Unit 6 Animal Intelligenceppt课件.ppt

1,Word-guessinggame,pigmonkeytigerturtlewhale,dogparrotelephantdinosaurgorilla,2,Intelligenceisthepowerof,learning,understandingandknowing;mentalability,Doyouthinktheseanimalshaveintelligence?,Rankthemaccordingtotheirintelligence.Reasons.,pigmonkeytigerturtlewhaledogparrotelephantdinosaurgorilla,3,Doyouhaveyourpersonalexperiencesaboutanimalintelligence?,Anexampleaboutanapesintelligence.,LetsfindmoreexamplesofanimalintelligencefromTextA.,TextStructure,Paras1-2,Paras3-12,Paras13,3sub-headings,Introduction,Supportingexamples,Conclusion,LetsMakeaDeal,TaleofaWhale,PrimateShellGame,1.Whatisthecontroversyaboutanimalintelligence?(Para1),Doanimalsreallyhavethoughts,whatwecallconsciousness?,2.Howdoscientistsexploreanimalintelligenceusually?(Para1),Scientistsdesignexperimentstoteachhumansigns.,6,3.Whendoestheauthorthinkanimalswillprobablydotheirbestthinking?(Para1),4.Whydidtheauthortalktopeoplelikevets,animalresearchersandzookeepers?(Para2),Becausetheyoftenencounteranimalintelligenceandcantellhimalotofrealstories.,Whenitservestheirownpurposes.,7,5.Whatisthenewwindowonanimalintelligencerevealedbythestories?(Para2),Whendealingwithcaptivityandhumans,animalsperformmentalfeats.,mentalfeats-高超的思维技能；聪明,Animalscandemonstrateintelligencewhendealingwithcaptivityandhumanbeings.,8,6.Howmanyanimalsarementionedinthetext?Whoarethey?,femalegorilla,maleorangutan,malekillerwhale,femaleorangutan,dominantmaleorangutan,Colo,Chantek,Orky,Melati,Towan,9,7.Thefirstanimal-Colo(Para3-4),human:,CharleneJendry,aconservationistattheColumbuszoo,Thestory:,Oneday,Colowas_andJendrywantedtoknowwhatitwas.Soshe_somepeanutsbutColojustgaveher_.JendryrealizedColowas_andshehadto_andgiveColoapieceofpineapple.,handlingasuspiciousobject,offered,ablankstare,negotiating,raisethestakes,10,Colosability:,tradingonethingforanother;bargaining;negotiating;makingadeal,Maintaing_withJendry,Colo_akeychaininherhand.Jendrywas_asthekeychainwasnotdangerousorvaluableandgaveColothepineapple.Buttohersurprise,Colo_thekeychainandgavehera_.Maybeshewas_ifshecouldgetabitofpineappleforeachpieceofkeychain,whygiveJendrythewholething.Colowasreallyacareful_.,eyecontact,revealed,relieved,broke,link,figuring,bargainer,11,8.Thesecondanimal-Chantek(Para5-6),human:,LynMiles,ananthropologist,IfChantekdidcleaning,hecouldearn:,1.coinstospendontreats;2.ridesinMilescar,WhatMilesdidthere:,undertakeasign-languagestudyattheUniversityofTennessee,thestemofgrapes,CoinsusedbyMiles:,plasticchipsfirst;metalchipslater,WhatChantekdidwithcoins:,1.breakplasticchipsintwo;2.findpiecesoftinfoilandtrytomakecopies.toexpandmoneysupply,MilestaughtChantek:,virtuoushabits-savingandsharing,WhatChantekshared:,12,8.Thesecondanimal-Chantek(Para5-6),Fromthetwoanimals,wecanknow:,Chanteksskill:,handlingmoney;makingadeal,Someanimalsareintelligentenoughtoknowhowtobargainwithpeople.,13,9.Thethirdanimal-Orky(Para7-10),human:,GailLaule,aconsultantonanimalbehavior,problem:,Orkysmate-Corky_ababywhalewhodidnt_atfirst.Sokeeperstookitoutofthetankby_for_.Whenworkersreturnedtheittothetankand_thestretcherafewmetersabovethewater,thebabywhalebeganto_suddenlyandmight_.Butkeeperscouldnt_thebabytohelpit.,gavebirthto,thrive,stretcher,emergencycare,halted,throwup,choke,reach,14,Fromtheabovekillerwhale,wecanknow:,Animalscanassessasituationandactaccordingly.,actionsbyOrky:,sizeup,swim,keepsteady,Orkysability:,assessing;makingjudgments;takingactions.,15,10.Thefourthanimal-Melati(Para11),human:,HelenShewman-ZookeeperofSeattlesWoodlandZoo,playingtrick/deceiving/playingshellgame,TrickplayedbyMelati:,AfterHelenShewmandroppedanorangeforMelati,Melatididnt_togetit,butshestilllookedShewmanintheeye,_herhand.ShewmanthoughttheorangemusthaverolledoffandMelaticouldntget_toit.SoShewmangaveMelatianotherorange.However,atthatmoment,shenoticedthatMelatihad_the_orangeinherotherhandonpurpose.,Melatisability:,moveaway,holdingout,access,hidden,original,16,11.Thefifthanimal-Towan(Para12),playingtrick/deceiving/playingshellgame/beingtricky.,Towansability:,retellthestorywiththewordsgiven:watchthetrick,pretend,holdhergaze,holdouthishand,hideorangeunderhisfoot.,Fromthetwoorangutans,wecanknow:,Someanimalscanplaytricks.,17,12.Whatisthefunctionoftheseanimalstories?,TosupporthispointadvancedinpartI.,13.Whatisthetopicsentenceofthelastpart?,OtherSpeciescanassesstheworldaroundthem,eveniftheirhorizonsaremorelimitedthanours.,18,TextStructure,CulturalNotes,GorillaandOrangutanKillerWhale,20,GorillaandOrangutan,Primate灵长目,humans,Chimpsorchimpanzee(黑猩猩),orangutans(猩猩),monkeys,apes,gorillas(大猩猩),21,22,Killerwhale:orca,seawolflength:about27-33feet(8-10m)weight:morethan8,000-12,000pounds(3,600-5,400kg).family:thelargestmemberofthedolphinfamily.amammallivinginwaterbreatheairthroughaholeatthetopofitshead.itistoothedandanefficientpredator.onlyenemy:humanbeing,23,24,LanguagePoints:,1.controversy2.surround3.explore4.serveonespurpose5.encounter6.reveal7.convince8.negotiate9.maintain,10.relieve11.undertake12.figureout13.extend14.expand15.insbsinterest16.assess17.negotiate18.sizeup19.deceive,25,1.Overtheyears,Ihavewrittenextensivelyaboutanimal-intelligenceexperimentsandthecontroversythatsurroundthem.(L1-3),controversy:争论，争议,Thepolicyhascausedfierce/heatedcontroversyeversinceitwasintroduced.,PhotosofextinctSouthChinatigersparkscontroversy.PeoplehaveaheatedcontroversyovertheauthenticityofphotographsofSouthChinatiger.,controversiala.有争议的,引起争议的,26,1.Overtheyears,Ihavewrittenextensivelyaboutanimal-intelligenceexperimentsandthecontroversythatsurroundthem.(L1-3),surround:beorgoallaround.围绕，包围,Thebabywassittingonthefloorsurroundedbytoys.,WhatdoyouknowaboutZhoushanCity,aprisonorabeautifulwoman?,多年来，我写了大量关于动物智能实验、以及围绕这些实验所产生的争议的文章。,27,2.Wonderingwhethertheremightbebetterwaystoexploreanimalintelligencethanexperiments.(L4),explore:1.examinethoroughly,learnabout仔细检查,研究,探究;2.探险,探测,考察,Theengineershavealreadyexploredthepossibilityofbuildingabridgeovertheriver.Thebestwaytoexplorethecountrysideisonfoot.,DoyouwanttoexploreouterspaceortheAntarcticregions?,explorationn.探测，探险；研究,28,3.theywilldotheirbestthinkingwhenitservestheirownpurposes,notwhenscientistsaskthemto(L6),serveonespurpose:tohaveuse有用,-Doyouhaveapen?-sorry,Idonthave.Canthispencilserveyourpurpose.Ihaventgotahammer,butthisstonecanservemypurpose.,29,4.theyencounterit,and.(L9),1)meetunexpectedly偶遇,邂逅v.2)meetsomethingbad,esp.adifficultyoradanger遭遇(困难,危险)v.n.asuddenmeeting突遇,(困难,危险),Onthetrain,Iencounteredanoldladywhohappenedtobeaneighborofmydaughters.,我刚开始做这工作时遇到很多困难.,IencounteredmanydifficultieswhenIfirststartedthisjob.,Theyhadanencounterwiththeenemylastnight.,30,5.ThestoriestheytellusrevealwhatImconvincedisanewwindowonanimalintelligence:thekindofmentalfeatsanimalsperformwhendealingwithcaptivityandthedominantspeciesontheplanethumans.(L6),reveal:makesthespeciallysecretknown展示,显示;泄露,透露,HewasjailedforrevealingsecretstotheRussians.,Herbiographyrevealedthatshewasnotasrichaseveryonethought.,31,5.ThestoriestheytellusrevealwhatImconvincedisanewwindowonanimalintelligence:thekindofmentalfeatsanimalsperformwhendealingwithcaptivityandthedominantspeciesontheplanethumans.(L10),convince:makesb.feelsurebytheuseofargumentorevidence使确信，使信服convincesb.ofsth,convincesb.that,Hemanagedtoconvincethejuryofhisinnocence.,Itsuselesstryingtoconvinceher(that)shedoesntneedtoloseanyweight.,32,convince:使确信，使信服convincesb.ofsth,convincesb.that,convinceda.确信的，信服的beconvincedthat/ofconvincinga.令人信服的，有说服力的,Iamconvincedthatheislying.,Ididntthinktheendingofthefilmwasveryconvincing.,我相信他在撒谎。,Imsurethat,33,5.Thestoriestheytellusreveal(whatImconvincedis)anewwindowonanimalintelligence:thekindofmentalfeatsanimalsperformwhendealingwithcaptivityandthedominantspeciesontheplanethumans.(L10),他们讲述的故事开启了我相信是研究动物智能的一扇新的窗口：即动物在对付樊笼生活和地球上的主宰物种人类时所表现的高超的思维技能/聪明。,34,6.Arrivingonthescene,JendryofferedColosomepeanuts,onlytobemetwithablankstare.(L16),only和不定式连用常构成结果状语,表示与预料相反的结果，意思是“竟然、结果”,我到了剧院后，却发现将票忘在家里了。,Igotthetheater,onlytodiscoverthatIhadlefttheticketathome.,Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.,35,7.Realizingtheywerenegotiating,Jenryraisedthestakesand.(L17),negotiate:discussinordertocometoanagreement谈判，协商,TheBushAdministrationrefusestonegotiatewiththeterrorists.,negotiationn.商议，谈判,36,8.Atthispoint,whilemaintainingeyecontact,Colo.(L18),maintain:保持，维持保养，维修（坚决）主张，强调,ThetaxidriverandhisfriendEdmaintainedtheirfriendshipforover30years.,Hemaintainedhiscarregularly.,Theaccusedmaintainedhisinnocence.,37,9.Relieveditwasnotanythingdangerous(L20),relieve:freesb.frompain,anxiety,etc;easepainetc.使减轻（痛苦、焦虑），缓解减轻压力等relievesbofsth,Iwasrelievedtohearthatyouarrivedhomesafeandsound.,Ifyouhaveaheadacheorstomachache,willyoueatdrugsormedicine?,Takingapart-timejobwouldrelieveyouofthefinancialburden.,relief-toonesrelief;believe-belief,38,10.WhygiveherthewholethingifIcan.(L22),why+动词原形和whynot+动词原形的不定式的用法,Thecentralheatingsystemseemstohavegonewrong.Youshouldcalltherepairmantocheckit.,.Whynotcalltherepairmantocheckit?,Hesmadeuphismindnottoundertakethistask.Itspointlesstoarguewithhimanymore.,Hehasmadeuphismindnottoundertakethistask.Whyarguewithhimanymore?,39,11.asignlanguagestudyundertakenby.(L26),undertake:v.1.carryout,takeupononeself(atask,etc.)从事,承担(任务)2.undertaketodosth.答应,同意,UndertakeataskUndertakeresponsibility,IundertooktoteachthechildrenEnglish.,n.undertaking工作，事业;承诺,保证charitableundertakings慈善事业,40,11.Chantekfiguredoutthatifhedid.(L27),figureout:想出,弄明白understand,reasonout,Icantfigureoutwhyhequithiswell-paidjobtoundertakesuchtediouswork,figure:外形,体形；数字；形状；身份，人物；画像,塑像n.,41,11.Buttheorangutansunderstandingofmoneyseemedtoextendfarbeyondsimpledealings.(L29),extend:v.延伸，延长伸出，伸展（身体的一部分）给予，提供,ThewetweatherextendedintoJuly.Thebabyextendedhishandstograspthetoy.Iwouldliketoextendawarmwelcometoallourvisitors.,但这头猩猩对钱币的理解似乎远远超出了简单的交易。,42,12.,butChantekdecidedhecouldexpandthemoneysupplyby.(L31),expand:v.扩大，扩张膨胀,Thebankisaimingtoexpanditsshareofthemortgagemarket.Metalexpandswhenheated.,银行旨在扩大其抵押贷款的市场份额。,43,13.Behavioristswouldsaythatanimalscooperatewhentheylearnitisintheirinteresttodoso.Thisistrue,butIdontthinkitgoesfarenough.(L41),insb.sinterest为了的利益,对有利,Itwouldbeinyourintereststoundertakethetask.,Intheinterestofsth.:forthesakeofsth.为了,为了.的利益Intheinterestofsafety,pleasedonotsmoke.,承担这一任务对你有利.,44,13.Behavioristswouldsaythatanimalscooperatewhentheylearnitisintheirinteresttodoso.Thisistrue,butIdontthinkitgoesfarenough.(L41),行为主义者会说，动物认识到合作于己有利时就会这么做。这没有错，但我觉得这一解释尚不充分。,45,14.Hewouldassessasituationandthendo.(L45),assess:v.judgethequality,importanceorworthof评估，估量,考试不是评价一个人的能力的唯一手段.,Examinationsarenottheonlymeansofassessingsomeonesability.,Theyassessedthevalueofthehouseat600,000yuan.,46,15.Apparentlysizinguptheproblem,Orky.(L54),sizeup:carefullyexamineasituationorpersoninordertomakeajudgment估量，判断,Idontlikethewaymyfathersizedupmyboyfriend.,Hesizedthesituationupataglanceandtookimmediateaction.,47,16.Orkyletthekeeperreachupandreleasethe.(L57),release:释放，解放，松开公布，发行,Physicalexerciseisagoodwayofreleasingtension.,Theprecisesalesvolumehasnotbeenreleasedyet.,releasesb.fromhissuffering免除某人的痛苦;releasesb.fromhispromise使某人不必履行诺言;,48,17.Sometimesevidenceofintelligencecanbeseeninattemptstodeceive.(L60),deceive:trytomakesbbelievesththatisfalse欺骗odoingsth.,Theydeceivedthedyingoldmanintosigninghiswill.,【近形】receive收到，接到;conceive怀孕；想象，构想;perceive察觉，理解，发觉reception;conception;perception,deceptionn.欺骗，骗局;deceptivea.骗人的，有欺骗性的,49,18.Iflifeisaboutsurvivalofaspeciesandintelligenceismeanttoservethatsurvivalthenwecantcomparewithpea-brainedseaturtles,(whichwereherelongbeforeusandsurvivedthedisaster(thatwipedoutthedinosaurs.)(L74-76),如果生命就是讲物种的生存而智慧是为了生存那么我们根本无法与大脑只有豌豆大小的海龟相提并论，海龟早在人类出现很久之前便已存在，并经历了使恐龙灭绝的重大灾难而生存下来。,50,19.Still,itiscomfortingtorealizethatotherspeciesbesidesourowncanstandbackandassesstheworldaroundthem,eveniftheirhorizonsaremorelimitedthanours.(L77-79),尽管如此，想到除了我们人类，尚有其它物种，即便它们的视野比我们还狭小，却也能退后一步，清醒地审视周围的世界，不由人深感宽慰。,51,1).Makesurethatalltheexamplesarerelevantandpersuasive2).Choosetypicalexamples:choosethosemostlikelytoconvinceyourreader.,WritingStrategy-supportingatopicwithexamples,52