高中英语各种从句讲解汇总.doc

高中英语从句汇总高中英语状语从句考点复习突破学案原因从句和结果原因从句除了下面A2，A3中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见A）；用because引导结果原因从句较为稳妥（参见B）。A 原因从句1 由asbecausesince 引导的原因从句：We camped there asbecausesince it was too dark to go on我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。AsBecauseSince it was too dark to go on，we camped there因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。2 in view of the fact that可用assinceseeing that来表示，但不能用because：AsSinceSeeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。AsSinceSeeing that Tom knows French，hed better do the talking既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。3 在assinceseeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替：AsSinceSeeing thatIf you dont like Bill，why did you invite him？既然如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他？注意：if so的用法：I hope Bill wont comeIf so（If you hope he wont come），why did you invite him？我希望比尔别来。如果这样（=如果你希望他不来），你为什么邀请了他？关于ifsonot，参见第347节。B 结果从句由because或as引导：The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。He was angry because we were late他生气是因为我们来晚了。As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。C 这种组合也可用so连接两个主句的形式来表示：It was too dark to go on，so we camped there天太黑了，不能继续往前走了，所以我们就在那儿露宿了。You are here，so you may as well give me a hand你们既然在这儿，不如就帮我一下。It froze hard that night，so there was ice everywhere next day那天夜里冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。也可以使用therefore，但只限用于非常正式的句子中：The Finnish delegate has not yet arrivedWe are therefore postponing We have therefore decided to postponeTherefore we are postponing the meeting芬兰代表还没有到达。我们因此要把会议推迟因此我们已决定把会议推迟因此我们要把会议推迟。（注意therefore可以放在几个不同的位置。）suchsothat引导的结果从句A such是形容词，用于形容词 名词结构之前：They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house他们有一条如此凶猛的狗，以致没人敢靠近他们家。He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep他说了这么长时间，以致在座的人都犯困了。B so是副词，用于副词和不带名词的形容词之前：The snow fell so fast that our footsteps were soon covered up雪下得这么快，以致我们的脚印很快就被雪盖住了。His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep他的讲话这么长，以致在座的人都开始犯困了。Their dog was so fierce that no one dared come near it他们的狗太凶猛了，所以没人敢靠近它。但such不能用于much和many之前，所以so可用于后跟名词的much和many之前：There was so much dust that we couldnt see what was happening灰尘太大了，使得我们看不清发生了什么事。So many people complained that they took the programme off抱怨的人太多，所以他们取消了那个节目。C 注意：sucha形容词名词可由so形容词a名词来代替，所以such a good man可由so good a man来代替。这只能在名词前面有aan的情况下使用。这种形式不常见，但有时出现在文学作品中。有时为了表示强调，so位于句首。这时后面跟动词的倒装形式：So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off暴风真可怕，把整个的屋顶全都刮飞了。让步从句它们由下列词来引导：although，though，even though，even if，no matter，however。有时也可以使用whatever。as也可以，但是只限于形容词asbe结构。AlthoughThoughEven thoughEven if you dont like him you can still be polite尽管即使纵然即使你不喜欢他，你仍可有礼貌一些。No matter what you do，dont touch this switch无论怎样，都别碰这个按钮。However rich people are，they always seem anxious to make more money无论人们多么富有，他们似乎总还渴望赚到更多的钱。However carefully you drive，you will probably have an accident eventually无论你开车多小心，最后你大概还会出车祸。Whatever you do，dont tell him that I told you this无论如何，别跟他说这件事是我告诉你的。Patient as he was，he had no intention of waiting for three hours哪怕他再有耐心，也不打算等上三个小时。may动词原形可用于假设情况：However frightened you may be yourself，you must remain outwardly calm无论你有多害怕，外表上你仍要保持冷静。may含有I accept the fact that（我接受这一事实）的意思：But hes your brother！He may be my brother but I dont trust him！可他是你的兄弟！尽管他是我的兄弟，可我不信任他！但may这样用时，是另一主句的一部分，并不属于让步从句之列。should动词原形结构可用于even if之后，正如用于条件句的if之后一样，用来表示should后面的动词原形所指的动作不太可能发生：Even if he should find out he wont do anything about it即便他发现了，他也不会采取什么行动的。比较从句A 形容词和限定动词连用时的比较：Its darker today than it was yesterday今天比昨天天色昏暗。He doesnt pay as much tax as we doas us他没我们交的税款多。He spends more than he earns他花的比挣的多。注意：that形容词是一种口语形式，表示“那么”：Will it cost100？No，it wont cost as much as（all）thatIt wont be（all）that expensiveIt wont be as expensive as that要花100英镑吗？不，花不了那么多。没那么贵。that形容词结构有时用于口语中表示very（很）的意思。B 副词和限定动词连用时的比较：He didnt play as well as we expectedas well as you（did）他打得不如我们预料的好你打得好。He sings more loudly than anyone Ive ever heardthan anyone else （does）他唱得比我听到的任何人唱得都响比任何人都声音响。You work harder than he doesthan himthan I did at your age你比他干得卖劲我在你这个年龄时干得卖劲。C 形容词和不定式或动名词连用时的比较：通常两者都可使用，但动词不定式常常用于特定的动作，动名词则用于一般情况（参见下面E）：Its sometimes as cheap to buy a new one as（it is）（to）repair the old oneBuying a new one is sometimes as cheap as repairing the old one有时买一个新的跟修理旧的一样便宜。He found that lying on the beach was just as boring as sitting in his officeHe found lying on the beach just as boring as sitting etc他发现躺在沙滩上和坐在办公室里一样没趣烦人。He thinks it（is）safer to drive himself than（to）let me driveHe thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive他认为自己开车要比让我开车更安全些。It will soon be more difficult to get a visa than it is nowGetting a visa will soon be more difficult than it is now不久之后，签证会比现在更难拿到。D 上面C所述的这种比较句式中，如asthan前面用的是动词原形，则常在asthan后面用动词原形而不用动名词。与此相同，如asthan前面用的是动名词，则在其后面一般也使用动名词，而不用动词原形，见前面的例子。位于asthan之前的限定动词thisthatwhich后面多跟动名词，虽也可跟动词不定式：Ill deliver it by hand；this will be cheaper than posting it我自己送过去，这样比邮寄要便宜。He cleaned his shoes，which was better than doing nothing他把自己的鞋擦了，这总比无事可做好。E 动词原形与would rathersooner连用（参见第297与第298节）：Most people would rather work than starve多数人宁可工作也不愿挨饿。I would resign rather than accept him as a partner我宁可辞职也不愿接受他为合伙人。时间从句A 时间从句由下列表示时间的连词来引导：after immediately tilluntilno soonerthan whenas soon as since wheneverbefore the sooner whilehardlywhen时间从句也可由the minute，the moment来引导。用when，as，while的例句，参见第331节至第333节。用before的例句，参见第195节B。B 请留意，时间从句中不用将来时态或条件时态。1 如将下列将来时态放入时间从句中，须将它变为一般时态。一般将来时：Youll be back soonIll stay till then你会很快回来，我一直等到那时。相当于：Ill stay till you get back我一直等到你回来。be going to形式：The parachutist is going to jumpSoon after he jumps his parachute will open跳伞运动员要往下跳。他刚跳之后不久，降落伞就会打开。现在进行时用做一般将来时和将来进行时：Hes arrivingHell be arriving at six他将在6点到。但是：When he arrives hell tell us all about the match等他到了，他会好好给我们讲讲那场比赛。Before he arrives Ill give the children their tea在他来到之前，我会给孩子们吃茶点的。如进行时态表示某一行动在继续，则其完全可以用在表示时间的从句中：Peter and John will be playingare playingare going to play tennis tonightWhile they are playing（during this time）well go to the beach今晚彼得和约翰要去打网球。他们打球时，我们将去海滨。2 在时间从句中，将来完成时变为现在完成时，将来完成进行时变为现在完成进行时：Ill have finished in the bathroom in a few minutes我一会儿就用完浴室了。The momentAs soon as I have finished Ill give you a call我一完事儿，就给你打电话。3 在时间从句中，条件时态变为过去时态：We knew that he would arrivewould be arriving about six我们知道他将在六点钟左右到。We knew that till he arrived nothing would be done我们知道在他到来之前，什么都干不了。但是，如when引导的是一个名词从句，后面可跟将来时态或条件时态：He said，When will the train get in？他说：“火车什么时候进站？”相当于：He asked when the train would get in他问火车什么时候进站。C since从句since从句后面常跟完成时态：Theyve moved house twice since they got marriedSince they got married，theyve moved house twice他们结婚后已搬了两次家。He said hed lived in a tent since his house burnt down他说自从他的房屋被烧毁后，他就一直住在帐篷里。Its ages since I sailedhave sailed a boat我未驾驶帆船已有好多年了。I havent sailed a boat since I left college自从我大学毕业后就没再驾驶帆船了。D after从句after从句之后常跟完成时态：AfterWhen he had rung off I remembered等他把电话挂断了之后，我才想起AfterWhen youve finished with it，hang it up你用完了之后，请把它挂起来。E hardlyscarcely when，no sooner than：The performance had hardly begun when the lights went outHardly had the performance begun when the lights went out演出刚开始就停电了。这里可以用scarcely代替hardly，但不常见。He had no sooner drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsyNo sooner had he drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsy他喝了咖啡没多一会儿，就犯困了。He no sooner earns any money than he spends itImmediately he earns any money he spends it他钱一挣到手，就花光了。注意the soonerthe sooner的用法：The sooner we start，the sooner well be there我们动身得越早，到那儿就越早。高中英语定语从句考点复习突破学案定语从句知识总结与归纳（一）高考资源网结构 限定性定语从句：先行词+关系词+定语从句非限定性定语从句：先行词，关系词+定语从句（二）关系词 关系代词：that；who；which；whose关系副词：when；where；why 说明 先行词的内容指：人；关系代词用：that；who 先行词指：物，用关系代词：which；whose表示：先行词和从句中的第一个词为从属关系，表示的；that；who；which在定语从句中做主语或宾语；关系副词：when；where；why在定语从句中做时间，地点，原因状语；表示：“在那时”；“在那里”和“为什么”The bright star which is shining just above the roof is called Sirius.The people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned in history book at all.We saw a church among the trees, whose tower（the tower of which）was clear against the blue sky.She adopted a child whose parents are dead.He came at six, when I am usually in the garden.Would you please give us a reason why you are late for class ?关系词前面可以带有介词、限定词，结构为：限定词（Both；Many；All等）of which / whom介词（in；on；at；for等）+which / whom He felt that his pupils, most of whom lived in the towns, should get to know the wonders of the countryside.This is the road by which we came.（三）先行词指“物”时，关系代词只能用that不能用which的情况，先行词的特点是：1. 先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰2. 先行词是不定代词3. 先行词有only；any；few；little；no；none；all；very 等词修饰4. 先行词既有“人”也有“物”You should hand in all that you have.The only thing that we can do is to wait patiently.This is the last train that goes to Beijing.（四）way 后面的定语从句：the way + in which / that /省略定语从句I dont understand the way in which / that / they worked out this problem.（五）as 引导的定语从句，句型：1. such 先行词as +定语从句：像一样之类的2. the same 先行词as 定语从句：和一样的3. as 定语从句，主句：正如一样He is not the same as he was.We have found such materials as are used in their factory.As is expected, he has been absent.She has read widely in Romantic literature, as appears from her essay.（六）定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词的形式一致。1. one of名词复数关系代词复数动词2. the only of 名词复数关系代词单数动词The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.考试指导（1）考查要点：关系代词关系副词；考查形式单项选择；短文改错。（2）考查难点：在定语从句中加入插入语；把先行词与定语从句分割开。（3）思路：单选在理解句子意思的基础上，分清句子结构，弄清先行词和定语从句；观察从句中所有的成分主语；宾语；状语（时间；地点；原因）改错常在定语从句部分的关系词处设错（关系代词关系副词的误用；非限定性定语从句用that引导；从句中多余代词）。同时注意根据句意和结构区分定语从句，名词从句和强调句型。【典型例题】一. 单项选择：1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play _, of course, made the others unhappy.A. who B. which C. this D. what分析：B 去掉插入语of course，后面是定语从句修饰前文描述的整个事情。2. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A. until B. that C. when D. where分析：C 先行词the hours与定语从句被back to me隔开（为保持句子平衡）；the hours在从句中做时间状语。3. Was it in the village _ we used to live in _ the accident happened ?A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which分析：B _ we used to live in是定语从句修饰the village；_ the accident happened是强调句型的其他部分；被强调部分是in the village；正常语序：The accident happened in the village which we used to live in.4. The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. what B. that C. how D. as分析：Das many of you are old enough to remember引导非限定性定语从句：正如我们大家能记住的那样，A，C与定语从句无关，that不能引导非限定性定语从句。5. We saw several natives towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _we gave some bells and glasses.A. to which B. to whom C. with which D. with whom分析：B非限定性定语从句_we gave some bells and glasses修饰one of them，从句复原为we gave some bells and glasses to one of them.所以关系代词前加介词to，关系代词指人，用whom6. Look out! Dont get close to the house _ roof is under repair.A. whose B. which C. of which D. that分析：A先行词the house与从句中的roof为所属关系，the houses roof =the roof of the house;所以用关系词whose引导，相当于：the roof of which引导的定语从句。7. We are just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.A. where B. that C. when D. which分析：A我们试图找到双方能接受的条件，使他们一起坐下来谈判。Point指“点”，“点”在这里的定语从句里做地点状语。二. 短文改错：1. For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put it in a secret place where I couldnt find.分析：先行词a secret place在定语从句中做宾语，where改成which / that.2. Everybody sleeps in the tent, that is very exciting.分析：that改为which 引导非限定性定语从句。3. Most public libraries also have a reading-room, that you can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers.分析：先行词a reading-room在定语从句里做地点状语，用where引导。That改为where.4. Im sure you will find one you like it.分析：去掉it.5. As a result, sandstorms strike us now and then, from that we suffer a lot.分析：介词后面的关系代词不能用that，改为which.【模拟试题】一. 单项选择：1. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose2. York, _ last year, is a nice old city.A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited3. Luckily, we brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which4. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him.A. who B. that C. what D. which5. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen .A. of them B. from which C. of who D. of whom6. Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.A. just finish B. am just finishingC. have just finished D. am just going to finish7. They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working8. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she _.A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing9. Im going to a pop concert with Tom. Hell _ me at eight, so I must be ready then.A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call at10. _ unforgettable experience it is to travel on a camel in the desert.A. What B. What an C. How D. How an二. 完形填空：The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can 1 from a different kind of povertymof the spirit. 2 , one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides（自杀）every year by children under 15, and one child 3 five needs psychiatric（心理）advice.There are many good things about 4 in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 5 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. 6 , the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working 7 and often shares in that work.A child 8 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the communitys 9 :helping to dig or build, look after animals or babiesmrather than 10 playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 11 playing with dolls.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the 12 children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, 13 , are provided with a watch as one of the 14 signs of growing up, so that they can 15 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows.Third World children do not usually 16 to stay indoors, still less in highrise apartments （公寓）. Instead of dangerous roads, “keep off the grass” signs and “dont speak to strangers”, there is often a sense of 17 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 18 from ten floors up. 19 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all 20 .1. A. come B. learn C. suffer D. survive2. A. As usual B. For instance C. In fact D. In other words3. A. by B. in C. to D. under4. A. childhood B. poverty C. spirit D. survival5. A. adults B. fathers C. neighbo