直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习.doc

直接引语变间接引语定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化1. 陈述句变为以 that 引导的宾语从句例： He said, “Im very glad.” He said he was very glad.2. 一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。例： He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?” He asked John could come that afternoon.3. 特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when，why, where等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句例 : He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?” He asked where Mr. Wang was. Tom says to me, “what food do you like best”. Tom asks me food I like best4. 祈使句变间接引语时，要变成ask/ tell/order sb（not）to do sth。Our parents told us“Learn English well!”我们的父母告诉我们：“把英语学好啊！” Our parents told us English well. 我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好。The teacher said to me, “Dont read that novel!” The teacher asked/ told me that novel. Our parents told us, “ Never do wrong!” 父母告诉我们：“不要做错事！”Our parents told us never to do wrong. 我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事。二、 人称的变化【点拨】人称的变化一般遵循“一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则例如： “I went to the Great Wall yesterday,” Li Hua said. Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.“Ill come to help you whenever you need my help,” he answered her. He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than his.” She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.三、时态变化 主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，总的原则是向过去推一个时态时态的变化例句一般现在时一般过去时She said, “I need a calculator.” She said that she needed a calculator.现在进行时过去进行时Jim said, “Im expecting a long distance call.” Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.一般将来时过去将来时Nancy said, “Ill call again later.” Nancy said that she would call again later.一般过去时过去完成时He said, “I took it home with me.” He said that he had taken it home with him.现在完成时过去完成时Paul said, “Our team has won the match.” Paul said that their team had won the match.过去完成时过去完成时He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” He said that he had finished his homework before supper.四、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化变化形式例句指示代词thisthatShe said, “She is coming this week.” She said that she was coming that week.thesethoseHe said, “These books are mine.” He said those books were his.时间状语nowthenHe said, “Its ten oclock now.” He said that it was ten oclock then.todaythat dayHe said, “I havent seen her today.” He said that he hadnt seen her that day.tonightthat nightShe said, “Ill come again tonight.” She said that she would go again that night.yesterdaythe day beforeHe said, “This happened yesterday.” He said that this had happened the day before.Threedays agothree days beforeShe said, “I arrived two days ago.”She said that she had arrived two days before.tomorrow the next daythe following dayShe said, “I”ll be back tomorrow.” She said that he would be back the next day.next weekthe next weekShe said, “Ill do it next week.” She said that she would do it the next week.地点状语herethereShe said, “I came here to see Tom.” She said that he had gone there to see Tom.动词come/bringgo/takeHe said, “I brought it home with me.” He said he had taken it home with him.【拓展延伸】 直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如： He says, “Im tired.” He says that he is tired. He will say, “The boy was lazy.” He will tell you that the boy was lazy. 当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。Our geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变She said, “I was born in 1995.” She said that she was born in 1995.【典型例题】（1）Can you tell me_? A. what the matter is B. what matter it is C. whats the matter D. the matter is what（2）The physics teacher said the earth _around the sun. A. is moving B. moved C. had moved D. moves【语法专练】1. Mother asked the youngest kid_with his car.A. what the matter B. What was the matterC. what the matter is D. what is the matter2. The tourist asked the guide what he_visit the next day.A. was going to B. will C. is going in D. is to3. The teacher told us that light_ faster than sound.A. traveled B. had traveled C. is traveling D.travels4. Tom hanks told his teacher that he_born in 1968.A. was B. had been C. is D. has been5. Linda asked Amy_ she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.A. that B. whether C. what D. how6. My brother said to me, “Im going to have a holiday next week.” My brother _ _ _ _going to have a holiday the next week.7. Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the room?”Mother asked me_ _ _ _ in the room.8.He asked, “ Can I borrow your bike?” He asked _ _ _ borrow my bike9.Tom said to me, “ Do you like football?” Tom asked me _ _ _football10.She said to me, “ I went over my lessons last night.” She told me _ _ _over her lessons the night before.附：Unit I 短语归纳1. 做个好朋友 to be a good friend 2. 做下列调查 make the following survey 3. 合计总分 add up the score 4. 得分 get points 5. 心烦意乱地来到学校 come to school upset 6. 不理睬铃声 ignore the bell 7. 使你那个德国朋友平静下来 calm down your German friend 8. 关心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s) 9. 松开了 get loose 10. 不得不去户外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors 11. 帮他期末考试作弊 help him cheat in the end-of-term exam 12. 列出理由make a list of reasons / list the reasons 13. 记下一连串的请求 set down a series of requests 14. 根据问卷调查 according to the questionnaire 15. 根据编辑的忠告 according to the editors advice 16. 为了分担你的困难 in order to share your difficulties / troubles 17. 与老板相爱 fall in love with the boss 18. 与我的同桌相处融洽 get along / on well with my deskmate 19. 关心青少年 be concerned about teenagers 20. 为了和老板面对面地交流 in order to communicate with the boss face to face 21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government 22. 经历了太多的战争 go through too many wars 23. 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns 24. 相邻的国家 neighboring countries直接引语变间接引语练习题一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He _ Jim that he _ sit there.10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said. She told me _ _ _ him the news.15. “I am having supper,” he said. He said that _ _ having supper.16. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that she _ _ the film.17. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.18. “Keep quiet, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ quiet.20. “Dont look out of the window,” she said.She told me _ _ _ out of the window.家庭作业1. “I am having supper,” he said.He said that _ _ having supper.2. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _ me that she _ _ the film.3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He