海上风电的基本术语(中英文对照).ppt

3.1co-directional(windandwaves)同向（风和浪）actinginthesamedirection作用在同一方向3.2Current水流aflowofwaterpastafixedlocationusuallydescribedintermsofacurrentspeedanddirection经过一个固定位置的水流，通常由流速和流向描述,Offshorewindpowertermsanddefinitions海上风电的基本术语,3.3designwave设计波浪deterministicwavewithadefinedheight,periodanddirection,usedforthedesignofanoffshorestructure.Adesignwavemaybeaccompaniedbyarequirementfortheuseofaparticularperiodicwavetheory用于海上结构物的设计，具有指定高度、周期和方向的确定性波浪。设计波浪可能要求采用特定的波浪周期理论3.4designer设计方partyorpartiesresponsibleforthedesignofanoffshorewindturbine负责海上风力发电机组设计的一方或多方3.5environmentalconditions环境条件characteristicsoftheenvironment(wind,waves,seacurrents,waterlevel,seaice,marinegrowth,scourandoverallseabedmovement,etc.)whichmayaffectthewindturbinebehaviour可能影响风力发电机组性能的环境特性（如风、浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、冲刷和整体海床运动等,3.6externalconditions(windturbines)外部条件（风力发电机组）factorsaffectingoperationofanoffshorewindturbine,includingtheenvironmentalconditions,theelectricalnetworkconditions,andotherclimaticfactors(temperature,snow,ice,etc.)影响海上风力发电机组运行的因素，包括环境条件、电网条件和其他气候因素（如温度、降雪、结冰等等）3.7extremesignificantwaveheight极端有效波高expectedvalueofthehighestsignificantwaveheight,averagedover3hours,withanannualprobability3.8extremewaveheight极端波高expectedvalueofthehighestindividualwaveheight(generallythezeroup-crossingwaveheight)withanannualprobabilityofexceedanceof1/N(“recurrenceperiod”:Nyears)最高单个波高的期望值（通常为向上跨越零点的波高），超过这个期望值的年概率为1/N（“重复周期”：N年）,3.9fasticecover固定冰盖arigidcontinuouscoveroficenotinmotion静止状态下的连续刚性冰覆盖层3.10fetch风距distanceoverwhichthewindblowsconstantlyovertheseawithapproximatelyconstantwindspeedanddirection风以近似恒定的风速和风向持续地吹过海面所经过的距离3.11foundation基础partofanoffshorewindturbinesupportstructurewhichtransferstheloadsactingonthestructureintotheseabed.DifferentfoundationconceptsareshowninFigure1togetherwiththeotherpartsofanoffshorewindturbine.海上风力发电机组的支撑结构的组成部分，能将作用在结构上的载荷传递到海床上。不同类型的海上风力发电机组基础以及其它部分如图1所示。,3.12highestastronomicaltide最高天文潮higheststillwaterlevelthatcanbeexpectedtooccurunderanycombinationofastronomicalconditionsandunderaveragemeteorologicalconditions.Stormsurges,whicharemeteorologicallygeneratedandessentiallyirregular,aresuperimposedonthetidalvariations,sothatatotalstillwaterlevelabovehighestastronomicaltidemayoccur.在任何天文条件的组合下或一般气象条件下都可以预测的最高静水位。风暴潮是气象的产物，它本质上没有规律，并与潮汐变化相互重叠，所以总静水位可能高于最高天文潮。3.13hubheight(windturbines)轮毂高度（风力发电机组）heightofthecentreofthesweptareaofthewindturbinerotorabovethemeansealevel风力发电机风轮掠扫面积的中心点距离平均海平面的高度,3.14loadeffect载荷效应effectofasingleloadorcombinationofloadsonastructuralcomponentorsystem,ernalforce,stress,strain,motionetc.单个载荷或者组合载荷对某个结构部件或整个系统产生的影响，例如内力、应力、应变、移动等等,3.15hummockedice冰丘crushediceandicefloespiledupintoridgeswhenlargeicefloesmeetwitheachotherorwitharigidobstacle,e.g.anoffshorewindturbinesupportstructure大块浮冰碰到其它浮冰或者坚硬的障碍物（例如海上风力发电机组的支撑结构）时，碎冰和浮冰堆积形成的冰丘。3.16icefloe浮冰asheetoficeinsizefrommeterstoseveralkilometers,notrigidlyfrozentoashore,stillorinmotion大小从几米到几千米的片状冰块，与岸边冻得不是很结实，可能静止不动也可能在漂移3.17icing结冰build-upofacoveroficeorfrostonpartsofanoffshorewindturbinethatcanresultinaddedloadsand/orchangedproperties在海上风力发电机组的某些组成部分上形成的冰层或霜冻，这可能引起额外载荷和/或改变特性,3.18lowestastronomicaltide最低天文潮loweststillwaterlevelthatcanbeexpectedtooccurunderanycombinationofastronomicalconditionsandunderaveragemeteorologicalconditions.Stormsurges,whicharemeteorologicallygeneratedandessentiallyirregular,aresuperimposedonthetidalvariations,sothatatotalstillwaterlevelbelowlowestastronomicaltidemayoccur.在任何天文条件的组合下或一般气象条件下都可以被预测的最低静水位。风暴潮是气象的产物，它本质上没有规律，并与潮汐变化相互重叠，所以总静水位可能低于最低天文潮。3.19manufacturer制造商partyorpartiesresponsibleforthemanufactureandconstructionofanoffshorewindturbine负责海上风力发电机组的制造和生产的一方或多方,3.20marineconditions海洋条件characteristicsofthemarineenvironment(waves,seacurrents,waterlevel,seaice,marinegrowth,seabedmovementandscour,etc.)whichmayaffectthewindturbinebehaviour可能影响风力发电机组性能的海洋环境特性（海浪、洋流、水位、海冰、海生物、海床运动和冲刷等）3.21marinegrowth海生物surfacecoatingonstructuralcomponentscausedbyplants,animalsandbacteria由动植物和细菌引起的结构部件表面上的覆盖物,3.22meansealevel平均海平面averageleveloftheseaoveraperiodoftimelongenoughtoremovevariationsduetowaves,tidesandstormsurges在能够消除海浪、潮汐和风暴潮所引起的变化的足够长的一段时间内，海平面的的平均水平3.23meanzerocrossingperiod平均跨零周期averageperiodofthezero-crossing(upordown)wavesinaseastate在某个海况下，海浪跨越零点（向上或向下）的平均周期3.24metocean海洋气象abbreviationofmeteorologicalandoceanographic是单词“气象的”（meteorological）和“海洋学的”（oceanographic）的缩写3.25multi-directional(windand/orwave)多方向（风和/或海浪）adistributionofdirections方向的分布,3.26offshorewindturbine海上风力发电机组awindturbinewithasupportstructurewhichissubjecttohydrodynamicloading支撑结构承受水动力载荷的风力发电机组3.27offshorewindturbinesite海上风力发电场场址thelocationorintendedlocationofanindividualoffshorewindturbineeitheraloneorwithinawindfarm单台海上风力发电机组或者是整个海上风电场的位置或者拟定位置3.28pilepenetration桩贯入深度verticaldistancefromtheseafloortothebottomofthepile从海底面到桩底部的垂直距离,3.29powercollectionsystem(windturbines)电力汇集系统（风力发电机组）electricsystemthatcollectsthepowerfromoneormorewindturbines.Itincludesallelectricalequipmentconnectedbetweenthewindturbineterminalsandthenetworkconnectionpoint.Foroffshorewindfarms,thepowercollectionsystemmayincludetheconnectiontoshore.从一台或多台风力发电机组汇集电能的电力系统。它包括从风力发电机端口到电网接入点之间的所有电气设备。对于海上风力发电场，电力汇集系统还可能包括与岸上电力系统的连接。3.30referenceperiod参考周期periodduringwhichstationarityisassumedforagivenstochasticprocess,forexamplewindspeed,seaelevationorresponse在此周期内，假设给定的随机过程保持稳定，例如风速、海平面上升或者响应,3.31refraction绕射processbywhichwaveenergyisredistributedasaresultofchangesinthewavepropagationvelocityduetovariationsinwaterdepthand/orcurrentvelocity由于水深和/或流速的改变将造成波浪传播速度的变化，由此引起波浪能量重新分布的过程3.32residualcurrents余流thecomponentsofacurrentotherthantidalcurrent.Themostimportantisoftenthestormsurgecurrent除去潮汐流剩下的海流。主要指风暴潮引起的海流3.33rotornacelleassembly风轮-机舱组件partofanoffshorewindturbinecarriedbythesupportstructure,referFigure1海上风力发电机组中由支撑结构支撑的部分,3.34seafloor海底interfacebetweentheseaandtheseabed海水和海床的分界面3.35seafloorslope海底坡度localgradientoftheseafloor,e.g.associatedwithabeach海底的局部梯度，例如海滩的倾斜度3.36seastate海况aconditionoftheseainwhichitsstatisticsremainstationary统计数据保持稳定的一种海洋状态,3.37seabed海床materialsbelowtheseafloorinwhichasupportstructureisfounded海底以下的物质部分，支撑结构固定在其中3.38seabedmovement海床运动movementoftheseabedduetonaturalgeologicalprocesses自然地质过程产生的海床运动3.39scour冲刷removalofseabedsoilsbycurrentsandwavesorcausedbystructuralelementsinterruptingthenaturalflowregimeabovetheseafloor由于海流或海浪，或结构中断了海底以上的固有流态引起的海床土壤流失,3.40significantwaveheight有效波高statisticalmeasureoftheheightofwavesinaseastate,definedas4*whereisthestandarddeviationoftheseasurfaceelevation.Inseastateswithonlyanarrowbandofwavefrequenciesthesignificantwaveheightisapproximatelyequaltothemeanheightofthehighestthirdofthezeroup-crossingwaves在某海况下波高的统计量，定义为4*，其中为海平面上升的标准偏差。在仅有窄带波频的海况中，有效波高近似等于上穿零点的三分之一个大波波高的平均值3.41splashzone飞溅区externalregionofsupportstructurethatisfrequentlywettedduetowavesandtidalvariations.Thisshallbedefinedasthezonebetweenthehigheststillwaterlevelwitharecurrenceperiodof1yearincreasedbythecorrespondingsignificantcrestheight,andtheloweststillwaterlevelwitharecurrence,3.42stillwaterlevel静水位abstractwaterlevelcalculatedbyincludingtheeffectsoftidesandstormsurgebutexcludingvariationsduetowaves.Stillwaterlevelcanbeabove,at,orbelowmeansealevel考虑包括潮汐和风暴潮影响但不包括波浪变化而计算出的理论水位。静水位可以高于、等于或低于平均海平面3.43stormsurge暴潮irregularmovementoftheseabroughtaboutbywindandatmosphericpressurevariations由于风和大气压变化而引起的不规则海洋运动3.44sub-structure下部结构partofanoffshorewindturbinesupportstructurewhichextendsupwardsfromtheseabedandconnectsthefoundationtothetower,referFigure1海上风力发电机组支撑结构的一部分，由海床向上延伸，连接基础与塔架，参见图1,3.45supportstructure支撑结构partofanoffshorewindturbineconsistingofthetower,sub-structureandfoundation,referFigure1海上风力发电机组的一部分，包括塔架、下部结构和基础，3.46swell涌浪seastateinwhichwavesgeneratedbywindsremotefromthesitehavetravelledtothesite,ratherthanbeinglocallygenerated远方而非场址当地风引起的波浪经过场址的一种海况3.47tidalcurrent潮流currentresultingfromtides潮汐引起的水流3.48tidalrange潮差thedistancebetweenthehighestastronomicaltideandthelowestastronomicaltide最高天文潮和最低天文潮之间的距离3.49tides潮汐regularandpredictablemovementsoftheseageneratedbyastronomicalforces由于天体引力产生的有规律且可预测的海洋运动,3.50tower塔架partofanoffshorewindturbinesupportstructurewhichconnectsthesub-structuretotherotor-nacelleassembly,referFigure1海上风力发电机支撑结构的一部分，连接下部结构和风轮-机舱组件，参见图13.51tsunami海啸longperiodseawavescausedbyrapidverticalmovementsoftheseafloor海床剧烈垂直运动引发的长期海洋波浪3.52uni-directional(windand/orwaves)单向（风和/或浪）actinginasingledirection作用于单一方向3.53waterdepth水深verticaldistancebetweentheseafloorandthestillwaterlevel海底和静水位面之间的垂直距离NO