2011届中考英语专题复习一：名词导学案.doc

2011届中考英语专题复习一：名词考点导学案【学习目标】：1.通过复习，学生能清楚名词的概念和用法； 2.了解可数名词、不可数名词及名词所有格的构成及用法. 3名词变复数的方法；【学习重、难点】：名词的数及名词所有格。【学习过程】：step i 自主梳理根据名词的基本知识填空 一、名词的数名词分为_名词和_名词。可数名词有_和_两种形式。1.复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加_；（2） 以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加_；（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加_；（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词_；（5）以o结尾加-es的词有_、_、_；（6） 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变_；（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man_，woman_，tooth_，foot_，child_，mouse_.【注意：man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an englishman，two englishmen。但german不是合成词，故复数形式为 germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。】有个别名词单复数一样，例如：chinese，japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：10分钟的路程:_, 一个八岁的小女孩：_。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：shoes，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，pants等。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：physics, maths，the united states, niagara falls,news等。2不可数名词“量”的表示方法：（1）可用_, _, _,_, _等表示多少；（2）用a piece of 这类定语，如“一张纸”：a piece of paper, 如果要表示“两张纸”，则用_.二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加_，其复数形式是_，例如：一个学生的房间：_，三个学生的房间：_.2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加_，如：儿童节：_.3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：一张中国地图：_,我们国家的首都：_,花的颜色：_.5. 双重所有格，例如：我爸爸的一个朋友：_.【注意:如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：johns and marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；toms and marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：john and marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；tom and marys mother（即tom与mary是兄妹）。】step 实例解析 1.these _ have saved many childrens lives. a. woman doctors b. women doctor c. women doctors d. woman doctor该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。2.this is _ bedroom. the twin sisters like it very much. a. anne and jane b. annes and janes c. annes and jane d. anne and janes该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加s。 3.-are there any _ on the farm? -yes, there are some. a. horse b. duck c. chicken d. sheep该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。 4.-what would you like to drink, _ or orange? -orange, please. a. hamburger b. chip c. tea该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。step 中考演练一. 单项填空1- where have you been, tim? - ive been to _.a. the henry house b. the henry family c. the henrys home d. henrys2in england, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.a. food b. lunch c. breakfast d. dinner3you looked for it twice, but you havent found it. why not try _ .a. three times b. a third time c. the third time d. once4- they are thirsty. will you please give them _ ? - certainly.a. some bottles of waters b. some bottles of waterc. some bottle of water d. some bottle of waters5mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.a. tooth b. feet c. hand d. ear6there is some _ on the plate.a. cakes b. meat c. potato d. pears7in england, the last name is the _ .a. family name b. middle c. given name d. full name8the are going to fly _ to beijing.a. germen b. germany c. germanys d. germans9the_ has two _ .a. boys; watches b. boy; watch c. boy; watches d. boys; watch10the little baby has two _ already.a. tooth b. tooths c. teeth d. teeths11whats your _ for being late again?a. idea b. key c. excuse d. news12- its dangerous here. wed better go out quickly.- but i think we should let _ go out first.a. woman and children b. women and childc. woman and child d. women and children13- you can see mr. smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop. - thanks.a.entrance b.business hours c.this side up d.no smoking14are they going to have a picnic on _ ?a. childrens day b. childrenss day c. childrens day d. children day15where are the students? are they in _ ?a. the room 406 b. room 406 c. the 406 room d. 406 room二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1. weve got a lot of new _(杂志) in our school library.2. please turn to another channel（频道）, i dont like this _(节目).3. yesterday the _(航班) to london was put off because of the bad weather.4. autumn is my favourite (季节) 5. -how many _(小刀) do you have? -three.6. _(电脑)are widely used in the modern world. 7. june 1st is _(儿童) day.8. mary, would you please tell me your new _(地址) so that i can write to you.9. -does this piece of _(音乐) sound nice? -yes. its wonderful!10. may 12th is the international _(护士) day. lets say “ thanks” to them for their work.三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1. “whats your n_?” “li lei.”2. how many d_ does your uncle have?3. please close the w_. its cold outside.4. if you want study english well, you must pay attention to your p_.5. a computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6. zhang hui is very excited. he will go to japan with his p_ during the spr