Chinas auto industry of the closedloop supply chain_19398.doc

chinas auto industry of the closed-loop supply chainabstract long-term extensive mode of economic operation, making chinas rapid economic growth, but also caused environmental pollution, excessive consumption of resources, peoples health worsening series of problems. automotive industry as a new generation of emerging industries, we must learn a lesson before the cart. for the automotive industry, society and academia put forward the necessity of building a closed-loop supply chain, but in the real closed-loop supply chain, the automotive industry did not do the same abroad, the rapid development of chinas auto industry, closed-loop supply chain, the living environment can be difficult even to described. in this paper, enterprise, government (state) and the consumers point of exploring how to promote the vehicle closed-loop supply chain development in china. key words the automotive industry; closed-loop supply chain; corporate social responsibility with the economic level and increasing scientific and technological capabilities, human consumption has also increased rapidly, the required high-end products are increasingly complex. correspondingly, the energy required per unit of product, materials, processing levels. the result is a direct result of the rapid depletion of natural resources and the environment worse. the automotive industry because of its location in the industrial chain, leading to its impact a series of related products. in order to maintain its development momentum, we must cater to diverse consumers, fashion-oriented consumer demand, and constantly update the product adapt to new trends. in this trend, a single products life cycle was significantly shorter than before; at the same time, some life into the car to complete the normal end of life stage, if not promptly carry out such recycling discarded vehicles would be a serious threat to human health, pollution of natural environment and occupy large areas of land, but also constitute a security risk. the production of automotive products and accessories need to spend a lot of energy and natural resources, which are mostly non-renewable resources. it is estimated that for every scrapped car can save fuel 1t, 2.4t recycling non-ferrous metal scrap steel and 45kg. therefore, these non-renewable products, re-use is very important. in the process of recycling can not only save natural resources at the same time can significantly reduce business costs, reduce environmental pollution, reducing state investment in the natural environment. the results of all this is to promote a virtuous cycle of the overall economic environment, but also for the development of enterprises provide a high-quality soil, that is, we are now advocating to achieve a win-win situation. although at the present stage of chinas automotive industry closed-loop supply chain, provoked much discussion in the academic community, the state also proposed to support the industrial development of a number of regulations and policies, but the industrial environment is complex, backward and poor operating performance, even if the industrys state-owned enterprises operating bleak, with foreign automotive industry closed-loop supply chain, compared to the rapid development of disparities. therefore, the study closed-loop supply chain, the automotive industry driver problem, it will help the healthy development of our country. 1, the developed countries vehicle closed-loop supply chain status quo 1 u.s. auto supply chain gate rings the status quo. the united states is currently the most widely used global automotive and mature countries, the automotive recycling industry is the most advanced and developed. manifested in that it can account for advanced vehicle weight of nearly 75% of the materials re-use and recycling. now there are about 12000 u.s. auto parts recyclers. according to the united states entire life-cycle management and manufacturing principles, be able to have the value of re-use engines, motors and other components demolition refurbishment and re-sale; as the body of metal material by the crushing machine crushed into metal fragments and then shipped to steel mills, re-cast production of the new body. 2010, re-use of components will reach the original level of quality product standards. in the guide to the future recycling of scrapped cars made clear in the u.s. scrapped auto recovery utilization in 2020 to 95% target. in the u.s., the automotive industry as a whole industrial chain from the beginning of the design, production to later scrapped, recovery is very complete, the entire recycling system is also very well developed. and its related laws and regulations are very comprehensive, the recycling of chinas automobile has a very active role in learning. 2 german vehicle closed-loop supply chain, the status quo. germany in the early 90s of the last century began to increase in the automotive recycling, investment in reproduction. because of its quality products, processing technology skills were pre-design considerations of the latter part of the re-use of many of their vehicles and spare parts can be directly re-use. the implementation of modular design and takes into account the latter part of recovery, re-use, therefore, greatly reduces recovery costs and increase efficiency, really consider the whole life cycle of the vehicle and design a complete program, increased the maximum efficiency and reduce costs. this holistic design and preparation of preliminary point is we need attention and learn. on the legal side, in germany since july 1, 2002 shall come into operation used car recycling law. the act provides that: vehicle manufacturers or importers of the obligations of a free recovery of used cars must be the body in an environmentally responsible way to recycle. this eliminates the risk of foreign companies to bring the green, after all, the stringent requirements for foreign firms is not only safeguarded the countrys environmental requirements, while protecting the investment of domestic enterprises due to buzhi yu special attention, while at a disadvantage in the competition. this is another aspect reflects its careful style. in other words, the government in the formulation of policy, not only to take into account the policy objective to be met, while also taking into account the implementation of the policy will bring a negative impact on businesses and reduce their competitiveness, the greatest possible to maintain the fair market competition, do not artificially create competitive advantage or competitive disadvantage, to protect the rights of enterprises. 3 french vehicle closed-loop supply chain status quo. the french government environmental protection and resource recycling based on the idea of actively promoting the automobile recycling, renewable resources, comprehensive utilization of policies, regulations, market-oriented operation, in accordance with the individual waste treatment method and the amendment bill to resolve the following issues: (1) a clear the polluter pays principle: an obligation for enterprises of solid waste production of their own waste disposal; (2) provides that in the product design and production is necessary to consider how their life period of recovery and utilization issues; (3) require sub-regional development of waste disposal rules; (4) raise public awareness. the recycled materials include: steel, aluminum, magnesium, plastics and tires. in such a requirement, businesses and local governments must work together to complete, highlight the particularity of automotive recycling industry. entrepreneur conscience alone to promote the automotive recycling industry development and progress, is certainly unrealistic. the local government performance is not linked with the environmental management is also difficult to mobilize their enthusiasm. only local governments, businesses both voluntarily automotive recycling industry to promote development and progress, can really achieve the sound development of auto recycling industry. 4 japanese vehicle closed-loop supply chain, the status quo, japan in july 2003 by the worlds first one on the automobile recycling laws car recycling law, on january 1, 2005 formally implemented. the law provides that automobile manufacturers are committed to recycling scrap vehicles and re-use. also provides car buyers pay a 20,000 (about 1520 yuan) of the recycling processing fee. because of its consumers to share a portion of cost recovery in disguise increased the competitiveness of enterprises, relieving some domestic enterprises to support environmental protection and increased costs due to the pressure (export cars from the local government pay for the environment, so do not be charged to foreign consumers this costs). japans annual out of cars more than 5 million, while its extensive use in the manufacturing process reusable materials, separator materials, extensive use of cardboard, which is regarded as more countries in the automotive industry in particular, and its use of shell material is 0.6mm plate, the more common 0.8mm plate is not only cost savings, resources and energy, but also more fuel-efficient, highlighting their economic (reduction of safety factor is the economy of the nissan cars cost). because of its material properties, electronics, chemical ability to highlight, auto parts, almost all of the waste can be recycled, in the very limited resources and lack of japanese, this has long been taken for granted. resources, energy efficiency is the biggest of japans most proud of, and is what we need most improvement. second, chinas auto industry, closed-loop supply chain, the status quo reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download http:/ chinas auto industry, closed-loop supply chain problems mainly in the form of relatively rigid, the lack of standardized; utilization ratio of low and relatively backward technologies, chinas official waste recycling vehicles, according to state regulations for the six parts (ie engine, gearbox, front axle, after the bridge, the direction of machine, frame) must be in strict accordance with the form of material recycling, are not allowed to resell the use of. however, the domestic auto industry, closed-loop supply chain performance as a folk form, automobile recycling is actually an individual in private workshops, recycling is not standardized. any vehicle assembly sales, resulting in significant product quality problems and traffic risks. recycling enterprises, especially individual recycling companies driven by profit, so recycling used car market has become more chaotic, much less technological progress. according to incomplete statistics, chinas automobile recycling scrap dismantling enterprises has grown to more than 1,000 of them have about 700 more than the initial size, dismantling process more than 50000 employees, annual capacity of approximately 60 dismantled scrap vehicles 10000. the recovery of more than 1,000 companies in 100 vehicle dismantling enterprises accounted for less than 60 70%, and mostly manual, special equipment, tools, lack of mechanization is low, dismantling inefficient, resulting in waste of resources and dismantling site environmental pollution, can not meet the development needs. recycling scrapped cars were severely weakened, the main channel. according to statistics, the state-owned enterprises accounted for only junk cars dismantling dismantling recycling 56% of the total, nearly 40% of scrap cars into the towns and self-employed, so that a large number of scrapped cars, assembling cars to re-flow to the community, there is no one standard of quality second-hand car to give serious safety risks. specifically, chinas auto closed-loop supply chain is a series of problems is also reflected in the legal, institutional and automotive design flaws. a legal defect. although chinas automotive recycling, environmental protection, rational utilization of resources has formulated a large number of laws and issued a large number of additional documents. however, among the various laws and regulations are not based on the whole industry chain, to design the set in the middle there is a lot of loopholes and shortcomings, do not provide to the enterprise a fair, just and open competitive environment. 2 system is clearly flawed. in the past due to environmental governance and local government performance is not related to gdp growth leading to local governments to abandon the interests of the environment often occur. over time, the environment for economic development and give up control efforts, have become a natural any more. 3 automotive design flaws. in fact, not only shape the design of automotive design, research and development, but also the entire automotive product life cycle design, the final product obsolescence and recycling is also an important part and should not be ignored. third, chinas auto industry to improve closed-loop supply chain for the improvement of chinas auto industry, closed-loop supply chain problems, the theory community and the business community began to consider the industry drivers. theorists are often the starting point from a business point o