TKT考核复习资料.doc

teaching knowledge testa test of professional knowledge for englishlanguage teachershandbook_tkt wordlistthis list is indicative only. other terms may also be used in tkt.the words are entered into categories so as to help the reader. some words could fall into more than one categoryand could appear in different modules. candidates who are preparing only for one module should ensure they havean understanding of all the tkt terminology. however, to economise on space they have only been entered once.the tkt glossary contains definitions of the words in this list and can be downloaded fromwww.cambridgeesol.org/tktmodule 1concepts and terminology for describing language and language skillsgrammar5active voiceadjectiveadverbarticleaspectauxiliary verbbase form of the verbclausecollective nouncomparative adjectivecompound nounconditional (forms)conjunctionconnectorcountable noundependent prepositiondeterminerdirect speechdirect questiongerund, -ing formgrammatical structureimperativeindirect questioninfinitiveinfinitive of purpose-ing/-ed adjectiveintensifierinterrogativeirregular verbmain clausemodal verbnounobjectobject pronounpart of speechparticiple (past and present)passive voicepast simple and past continuous/progressivepast perfect simple and continuouspersonal pronounphrasepluralpossessive adjectivepossessive pronounpossessive .s. and whoseprepositionpresent perfect simple and continuouspresent simple and continuouspronounproper nounquantifierquestion tagreflexive pronounregular/irregular verbrelative clauserelative pronounreported speechreporting verbsingularsingular nounsubjectsubject-verb agreementsubordinate clausesuperlative adjectivetensethird persontime expressionuncountable nounused toverbverb patternlexisaffixaffixationantonymcollocationcompoundshomophoneidiomlexislexical setmulti-word verbphrasal verbprefixregistersuffixsynonymphonologyconnected speechconsonantcontractiondiphthongintonationlinkingmain stressminimal pairphonemephonemic scriptphonemic symbolphonemic transcriptionrhymerhythmsentence stressstressstrong formssyllablevoiced/unvoiced soundvowelweak formsword stressfunctionsaccepting an invitationappropriacyappropriatecolloquialdeclining an invitationenquiringexpressing abilityformal/informalfunctionfunctional exponentgreetinginappropriateinformalinstructinginvitinglevel of formalitynegotiatingneutralpredictingrefusing an invitationrequesting, making a (polite) requestspeculatinglanguage skillsaccuracycontextdeduce meaning from contextdevelop skillsdrafteditextensive reading/listeningfluencyinfer attitude, mood, feelingintensive reading/listeninginteractinteractioninteractiveinteractive strategieslay-outnote-takingoral fluencyparagraphparaphrasepredictionprocess writingproductive skillsproof-readread/listen for gistread/listen for detailread/listen for moodreceptive skillsre-draftscanskillskimstrategysubskillsummary, summarisetake notestext structuretopicbackground to language learninglanguage learningachievable (target, goal)acquisitionactivity-based learningattention spanauditory learnercognitiveconfidence (give, build up)consciousdeductive learningdemotivatedemotivateddevelopmental errorerrorexpectationexposeexposurefocus on formgoalsguidanceignore (errors)independent studyinductive learninginterferenceinterlanguagekinaesthetic learnerlanguage awarenesslearner autonomylearner characteristicslearner independencelearning resourceslearning strategieslearning stylelearner trainingl1/l2maturitymemorablememorisemother tonguemotivatemotivationnatural orderneedsover-applicationover-generalisationparticipationpersonalisationprocess (language)proficiencyproficientsilent periodsliptarget language cultureunmotivatedvisual learnerwork language outbackground to language teachingpresentation techniques and introductory activitiescommunicative approachesconcept checkingcontent-based learningcontextualisedefinedefinitionelicitemphasiseemphasisgesturegrammar-translation methodguided discoveryillustrate meaningintroductory activitieslexical approachmeaningfulmimepresentpresentationpresentation, practice and production (ppp)situational presentationtarget languagetask-based learning (tbl)test-teach-testtotal physical response (tpr)draft 29practice activities and tasksbrainstormcategorisecategorisationchantchoral drillcommunicative activitycontrolled practicedrillextension tasksfreer practicegap-fillguided writingice-breakerindividual drillinformation-gap activityjigsaw reading/listeningjumbled paragraphs/pictures/sentenceslabellingless-controlled, freer practicepicture storiesprioritisingproblem solvingproject workrank orderingrecord vocabularyrestricted practicereviserevisionrole-playstructural approachsubstitution table/drillsurveystasktask typetransformation drilltransformation exercisevisualisationwarmerwarm-upword mapassessment types and tasksachievement assessmentassessmentassessment criteriacloze testcontinuous assessmentdiagnosediagnostic testevaluationformative assessmentinformal assessmentlearner profilematching taskmultiple-choice questionsobjective testopen comprehension questionsoral testpeer assessmentplacement testportfolioproficiency testprogress testself-assessmentsentence completionsentence transformationsubjective testsummative assessmenttesttrue/false questionstutorialmodule 2planning and preparing a lesson or sequence of lessonslesson planningachieve aimsaimanalyse languageanticipate language problemsarouse, generate interestclass profilecomponents (of a lesson plan)consolidateenableencourageencouragementlead-inmain aimobjectivepacepeer feedbackpersonal aimpre-teach (new language)procedureraise awarenessrecyclereflect on teachingreinforcescheme of worksequenceset a question, taskset the scene, the contextstagestepstimulate discussionstudent-centredsubsidiary aimsyllabusteacher-centredteacher talking timetimetable fittimingvariedvarietyvaryselection and use of resources and materialsreference resourcesbilingual dictionaryconsultheadwordmonolingual dictionaryreference materialscoursebook and supplementary materials and activitiesactivity bookadapt (material)audio scriptauthentic materialboard gamebrochurecoursebookcrossword puzzledialoguegraded readergraphgridhandoutleafletresourcesupplementary materialtapescripttextbooktranscriptvideo clipworkbookworksheetaidschartdiceflashcardflipchartlanguage laboratorylearning centreoverhead projector (ohp)overhead transparency (oht)phonemic chartpuppetrealiaself-access centreteaching aidsvisual (aid)module 3teachers. and learners. language in the classroomclassroom functionsclarifyclarification (ask for)convey meaningfacial expressionhesitatemodelnarratepraisepromptrespondresponsecategorising learners. mistakespunctuationword orderclassroom managementteacher roles and