):NobelPrizeinLiterature1993PulitzerPrizeforFiction1988,Hernovelsareknownfortheirepicthemes,vividdialogue,andrichlydetailedblackcharacters.,MorrisonbeganwritingfictionaspartofaninformalgroupofpoetsandwritersatHowardUniversitywhomettodiscusstheirwork.Shewenttoonemeetingwithashortstoryaboutablackgirlwholongedtohaveblueeyes.Thestorylaterevolvedintoherfirstnovel,TheBluestEye(1970).,Althoughhernovelstypicallyconcentrateonblackwomen,Morrisondoesnotidentifyherworksasfeminist.Shehasstatedthatshethinks“itsoff-putting(令人不快)tosomereaders,whomayfeelthatIminvolvedinwritingsomekindoffeministtract.Idontsubscribetopatriarchy,andIdontthinkitshouldbesubstitutedwithmatriarchy.Ithinkitsaquestionofequitableaccess,andopeningdoorstoallsortsofthings.,SocialBackground,Thestoryinthisnovelhappenedin1940s.Althoughslavesystemhadbeencancelled,BlackhadbeenunabletogetridofracialdiscriminationthatexistsineverycornerofAmericansociety.ThisdiscriminationisgrimlydominantinthemindoftheWhiteandtheBrown.,theBluestEye,Character:PecolaBreedloveGeraldineJuniorThecatLouis,Thestoryofeleven-year-oldPecolaBreedlove,thetragicheroineofToniMorrisonshauntingfirstnovel,grewoutofhermemoryofagirlhoodfriendwhowantedblueeyes.,theBluestEye,Pecolaliveswithheralcoholicfatherandembittered,overworkedmotherinashabbystorefrontthatreeksofthehopelessdestitutionthatoverwhelmstheirlives.EachnightPecolaprayedforblueeyes.Inherelevenyears,noonehadevernoticedPecola.Butwithblueeyes,shethought,everythingwouldbedifferent.Shewouldbesoprettythatherparentswouldstopfighting.Herfatherwouldstopdrinking.Herbrotherwouldstoprunningaway.Ifonlyshecouldbebeautiful.Ifonlypeoplewouldlookather.,Themes,TheimportanceoffamilyandcommunityTheinnocenceofchildrenSeeingversusBeingseenSexualInitiationandabusePowerlessnessofWomenandchildrenandchildmolestationThecyclicalnatureofracismWhitenessisthestandardofbeauty,motifs,DirtinessandCleanlinessWhitenessandColorednessUglinessandBeauty,Pattern,施婷娜,Structure,Paragraph1-9thedebutanddescriptionof“thebrowngirls”.Paragraph10-53asmallincidentbetweentheheroinePecolaBreedlove-ablackgirlandaboyandhisbrownmother.,Mobile,MobileisthethirdmostpopulouscityintheSouthernUSstateofAlabamaandisthecountyseatofMobileCounty.ItislocatedontheMobileRiverandthecentralGulfCoastoftheUnitedStates.,Mobile,Fromtop:PincusBuilding,OldCityHallandSouthernMarket,FortCond,BartonAcademy,CathedralBasilicaoftheImmaculateConception,andtheskylineofdowntownMobilefromtheMobileRiver.,Aiken,AikenisacityinandthecountyseatofAikenCounty,SouthCarolina,UnitedStates.WithAugusta,Georgia,itisoneofthetwolargestcitiesoftheCentralSavannahRiverArea.ItispartoftheAugusta-RichmondCountyMetropolitanStatisticalArea.AikenishometotheUniversityofSouthCarolinaatAiken.Thepopulationwas25,337atthe2000census.AikenwasrecognizedwiththeAll-AmericaCityAwardin1997bytheNationalCivicLeague,AikenCountyCourthouse,NewportNews,NewportNewsisanindependentcityintheHamptonRoadsmetropolitanareaofVirginia.Itisatthesouth-westernendoftheVirginiaPeninsula,onthenorthshoreoftheJamesRiverextendingsoutheastfromSkiffsCreekalongmanymilesofwaterfronttotheriversmouthatNewportNewsPointontheharborofHamptonRoads.,CityCenteratOysterPoint,Marietta,MariettaisacitylocatedincentralCobbCounty,Georgia,andisitscountyseat.Asofthe2000census,thecityhadatotalpopulationof58,748,makingitoneofmetroAtlantaslargestsuburbs.Censusestimatesof2008indicateapopulationof67,021.Mariettaisthethird-largestofthreeprincipalcities(bypopulation)ofandisincludedintheAtlantaSandySpringsMarietta,Georgia,metropolitanstatisticalarea,whichisincludedintheAtlanta-SandySprings-Gainesville,Georgia-Alabama(part)combinedstatisticalarea.,CobbCountycourthouseinMarietta,Meridian,MeridianisthecountyseatofLauderdaleCounty,Mississippi.ItisthesixthlargestcityinthestateandtheprincipalcityoftheMeridian,MississippiMicropolitan.StatisticalArea.Alongmajorhighways,thecityis93mi(150km)eastofJackson,MS;154mi(248km)westofBirmingham,AL;202mi(325km)northeastofNewOrleans,LA;and231mi(372km)southeastofMemphis,TN.,MeridiansGatewaytoDowntown,the22ndAveBridge,DowntownMeridianintheearly1900s,MeridianMuseumofArt,Nagadoches,NagadochesisacityinNacogdochesCounty,Texas,intheUnitedStates.The2010censusrecordedthecityspopulationtobe32,996.ItisthecountyseatofNacogdochesCountyandissituatedinEastTexas.NacogdochesisasistercityofNatchitoches,Louisiana.,HistoricdowntownNagadoches,NagadochesCityHall,NagadochesHistoricTownCenterMuseum,BatonRouge,BatonRougeisthecapitalofandsecond-largestcityinLouisiana,UnitedStates.ItislocatedinEastBatonRougeParish.BatonRougeisamajorindustrial,petrochemical,medical,andresearchcenteroftheAmericanSouth.ThePortofBatonRougeistheninthlargestintheUnitedStatesintermsoftonnageshipped,andisthefarthestupstreamMississippiRiverportcapableofhandlingPanamaxships.,BatonRougeCityHall,BatonRougeRiverCenter,Lorain,Ohio,LorainisacityinLorainCounty,Ohio,UnitedStates.ThemunicipalityislocatedinnortheasternOhioonLakeErie,atthemouthoftheBlackRiver,about30mileswestofCleveland.,Lorain,Ohio,Para.2Browngirls,Someblackpeoplehavelighterskinsthanotherblackpeoplebecauseoftheirmixedblood.Manyofthemaredescendentsofformerslaveswhowerehouseservants.Workinginthehouseratherthaninthefields,theywereclosertotheirwhiteslaveownerthanthefieldNegroes.Itwasacommonthingforawhitemastertohavebabieswithblackmaids.ThesehouseservantsusuallyfeltsuperiortofieldNegroes.,hollyhock蜀葵,Thehollyhocksh:lh:kmakeupabout60speciesoffloweringplantsinthegenusAlcea(l-ce-a)inthemallowfamilyMalvaceae,nativetosouthwestandcentralAsia.Theyarebiennialorshort-livedperennialplantsgrowingto3.5mtall,withbroad,rounded,palmatelylobedleavesandnumerousflowers,pinkoryellowinthewildspecies,ontheerectcentralstem.,PorchswingsareanAmericanclassic.(摇椅）,roostercomb:cockcomb,鸡冠花bleedingheart：acommongardenperennialplantwiththeuniqueflowerswhichresembletinypinkorwhiteheartswithdropsofbloodatthebottom荷包牡丹Ivy:常春藤mother-in-lawtonguet:atropicalperennialplant.tongue=theflowercontainsakindofliquidwhichisfatallypoisonous.Thosewhotakeasmallportionofitwillsufferfromaparalysisinvocalcords.虎尾兰snapbean:四季豆，云豆lbs:磅,Lifebuoysoap,CashmereBouquettalc,JergensLotion,DixiePeach:Thesearetoiletarticleswhichcostmoreandrepresentmoreprestige,andareusedbymiddle-classwhitepeople.,Buttercake:aplaincakemadeofflour,sugarandbutter.黄油蛋糕vanillavnl:香草secondsopranospr:n：第二女高音choirkwar：唱诗班，合唱队,Para.3land-grantcollege:政府资助的低学费大学homeeconomics:ascienceandartofhomemaking,includingnutrition,clothing,budgetingandchildcare.家政Para.5juniperdunp:杜松doorjamb:侧门壁gritsrt:白色熏谷粒,Para6,Doily:装饰性小垫,小桌布Doorknob:门把手Thelibertymagazine自由杂志:Libertywasaweekly,general-interestmagazine,originallypricedatfivecentsandsubtitled,AWeeklyforEverybody.Itceasedpublicationin1950andwasrevivedin1971.,Souffles:蛋奶酥舒芙蕾,para.10,Para.12,WashingtonIrvingSchool:itnamedaftertheAmericanauthorWashingtonIrving(1783-1859),BornApril3,1783(1783-04-03)NewYorkCityDiedNovember28,1859(1859-11-28)(aged76)Sunnyside,NewYorkOccupation:Shortstorywriter,essayist,biographer,magazineeditor,diplomatLiterary:Romanticism,WashingtonIrving,SlideMonkeybarSeesaw,Para.13,KingoftheMountain:agameinwhicheachplayerattemptstoclimbtothetopofamoundofearthandtopreventallothersfrompushingorpullinghim/heroffthetop.山大王curbstone:街边石jackknife:大型折合式刀,Laurellrl=(antiquity)asanemblemofvictorybloomer=underpantswornbywomen灯笼裤Lorainjournal洛雷周刊,Para.48,Plait:Safetypin,Para.48,saloonslun:abarwherealcoholicdrinksweresoldinthewesternUSinthepast.酒吧shotgunhouse:along,narrowhousewithroomsarrangedonebehindtheother.排房,Para.49,pewpju:alongwoodenseatinthechurch教堂内的靠背长椅clown:toactsilly小丑dimestore:five-and-ten-centstorewheresupposedlyeverythingcostsonlyafewcents.廉价商店girdle:dl:apieceofwomensunderwearwhichfitstightlyaroundherstomach,bottomandhipsandmakesherlookthinner.紧身衣,word,孙立超,P1L4glanceoff:擦过touchsth.withalightblowandmovequicklyoffatanangle,e.g.a.Everyscoldingthatboygetsjustseemstoglanceoffhimandnottochangehisbehaviorsatall.每次责骂对这个男孩似乎都不起作用，一点也没有改变他的品行。P2L2hymn:asongofpraisetoGod.赞歌P2L2sly:verycleverinthewaythatyouusetricksanddishonestytogetwhatyouwant.狡猾的，狡诈的。E.g.Slysmile/glance/wink诡秘的微笑/一瞥/眼色,P2L4soakup:吸收，迅速地汲取drawin,absorb,e.g.a.Withamemorythatseemedphonographic,MarkTwainsoakedupquicklyandeasilythecolorfullanguagethelocalpeopleused.b.Thisdevicecansoakuptheheatofthesunandstoreitupforaconsiderableperiodoftime.这种装置可以吸收太阳热并把它贮存相当长的一段时间。c.Ifyouairyourquiltonsuchawetday,itllsoakupthemoisture.如果在这么潮湿的天晒被子，被子就会把湿气都吸去。Soakupthesun(shine).沐日光浴。P3L2refinement:优雅aqualityofbeingrefined,e.g.amanlackofrefinement,P3L3soothe,(1)tomakesomeonefeelcalmerandlessanxious,upsetorangry.使平静E.g.Rockingoftensoothesacryingbaby.(2)tomakeapainlesssevere.使（痛苦等）减轻，缓和E.g.Iboughtsomemedicinetosoothemysorethroat.,P5L3Hangouttodry在外晾干P5L6Billowonhangers在衣架上迎风招展P5L9adollopof一块(食物)，一团(食物)E.g.Sheputadollopofice-creamineachbowl.她在每个碗里放了一团冰淇淋。,P6L2inviolable:nottobeviolated,dishonored.不可侵犯的E.g.Thepeoplepossessinviolablerights.人民享有不可侵犯的权利。.,P6L2stand（keep）guardover（守卫）watchover,takecareof,e.g.Thedogstoodguardoverthegatetopreventanystrangersgettingintothebarn.P6L8sparingly:节约的，贫弱的frugally,meagrelyP7L1engage:从事attracttheinterestorattention,e.g.Thefaintfootprintsonthefloorengagedtheattentionofthepolice.,P7L8Surfeit,N.toomuchofsth,esp.offoodanddrink过量,过度（尤指饮食）E.g.过量的油腻食物对你身体不好。Asurfeitofrichfoodisbadforyou.最近关于离婚的电视剧太多了。Therehasbeenasurfeitofplaysaboutdivorceonthetelevisionrecently.V.sb/oneself(with/onsth.)：providesb/oneselfwithtoomuchofsth.esp.foodsurfeitoneselfwithfruit吃水果过多,P8L2thesofthillofhair:similarexpressions:thedarkcaveofaroom;amountainofwaves/facts;agiantoftheplayer;afoolofamanP8L3seep(into,through):渗透penetrate,P11L2satiety:N.thestateofbeingsatiated.E.g.学无止境。Thereisnosatietyinstudy.P11L4bout:aperiodoftimetakenbysomeactivity.一段（工作），一次（训练），一场（疾病）E.g.aboutofshopping,P11L4seethat:makesure,takecare,e.g.a.Everynightbeforegoingtobed,shewouldgoandseethatthebackdoorwaslocked.b.Wellseethatallchildreninthevillagecangotoschool.c.Seetoitthatyourexpenditureisinproportiontoyourincome.要注意使你的支出与收入相称。P11L8abuse:虐待treatcruellyP12L3covet:觊觎e.g.covetforpopularity.Itisasintocovet.,P12telltale,adj.revealingwhatismeanttobekeptasecret.泄露秘密的。E.g.thetelltalescarsofinjectingheroin.注射过海洛因的明显疤痕。N.asign.迹象Onewhoinformsonanother;atalebearer.告密者;搬弄是非的人;(英)打小报告者。,P12L5stickaround:逗留notgoaway,stayinaplaceforaaperiodoftimeP12L13telltale:搬弄是非，泄露机密的thatmakeafactknown,esp.anunpleasantone,e.g.a.Tomwasgivenawaybythetelltalecigaretteashonthecarpet.b.Icouldseefromthetelltalelookinhereyesthatshelovedhim.,P13pickon:toblamesomeoneforsomething,esp.unfairly.E.g.为什么老板总是找我的岔？Whydoesthebossalwayspickonme?,pickout1.取出,去掉Thechildrefusestoeatthisfruitwithoutfirstpickingoutthestones.不把果核取出来,那个小孩就不会吃这水果。2.挑选,选择;选拔Theyhavepickedoutthebestitemsonthemenu.他们从菜单上选出最好的菜。3.分辨出Hepickedoutafriendsfaceinthecrowd.他在人群中认出了一位朋友的脸。4.了解;领会Ipickedoutthemeaningofthepassage.我领会了这段文章的含义。,pickup1.拾起,捡起;抬起IwouldhavepickeditupifIhadnoticedit.我如果看见的话,我早就把它拣起来了。2.使搭乘Pleasewaitattheschoolgate.Johnwillpickyouupthere.请在校门口等候,约翰会到那里接你。3.染上Hemusthavepickedupacoldhesbeguntosnuffle.他开始鼻塞,一定是感冒了。4.好转;恢复Hehaspickedupslowlysincehecameoutofhospital.他自出院以来,身体恢复得很慢,P14L1Whenthemoodstruckhim:strike:tocausetohappensuddenlyP15L1alternately:轮流的e.g.Theplayisalternatelysombreandcomical.P15L4atrecess:休息时间ashortpausebetweentheclasses;apauseforrestduringtheworkingdayoryear.e.g.a.aten-minuterecessb.Thechildrenplayedhide-andseekatrecess.,P15alternate：adj.(oftwothings)happeningorfollowingoneaftertheother（指两种事物）交替的,轮流的:E.g.apatternofalternatecirclesandsquares圆形与方形相间的图案alternatetriumphanddespair交替而来的得意与失意.,P36L1clutch,（1）seize(sb./sth.)eagerlyE.g.Heclutchedtheropewethrewtohim.（2）hold(sb./sth.)tightlyinthehand(s)E.g.玛丽把洋娃娃抱在怀里.Marywasclutchingherdolltoherchest.clutchatastraw/straws临危极力抓住渺茫的机会逃脱、救人等.clutchatsth.试图抓住某事物,P48L3hairmatted,缠结wheretheplaitshadcomeundone:hairtwistedinathickmasswheretheplaitshadbecomeloose.P48unabashed:notembarrassed,notashamedP49L3adimestore:astorewherecheaparticlesaresold廉价杂货铺,Wordsandexpressionsinparas.1353(4),Sentence,陈璐璐,paragraph2,line1Meridian.Thesoundofitopensthewindowsofaroomlikethefirstfournotesofahymn.默里迪恩,这声音听上去就像圣歌的头四个音符那样让人豁然开朗。hymn：赞美诗；圣歌,paragraph3,line1theygotoland-grantcolleges,normalschool,andlearnhowtodothewhitemansworkwithrefinement:homeeconomicstopreparehisfood;teachereducationtoinstructblackchildreninobedience;musictosoothethewearymasterandentertainhisbluntedsoul.他们就度于政府拔地建造的大学以及师范学院.他们学习如何把服务白人的工作做得更细致:学家政是为了给他们烧饭做菜;学当老师是为了教育黑人孩子顺从;学音乐是为了让疲惫的主人身心放松,为他那已麻木的灵魂提供消遣.note:1.grantcollegesanduniversitieswereoriginallyfoundedasofthe1860sbysuchgovernmentlandgrantsonconditionthattheyofferinstructioninagricultureandthemechanicalarts.TheyarenowsupportedbytheindividualStatesandtheycostlessthanthemoreprestigiousprivatecolleges.2.homeeconomics:ascienceandartofhomemaking,includingnutrition,clothing,budgeting,andchildcare,paragraph3,thelastsentenceInshort,howtogetridofthefunkiness.Thedreadfulfunkinessofpassion,thefunkinessofnature,thefunkinessofthewiderangeofhumanemotions.thisisanincompletesentence.thecompletesentencewouldbe:inshort,thewholepurposeoftheireducationistogetridofthefunkiness.Intheauthorsopinion,gettingridofthefunkinessisalienatingfromtheblackculturalheritage.thefunkinessofpassion,natureandawiderangeofhumanemotionsisdreadful.funkiness：自然原始的，朴实的，本性的，感官的，无拘束的,paragraph4,line3Thelaughthatisalittletooloud;theenunciationlittletooround;thegesturealittletoogenerous.Theyholdtheirbehindinforfearofaswaytoofree.笑声过于响亮，发音时嘴巴张的过圆，举止过于大方都需要纠正。她们紧缩臀部生怕扭动太大。paraphrase：Theymakesurethattheydontlaughtooloudly,dontspeakwiththeirmouthsopenedtooround,anddontmaketoogenerousgestures.forfearofaswaytoofree:ifawomanwalkswithafreesway,movingherbuttocksfromsidetosidetoomuch,shewillbeconsideredtobesexy.Andthisiswhatthebrowngirlstrytoavoid.Sotheyholdtheirbuttocksinwhenwalking.behind:(informal)bottom,buttockstoomuchofsth:过量，过度,paragraph11,line3Getaldinedidnottalktohim,cootohim,orindulgehiminkissingbouts,butshesawthateveryotherdesirewasfulfilled.她从不对和孩子谈笑逗乐,不柔声哄他、也不亲吻溺爱。可是孩子其他方面的要求她都务必予以满足。thissentenceshowsthatGeraldinefailedtogiveherbabytender,motherlylove.Likeatypicalbrowngirl,Geraldinedidnotallowanynaturalfeelingstoexpressthemselves.Sosheevendidntallowherbabytocry.seethat:要注意使，务必使bout:aperiodoftimetakenbysomeactivityE.g.:aboutofshopping,paragraph12,line9.hishairwascutasclosetohisscalpaspossibletoavoidanysuggestionofwool,thepartwasetchedintohishairbythebarber.他的头发减的很短，仅仅贴着头皮，这样就显不出像羊毛般卷曲的样子，发缝是理发师特意修出来的(1)inparagraph2,weseehowthebrowngirlsstraightentheirhairwithDixiePeach,andpartitontheside.GeraldinemusthavedonethistoherhairNowshewastryingtomakehersonshairappearlesslikethatofablackboybyhavinghishaircutshortsothatitwasnotlongenoughtocurluplikewool,paragraph12,lastsentenceThelinebetweencoloredandniggerwasnotalwaysclear;subtleandtelltalesignsthreatenedtoerodeit,andthewatchhadtobeconstant.有色人与黑人的界线并不总是分明，一些微妙的，能泄露秘密的迹象可能造成这一界线模糊不清，所以要时时当心才是。telltale:泄露秘密erode：逐渐毁坏，侵蚀，腐蚀,paragraph14,line1Whenthemoodstruckhim,hewouldcallachildpassingbytocomeplayontheswingsortheseesaw.Whenthemoodstruckhim:当他来情绪时（或：当他心血来潮时）paragraph33,line3Heheldthedooropenforher,smilinghisencouragement.Smilehisencouragement:他用微笑来鼓励她,paragraph35,lastsentenceThecatclawedherfaceandchestinanefforttorightitself,thenleapednimblytothefloor.那猫抓她的脸和胸，拼命想站稳，然后敏捷地跳到地面上。inaneffort:努力（做）.rightitself:torestoreitselfinanuprightorproperpositionparagraph41,line2hesawthecatstretchingitsheadandflatteningitseyes.Flattenitseyes:眯起眼睛,paragraph43,line1thecatsfreepawswerestiffened,readytograbanythingtorestorebalance,itsmouthwide,itseyesbluestreaksofhorror.那只猫没被抓住的爪子变的僵硬，时刻准备抓住任何可以使他恢复平衡的物体，它的嘴巴大张着，眼睛闪着一道道恐怖的蓝光。,paragraph43,line3Theybothfell,andinfalling,Juniorletgothecat,which,havingbeenreleasedinmid-motion,wasthrownfullforceagainstthewindow.他们俩都摔倒了，小路易到下去时撒开了抓猫的手，那猫在转了一半时突然被放开了，结果，它结结实实地摔到了窗户上,paragraph48,line2Unblinkingandunabashed,theystaredupather.Theendoftheworldlayintheireyes,andthebeginning,andallthewasteinbetween.她们既不眨眼，也不害臊，她们就这样盯着她。在她们的眼睛里可以看到世界的末日，世界的起源，以及末日与起源之间的荒芜。,RhetoricalDevices,章雅瑞,Page.121P.1L.4,Theysay“Aiken”andyouseeawhitebutterflyglanceoffafencewithatornwing.MetaphorHeretheauthorusesabutterflywithatornwingtomeanfragilebeauty.Thei