高考英语一轮复习 高考写作6大增分锦囊与6类背诵宝典 6大增分锦囊 2.书面表达训练三步法课件.ppt

写作进阶提升之二英语作文训练三步法,英语作文训练的三大步,第一步,文从字顺的初级阶段第二步,多悟思变的过渡阶段第三步,文质兼美的高级阶段,第一步：文从字顺的初级阶段,语言错误多，汉语式的句子多多数考生写的作文要点很全面，但是由于英语语言基础知识不扎实，语言不规范，也往往失分严重。最突出的语言错误有以下几种：（1）主谓不一致。FatherandIamgoingtovisither.Myuncleoftengotothecinemahimself.（2）时态、语态混用。Themealissonicethatweallenjoyeditverymuch.Theoldmanknockeddownbythecarandinjuredbadly.（3）句子成分残缺。Butthecarwhichpaintedreddidntstop.Theyoungmanrunninginthestreetfast.Hewouldntabletoworkouttheproblem.Weallagainstallformsofterroristactivities.,（4）习惯搭配乱用。Iverylikethenovel.Thenwesetoffdigging,plantingandwatering.（5）汉式英语。a)Thecarisyellowcolour.b)Hecostfiveyuantobuyanewdictionary.c)Recentlyourvillagehastakenplacegreatchanges.d)ThefactorybrokeoutabigfirelastSunday.e)Chinesepopulationismany.（6）名词单、复数不分。HewillgiveusatalkonAmericanfilm.Heisoneofthebestplayerinourschool.,（7）赘词现象严重。Atlast,thelostboyreturnedback.Ononeday,hewenttothecinema.（8）用词不当。Ihopeyoutohelpthegirlwithherhomework.（9）拼写和词形变化错误。Thecarhittedtheoldmananddrivedaway.Onhiswaytoschool,hesewalittlegirl.（10）前后人称不一致。Swimmingandfootballarehisfavouritesports,helikesitallhislife.Thelittlegirlusuallygoestoschoolat7inthemorning,buttodayhewaslateforschool.,（11）结构错误:a)Havingheardthenews,herheartbeatfasterandfaster.b)Hewroteabout300stories,someofthemhadbeentranslatedintoChinese.c)Weshouldteachchildrendontplayandridebikesontheroad.d)Therewerehundredsofstudentscouldntgotoschoolbecausetheywerepoor.(12)词义不清楚:a)Hemanagedtoswimacrosstheriver,butfailed.b)IvedelayedtoreturnyouthebookEnglishUsage,whichyouborrowedmetwodaysbefore.c)Iwasverydifficulttorefuseandhadtoreceiveherinvitation.,句子表达多样性的途径高考英语书面表达新的评分标准要求考生使用高级词汇、复杂句式、过渡性词语和不同的表达方式，从而增加文章的可读性和表现力。1)改变句子的语序，通过倒装某成分、倒装句、强调句、感叹句等手段实现句子形式的多样化，使句子跌宕起伏，文章生动活泼。a.Hegotupveryearlytocatchthebus.Tocatchthebus，hegotupveryearly.b.Thegirl,hungryandthirsty,wentbackhome.Thegirlwentbackhome,hungryandthirsty.c.Tomknewhismistakesonlythen.OnlythendidTomknowhismistakes.,第二步：多悟思变的过渡阶段,d.Thenewsthatourfootballteamhadwoncamesoon.Thenewscamesoonthatourfootballteamhadwon.e.Itbegantorainjustattenoclock.e.Itwasattenoclockitbegantorain.,2)用复合句（定从、状从、名词性从句、并列句等）来代替简单句，使语言由松散变凝练，增强句子的连贯性和句意的表现力，使行文更富文采。a）IwaswalkingalongParkRoadtowardstheeast.Atthattime,anelderlymancameoutoftheparkontheothersideofthestreet.IwaswalkingalongParkRoadtowardstheeastwhenanelderlymancameoutoftheparkontheothersideofthestreet.,IheardthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGames.Iwasexcited.IwasexcitedtohearthatBeijingwonthebidforthe2008OlympicGamesb)TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaostreet.ItisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.Theflat,whichisinabuildingonFangcaostreet.,isnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.c)Thisistheplace.Iworkedwiththefarmersinthepast.ThisistheplacewhereIworkedwiththefarmersinthepast.d)Marystoodinfrontofthewindow.Fromthatplaceshecouldseeherclassmatesplayingfootball.Marystoodinfrontofthewindowfromwhereshecouldseeherclassmatesplayingfootball.,3)同位语从句与写作1.IbelieveyouhavehardlyanyideahowanxiousIvebeenforyoursafety.2.Ihadlittleideaatthattimewhethertheywerewillingtogivemeahand.3.IhavehardlyanydoubtthatshecandoaswellasIcan.4.Ihavenoimpressionwhathehaddonebefore.5.Inmyopinion,thereseemstobeafearinhimthathewouldbetakeninbyus.6.Thereseemstobenopossibilitythathighoilpriceswillhaveaprofoundimpactontheworldeconomy.7.TheproblemmustbepaidattentiontothatmoreandmoreschoolchildrenareaddictedtoInternetgames.8.Yoursuggestionmadelastweekthatweworkersshouldgetapayrisehasnowbeenadopted.9.Wordcamethatourteamhadwonthegame.10.Mystudentsholdthepointthatwhatabooksaysisright.11.DadmadeapromiselastnightthatifIpassedtheexam,hewouldbuymeapresent.12.Itisaninterestingfactthatwhenmentrytodothesamethingsasnaturedoes,theyusuallyhavetodotheminadifferentway.,4)多使用短语结构来简化从句或合并短句：常见的短语结构有分词短语、介词短语、名词短语、同位语结构和独立主格结构。Itwasfine.Wewentout.Itbeingfine,wewentout.Whenyouarecrossingthestreet,youmustbeverycareful.Whencrossingthestreet,youmustbeverycareful.Ifthetreesweregivenmorewater,theywouldhavegrownbetter.Givenmorewater,theywouldhavegrownbetter.,Theyoungmancouldnthelpcryingwhenheheardthebadnews.Hearingthebadnews，theyoungmancouldnthelpcrying.Itsasmallflat.Its25squaremeters.Ithasabedroom,abathroomandakitchen.Itsasmallflatof25squaremeters,withabedroom,abathroomandakitchen.,精确词汇及高级词汇：1.Hewillbearrivingsoon.Hewillbearrivingprettysoon.2.Theypouredthewastewaterintotheriver.Theypouredthewastewaterdirectlyintotheriver.3.Hegotangry.Hegotalittlebitangry.4.Idontunderstand.Idontquiteunderstand.5.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,youcanshoutout.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,justyell.6.Theyplantedtreesaroundtheschool.Theyplantedtreesthroughoutthecampus.7.Thepolicetreatedthewhitesbetterthantheblacks.Thepolicefavoredthewhiteovertheblack.8.“Whataretheydoing?”hethought.“Whataretheydoing?”hefigured.,第三步：文质兼美的高级阶段,怎样使用较高级的词汇和“固式结构”:Becausetheweatherwasgood,ourjourneywascomfortable.Theweatherbeinggood,ourjourneywascomfortable.2.Weallthinkheisagreatman.Weallconsiderhimtobeagreatman.3.SuddenlyIthoughtoutagoodidea.Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtome.,使用排比Whetheryourtastesaremodernontraditional,sophisticatedorsimple,thereisplentyinLondonforyou.Nowadays,energycanbeobtainedthroughvarioussourcessuchasoil,coal,naturalgas,solarheat,thewindandoceantides.Wehavegottostudyhard,toenlargeourscopeofknowledge,torealizeourpotentialsandtopayforourlife.长短句交替使用，体现表达节奏美长句和短句是就句子的字数多少、形体长短而言的。长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。长句，因为使用的定语、状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，所以比较精确、严密，但使用起来不够活泼简便。短句，由于字数少，直截了当，一般比较简洁、明快、有力，但不利于表达复杂的语义内容。在具体语言活动中，最好长短句交替使用。这既体现了节奏上的要求，也是意义上的需要。例如：,Wecanimaginethebeautifulsurroundings.Therearemanytreesalongthestreets.Thereisacleanriverinthecity.Therearemanyfishesintheriver.Therearewillowtreesontheoneside.Therearesomepiecesofgrasslandontheotherside.Therearemanyflowersonthem.文中七个句子都是简单句，句型结构单一，而且句子长短同一，都在七八词左右，十分单调。下面是修改后的段落：Justimaginethebeautifulsurroundingsifwemakeourcitiesgreener.Greentreeslinethestreets.Acleanriverwindsthroughthecity,inwhichalotoffishesaround.Ontheonesidestandrowsofwillowtrees.Ontheothersideliesastretchofgrasslandsprinkledwithmanyyellowandredflowers.改写后的这段文字，有长句，也有短句，一长一短，抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了。不仅使句子长短交插，而且句型结构变化也很大，使文章流畅自然，生动活泼。,为了丰富外国留学生的生活，你校学生会将举办一次音乐周活动。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知。有关内容如下：时间：5月第一周活动：（1）演唱歌曲：流行歌曲(2)器乐演奏：古典和民间音乐（3）音乐比赛：听歌曲片段，然后猜出处地点：届时通知参加者请于4月20日前报名。注意：（1）书面通知应写成一篇连贯的短文；（2）可以适当增减细节；（3）词数100左右；（4）通知格式已为你写好。参考词汇：古典classical民间folk比赛contest乐器musical-instruments,NOTICETheStudentsUnionhasdecidedtoorganizeamusicweek.Theaimoftheactivitiesistoenrichthelivesofforeignstudents.ItwillbeheldinthefirstweekofMay.Theactivitiesincludesingingpopsongsandplayingclassicalandfolkmusic.Bringyourownmusicalinstruments,please.Amusiccontestwillbeincluded,too.Thestudentstakingpartinthecontestwilllistentoapartofasongorapieceofmusic,andthenguesswhereitcomesfrom.Ifyoudliketotakepartinthemusicweek,pleasecomeandsignupforitbeforeApril20th.Theplacefortheactivitieswillbeannouncedlater.Cometothegreatfun!StudentsUnion,过渡词的应用:有的学生在作文中使用过多的简单句，成了简单句的堆砌，句子之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。有的写复杂句时，动辄用so,and,then,but,or,however,yet等，这非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。如果合理使用过渡词，将单句前后合并，形成主次关系，就能把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、意义连贯、结构严谨。,使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。例如：Naturalresourcesareverylimited.Theywillbeexhaustedinthenearfuture.Itisnottrue.Butitbecomesamajorconcernaroundtheworld.Thisisawidelyacceptedfact.这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。Itisawidelyacceptedfact_that_thereisamajorconcernaroundtheworldwhere_theexhaustionoflimitednaturalresourcesinthenearfuture,_which_itisconsideredtobetrue.,启、承、转、合的过渡词语：(1)用于“启”的过渡词语（常用在段落或文章的开头）first,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,firstly,tostartwith,recently,now,atpresent,inrecentyears,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,atpresent,lately,currently,ItisoftensaidthatAstheproverbsaysItgoeswithoutsayingthatItisclear/obviousthatManypeopleoftenask,启、承、转、合的过渡词语：(2)用于“承”的过渡词语（通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中）second,similarly,inaddition,besides,then,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,whatisworse,forexample,forinstance,certainly,surely,obviously,inotherwords,especially,particularly,inparticular,indeed,still,third,truly,infact,atthesametime,nodoubt,ItistruethatEverybodyknowsthatIt,canbeeasilyprovedthatNoonecandenythatThereasonwhyisthatThereisnodoubtthatTotakeforanexample(instance)Whatismoreseriousisthat,启、承、转、合的过渡词语：(3)用于“转”的过渡词语（通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中）but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,inanycase,atanyrate,nevertheless,otherwise,or,orelse,while,whereas,but,despite,inspiteof,yet,instead,IdonotbelievethatPerhapsyoullaskwhyThismaybetrue，butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardtoThoughweareinbasicagreementwith,yetdifferenceswillbefound.ThatswhyIfeelthat,启、承、转、合的过渡词语：(4)用于“合”的过渡词语（通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中）inaword,ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary,therefore,asaresult,aboveall,thus,afterall,eventually,hence,inshort,inconclusion,inaword,insum,onthewhole,tosumupFromthispointofviewOnaccountofthiswecanfindthatTheresultisdependentonThus,thisisthereasonwhywemust,Exerxise:运用适当的过渡词（1）湖北卷Imv