《主谓致讲座》PPT课件.ppt

英语语法系列讲座,主谓一致,一致,主谓一致,句式结构与意义的一致,代词指代关系一致,名词数与格的一致,行文逻辑一致,时态一致,语法一致原则1/10,(1)单数主语即使后面带有由with;alongwith;togetherwith;like;but;except;besides;aswellas;morethan;nolessthan;ratherthan;including;inadditionto，或者非谓语动词等引导的短语，无论短语的意义是复数还是单数，它是用来修饰前面的单数主语的，谓语动词始终用单数。,Airaswellaswaterismatter.,Theteachertogetherwith5studentsisfromTongzhouDistrict.,ThesingerfollowedbyhundredsoffansisfromXian.,语法一致原则2/10,(2)用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是指同一个人，同一个事，或者同一个概念，谓语动词用单数。And后面的名词没有冠词。,Aknifeandforkisonthetable.,Thepoetandwriterhascome.(指同一个人),Mymotheranddoctorpaystoomuchattentiontomystudy.(指同一个人),Yourfriendandadviserhasagreedtolendmethismoney.(指同一个人),语法一致原则3/10,(3)用单个不定式（短语），或动名词（短语）作主语，谓语动词用单数。,Savingthepeopleismygreathappiness.,Whenandwheretoholdthemeetinghasntbeendecided.,语法一致原则4/10,(4)用and连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。,(5)eachof+复数代词，谓语动用单数。复数代词+each，谓语动词用复数。如,Eachofushassomethingtosay.,Everyboyandeverygirlishere.,Weeachhavesomethingtosay.,语法一致原则5/10,(6)None作主语，谓语可用单数，也可用复数。但当None指代不可数概念时，谓语动词用单数。,Noneofusis(are)perfect.,Noneofthisworriesme.,语法一致原则6/10,(7)名词如trousers，scissors,clothes,goods,glasses,等作主语，谓语用复数。,Mytrousersarenew.,Thescissorsaresharp.,Hisclothesaregood.,语法一致原则7/10,(8)形复意单的名词如news,means,类似physics,mathematics,economics等以ics结尾的学科名词，以及由复数形式普通名词构成的专有名词如theUnitedStates,theUnitedUnion,theNewTimes,ArabianNights,等作主语，谓语用单数。,Thenewssoundsexciting.,ArabianNightsisworthreading,语法一致原则8/10,(9)“a+名词+andahalf”，“oneandahalf+名词”，“thenumberof+名词”等作主语时，谓语用单数。,Thenumberofthewildanimalsheredecreasessharply.,Oneandahalfapplehasgonebad.,Anumberofthewildanimalsherearedangerous.,语法一致原则9/10,(10)百分数或分数+of+单数可数名词(或不可数名词)谓语用单数;百分数或分数+of+复数名词，谓语用复数。,FiftypercentofthestudentsarefromTongzhouDistrict.,Thirtypercentofthewaterinthelakehasbeenpolluted.,语法一致原则10/10,Morethanonepersonherehasbeeninfectedwiththedisease.,(11)由morethanone,manya修饰单数名词,thenum-berof修饰复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数.,Thenumberofmistakeswassurprising.注意:anumberof修饰主语，谓语用复数.,注意:more+复数名词+thanone+和morethanone+单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者谓语用作复数，后者谓语用作单数。,Morestudentsthanonewerepunished.Morethanonestudentwaspunished.,Manyastudentwaspunished.Manystudentswerepunished.,意义一致原则1/9,不定代词all,most,some,或therest;theremainder等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于他们所指代的名词。,Mostoftheappleswereeatenbythem.,Mostoftheappleisrotten.,意义一致原则2/9,(2)“the+形容词（分词）”，“the+形容词比较级（最高级）”，表示一类人谓语动词用复数，表概念或单个人，谓语动词用单数。,Thericharealwaystheadvocatorofgoodmanners.,ThericherisTomandtherichestisJake.,Thekindisdesiredbyeveryone.,意义一致原则3/9,(3)两个习惯上被看成一个概念用and连接的名词(包括两个不定式、两个动名词)，例如，breadandbutter;knifeandfork;warandpeace;whiskyandsoda;acartandahorse;awatchandchain;timeandtide岁月作主语，谓语动词用单数。,Brownbreadandbutterisusuallyeatenwithsmokedsalmon.,Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.,Togetupearlyandtogotosleepearlyisgoodforyourhealth.,意义一致原则4/9,Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.,(4)不定数量的词组，如partof;alotof;lotsof等修饰名词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数。,Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythemouse.,意义一致原则5/9,Tenmilesisagooddistance.,(5)表示时间,距离,金钱,度量等名词做主语时,意义上是单数概念,谓语动词选用单数形式.,Onethousanddollarsisadropintheoceanforhim.,Twoweeksisenoughforsuchajob.,Whenwellgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.,意义一致原则6/9,Whattheyneedaremorepeople.,(6)从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数,但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。,Whathesaysandwhathedoesdonotagree.,Whatweneedismoretime.,(7)某些集体名词,如family,team,class,club,company,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,population,audience,committee,crew,作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。,Hisfamilywasabigfamily.,Hisfamilyalllovemusic.,ThepopulationinChinaisverylarge,andeightyofthepopulationinChinaarefarmers.,意义一致原则7/9,意义一致原则8/9,Thepoliceweartheblackinwinter.,(8)英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。,Somepeoplespendalotofmoneyonclothes.,Cattleareraisedeverywherebythefarmers.,意义一致原则9/9,(9)名词所有格作主语,是它之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等.作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。,但是，如果它指的是商店,则谓语动词用复数。,Myunclesisnotfarfromhere.,Richardsonshavealotofimportedgoods.,就近一致原则,Oneorperhapsmorepagesaremissing.,Areyouorhetodrive?,即谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。,EitherthegirlortheboyisinCanada.,NeitherhenorIknowtheanswer.,NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMaryaretiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.,Wassheoryouthere?,考查重点1-主谓一致在倒装句中,在here,there,where引导的倒装句中,有时主语不止一个,此时谓语动词的单复数取决于和它临近的部分.,Herearetwoapplesandanorangeforyou.,Hereisanorangeandtwoapplesforyou.,Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhenyouareaway?,Whereareyourchildrenandyourwifetostaywhenyouaway?,考查重点2-主谓一致在定语从句中,在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句”结构中,one前有theonly修饰时,从句谓语用单数形式,one前没有theonly修饰时,从句谓语用复数形式.,Heistheonlyoneoftheofficerswhohasbeeninvitedtotheparty.,Heisoneoftheofficerswhohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.,重点考查3-在kind/sort/typeof的结构中,Akindof+名词(无论单复)做主语,谓语均为单数.,Thereisakindofroseinthegardenfillstheairwith