《句子成分Aly》PPT课件.ppt

句子成分(MembersofaSentence),(二),基本句型三：（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格，如：me，him，them等,宾语,宾语是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语，有些及物动词要求两个宾语，则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语，另一个为间接宾语。,Showme（间接宾语）yourtickets（直接宾语）,please.宾语一般用在及物动词的后面，表示行为动词所涉及的对象。,一.名词作宾语Showyourpassport,please.请出示护照。二.代词作宾语Shedidntsayanything.她什么也没说。三.数词作宾语Howmanydoyouwant?Iwanttwo.你要几个？我要两个。四.名词化的形容词作宾语Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.他们把伤员送到医院。五.不定式或ing形式作宾语Theyaskedtoseemypassport.他们要求看我的护照。六.从句作宾语Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?你把他的话写下了没有？,双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人.例如:Theygavehimawatch.这里的him是间接宾语,awatch是直接宾语这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语.,双宾语和复合宾语的区别,在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语+宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语.例如：WecallhimJack.我们叫他杰克。这里him是宾语,Jack是宾语补足语Theyappointedhimchairman.他们任命他为主席.这里的him是宾语,chairman是宾语补足语.,练习（及物动词）1.Whoknowstheanswer?谁知道答案？2.Shesmiledherthanks.她微笑表示感谢。3.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.他拒绝帮他们。4.Heenjoysreading.他喜欢看书。5.Theyatewhatwasleftover.他们吃了剩饭。6.HesaidGoodmorning.他说：早上好！7.Iwanttohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。8.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.他承认犯了错误。,基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。宾语包括直接宾语（动作的承受者或结果，一般指物）和间接宾语（表示动作是谁做的，或为谁做的，一般指认）。e.g.Theyofferedmethejob.他们把那份工作给了我。,间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如：Givemeacupoftea,please.注意：间接宾语在下列情况下常可以改为一个由to或for引起的短语。1）当直接宾语是一个人称代词时Giveittome.把它给我。（试比较：Givemethebook.）Illorderitforyou.我给你点菜。（试比较：Iorderedusthreedishes.）2）需对间接宾语加以强调时Iveboughtthisbookforyou,notformyself.,常用的接双宾语的动词有：1）介词用to的:give,show,send,bring,offer,read,pass,lend,hand,tell,return,write,pay,throw,allow,wish,teach,fetch等;2)介词用for的:make,do,spare,order,cook,sing,buy,find,get等。,练习（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3.Hebroughtyouadictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。4.Hedenieshernothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。5.Ishowedhimmypictures.我给他看我的照片6.Igavemycarawash.我洗了我的汽车。7.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.我告诉他汽车晚点了。8.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.他教我开机器。,练习（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3.Hebroughtyouadictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。4.Hedenieshernothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。5.Ishowedhimmypictures.我给他看我的照片6.Igavemycarawash.我洗了我的汽车。7.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.我告诉他汽车晚点了。8.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.他教我开机器。,基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。能作宾补的有：名词，形容词，介词短语，不定式短语，分词短语，副词等。,例如：1）名词/代词宾格+名词Thewarmadehimasoldier./战争使他成为一名战士.2）名词/代词宾格+形容词Newmethodsmakethejobeasy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.3）名词/代词宾格+介词短语Ioftenfindhimatwork./我经常发现他在工作.4）名词/代词宾格+动词不定式Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows./老师让学生们关上窗户.5）名词/代词宾格+分词Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.,6）名词/代词宾格+副词Pleasekeepthedogout.请将狗留在外面,（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1.Theyappointedhimmanager.他们任命他当经理。2.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.他们把门漆成绿色3.Thissetthemthinking.这使得他们要细想一想。4.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.他们发现那房子无人居住。5.Whatmakeshimthinkso?他怎么会这样想？6.Wesawhimout.我们送他出去7.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.他要我早点回来。8.Isawthemgettingonthebus.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。,（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1.Theyappointedhimmanager.他们任命他当经理。2.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.他们把门漆成绿色3.Thissetthemthinking.这使得他们要细想一想。4.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.他们发现那房子无人居住。5.Whatmakeshimthinkso?他怎么会这样想？6.Wesawhimout.我们送他出去7.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.他要我早点回来。8.Isawthemgettingonthebus.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。,注意：主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语：1.Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.有人最后一次看见他在河边玩。（Someonelastsawhimplayingneartheriver.（宾补）2.Hewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.有人认为他偷了钱。3.Thedoorwaspushedopen.门被推开了4.Hewascaughtcheatingintheexam.他被当场抓住考试作弊。5.Hewasmademonitor.他被选为班长。,宾语从句TheObjectClause,Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句,一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Imsorry(that)Idontknow.Weresure(that)ourteamwillwin.Imafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idontrememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?,Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?,Idontknowhowfaritistothecinema.,Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?,Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?,Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.,CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?,二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.,3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?,4.DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.,5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?Theyrenotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.Theyrenotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.,1.DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday?Doyouknow?2.Mr.SmithhavebeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.JimtoldLinTao.,Doyouknowif/whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday?,JimtoldLinTao(that)MrSmithhadbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.,3.WhichbookshouldIreadfirst?Pleasetellme.4.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Ourteachertoldusinyesterdaysclass.,PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.,Ourteachertoldus(that)lighttravelsfasterthansoundinyesterdaysclass.,1could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意事项,Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?,2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that,Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.,3.如果从句中含有or或ornot时，只能用whether而不用if,Couldyoutellmewhetherthatsafasttrainornot?Doyouknowwhetherheisrightornot?Idontcarewhetherhellstayhereornot.,Doyouknowif_backnextweek?Ifhe_back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome,4.连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：,C,Idontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?,willcome,comes,5.连词+宾语从句连词+todo,IdontknowwhatIshalldonext.Idontknowwhattodonext.Shedidntdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidntdecidewhichonetochoose.Pleasetellmewhomyoullgivetheletterto.Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.,1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that,D,A,B,C,5.Iwonder_heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.when6.Haveyoufoundout_wecandoonHainanIsland?A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether7.Lilysaid_shehadfinishedhercomposition.A.ifB.thatC.whenD.where8.Idontknow_hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whether,B,A,B,D,1.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation2.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike3.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive,C,B,D,4.Couldyoutellmewherewe_nextweek.A.wouldgoB.togoC.hadtogoD.willgo5.Couldyoutellmehowmuch_toflytoHainan?A.doitcostB.doesitcostC.itcostD.itcosts6.Thesmallchildrendontknow_.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings,D,B,D,7.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis8.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavek