同等学力硕士英语完型常用词汇辨析.doc

同等学力硕士英语完型常用词汇辨析27Part 11be absorbed in 专心于by accident 偶然 account for 说明on account of 因为，由于2. in addition 另外in addition to 除之外 3as for 至于，就方面说as if 好像，仿佛as though 好像，仿佛as to 至于，关于as well 也，一样aside from 除以外4. back off 放，让步，退却 back up 支持，援助5get the best of 胜过 make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理 for the better 好转，改善 get the better of 打败，智胜6break off 断绝，结束 break out 突发，爆发break through 突破break up 终止，结束， 打碎catch ones breach 屏息7bring about 带来，造成bring down 打倒，挫伤bring forth 产生，提出bring forward 提出bring out 使出现，公布bring to 使恢复知觉bring up 教育，培养，使成长8.call for 邀请，要求，需要call forth 唤起，引起call off 放弃，取消call on/upon 访问， call up 召集，动员9inanycase 无论如何，总之incase 假如，万一inno case 绝不10catchon 理解，明白catchupwith 追上，赶上 11check in 办理登记手续checkou 结帐后离开；检验，核查checkupon 校对，检查 12. comeoff 实现，成功，奏效comeon 请，来吧，发展comeout 出版，出现，显露；结果是comeround/around 来访，苏醒comethrough 经历，脱险cometo 总计，达到cometrue 实现，达到comeup 走近，发生comeupto 达到，符合comeupwith 提出，提供13in consequence 因此，结果in consequence of 由于的缘故14cross out 删去，取消15on cue 恰好在这个时候take ones cue from 学的样，听的劝告16cut across 走捷径，抄近路cut back 削减，降低cut down 削减，减少cut in 插嘴，打断cut out 删除17derive from 导出；由来in detail 详细地die down 渐渐消失，平息die off 相继死去die out 消失，灭绝be on a diet 节食18draw up 写出，画出；草拟；停住19drop by 顺便未访drop off 减弱，减少drop out 退出，离队20dwell on 凝思，详述21at all events 无论如何 in any event 无论如何in the event of 万一，如果发生22in excess of 超过23. fall behind 落后fall back on 求助于，转而依靠fall in with 符合，与一致24. in favor of 有利于，赞成，支持25feed in 输入be fed up with 感到厌烦feel like 欲，想要26in force 有效，实施中27and so forth 等等28get along with 进展；相处融洽；生活，过活get away 逃脱，离开get down to 开始，着手get in 进入；收获，收集get into 进入，陷入get off 离开，动身，开始get out of 逃避，改掉get over 克服get the better of 占上风，胜过get through 结束，完成；接通电话 29. give away 泄露；分送give back 送还，恢复give in 投降，屈服give off 放出，释放give out 分发，放出give up 停止，放弃give way to 给让路，被代替30. go after 追求go ahead 开始，前进，领先go along with 陪同前往，随行go by 过去go for 支持，拥护go into 进入；研究，调查go off 爆炸，发射；动身，离开go on 继续，发生go over 检查，复习，重温go through 经历，经受；详细检查go with 伴随，与协调31. hand down 留传下来，传给hand in 交上，递交hand in hand 手拉着手，联合hand on 传下来，依次传递hand out 分发，散发hand over 交出，移交in hand 在控制中on the other hand 另一方面hang about 闲荡，徘徊hang on 继续下去，等一下hang up 挂断(电话)32.hardlywhen 刚一就33hold back 踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制hold on 继续，握住不放hold on to 紧紧抓住，坚持hold up 举起，承载；阻挡34if only 要是多好35at intervals 不时，时时36keep back 阻止，阻挡；隐瞒，保留keep down 控制，压制，镇压；压低keep from 使不做keep off 不接近，避开keep on 继续不断，保持keep out of 躲开，置身之外keep to 坚持，保持keep up 保持，维持，坚持keep up with 跟上37knock down 撞倒，击倒knock out 击倒，击昏38at large 一般；大体上39lay aside 把搁置一边lay down 放下；制定lay off 解雇lay out 安排，布置；陈列，展示40at length 最后；详细地no less than 不少于，不亚于， 和一样41let down 放下，降低；使失望let go 放开，松手let in 让进入，放进来let off 放(炮，烟火)，开(枪)；免除let out 放掉，发出42cast light on/upon 使明白，阐明43. little by little 逐渐地44. live on/ by 靠生活，以为食live through 度过，经受过live up to 做到，不辜负45. look after 照管，照料look at 看望，注视look back 回顾，回头看look down on 看不起，轻视look for 寻找，寻求look forward to 盼望，期待look into 调查，观察look on 旁观，观看look out 留神，注意，警惕look over 检查，查看，调查look through 仔细查看，浏览，温习look up to 尊敬，敬仰46. at a loss 困惑，不知所措47. make for 走向，驶向；有利于48. make up for 补偿，弥补49. by all means 无论如何，必定by means of 借助于，用by no means 决不50. at the moment 现在，此刻for a moment 片刻，一会儿for the moment 现在，暂时in a moment 立刻，马上Part 2 1 abide, adhere, conform, comply这四个研究生入学考试中的高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同。abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。I will abide by the director decision.我将遵从主任的决定。adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。2。 abnormal, uncommon, disordered这三个单词都有“反常的”之意，在考研和CET-6当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。We couldnt understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。3。 abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。4 abstract, digest, outline, summary这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思。abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要。digest n. (篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。Readers Digest读者文摘outline n.要点，大纲，概要。She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。5 absurd, ridiculous, silly这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。a silly little boy傻小子 6abundant, plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。abundant a. (数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。7 accent, tone, dialect这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言8 access, assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。access n.接近，进入。The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。assess v.评估(财产，价值)。I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。9 accommodate, afford, furnish这一组动词都有“提供”的意思。accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。The company accommodated the customers wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We cant afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。10 accomplishment, attainment, achievement这三个名词都有“成就”的意思。accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数)；达到，到达。a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。11 accuse, charge两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure 这一组动词都有获得，取得的意思，在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调一经获得就会长期持有的含义。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。earn v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？achieve v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。secure v.得到；把拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；作形容词比较常见，意为安全的。A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。12 acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure这一组动词都有获得，取得的意思，在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调一经获得就会长期持有的含义。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。earn v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？achieve v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。secure v.得到；把拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；作形容词比较常见，意为安全的。A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。 13。 acute, critical, crucial, urgent这一组形容词都有严重的，重要的意思。acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。critical a.意为关键的，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指批判性的，分析性的。It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习，则你会不及格的。crucial a.意为决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。urgent a.意为紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调紧急的状态。We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。 14 adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary这九个动词都含有调整、改变的意思。adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行；多含有控制之意。Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。rectify v.纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。Hes converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。modify v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。transform v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。 15 admit, confess, concede这几个动词都有承认的意思。admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而承认某一事实或过错。I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。confess v.供认(罪行、过错等)，含有坦白、招认的意思。He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指以退为进的承认。The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。 16 affiliate, link, attach, append这一组动词都有附加的意思。affiliate v.加入，成为一部分。an affiliated middle school一所附属中学link v.将人或物连接起来。The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。append v.增加，附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。 17 affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim这一组动词都有声称的意思。affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词。He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。assert v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。She asserted that she was innocent .她宣称自己是无辜的。allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。claim v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。proclaim v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。18. aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify 这一组动词都有加强的意思。aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固。A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩 intensify hatred加深仇恨19 alert, cautious, considerate 这一组形容词都表示小心的，谨慎的。alert a.警惕的，留神的。The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。cautious a.细心的，谨慎的。He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。considerate a.关心他人的，体贴的。He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。20 alive, live, living, lively这一组形容词都跟活有关。alive a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活着的人live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的。We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。living a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。Who is the worlds greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？living room起居室lively a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。21 alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline 这一组动词都有减少，减轻的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。22 allocate, separate, detach, divide这一组动词都有分开的意思。allocate v.分配，把拨给。The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this years budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。separate v.人为地分开，使隔离开。We separated the salad forks from the dinner fork