高一英语必修1unit5语言点.doc

单元知识梳理和能力组合知识盘点 重点词汇1.quality 质量，品质 2.willing 愿意 3.active活跃的 4.fight打仗，斗争 5.peaceful和平的，平静的 6.prison监狱 7.period时期 8.law法律 9.advise建议 10.continue继续 11.stage阶段，舞台 12.vote投票 13.attack进攻，攻击 14.position位置，职务 15.accept接受 16.equal平等的，相等的 17.educate教育 18.fear担忧，害怕 19.reward报酬，回报 20.opinion意见，看法短语1.worry about 担忧 2.be equal to 等于 3.out of work 失业 4.in trouble 在麻烦中 5.be sentenced to 被判刑 6. lose heart 灰心丧气 7.be free from 没有，不受 8.help. with. . .在某方面帮某人 9.be willing to 愿意 10.as a matter of fact 事实上 11.fight against 反抗，和斗争 12.putin prison 把投进监狱 13.set up 成立 14.blow up 炸毁 15.come to power 当权，上台 16. escape from 从逃跑 17.find out 查清楚，弄明白 18.break the law 犯法 19.beg for 乞求 20. stopfrom 阻止做 21. fall ill 生病 22. achieve ones dream 实现梦想 23. be hopeful about 对充满希望 句型1. This was a time when.这是一个.的时期。2. The first time 第一次的时候3. Only 修饰状语放句首引导倒装句4. should have done本应做某事而未做5. stop. from doing sth.阻止做某事能力拓展1. We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government. 我们被放在这样一个处境：要么承认我们不如白人重要，要么和政府作斗争。fight 短语fight +n. 与- 作战 / 打架 = fight against sth fight for 为了- 而战 fight against 与-作战 / 斗争 fight with 与-作战 / 并肩作战fight back 还击fight sb/sth off 抵抗或击退 fight about/over sth 因而争吵 例如：(1) fight a cold 抗感冒 fight a battle/ a war 打仗(2) fight off repeated enemy attacks 击退敌人一次又一次的进攻(3) fight for independence/ equal rights为了独立/平等权利而战(4) fight against poverty/ injustice 与贫穷/不公正作斗争(5) If the enemy comes, well fight back. 如果敌人来，我们将还击。(6) Two dogs are fighting over a bone. 两只狗在为一块骨头撕咬。(7) We will have to fight against difficulties. 我们将不得不与困难作斗争。2. devotedevote oneself/sth to sb/sth为某人/某事付出（时间，精力等）例如：(1) He left office to devote more time to his family. 为了给家人更多时间，他放弃了职(2) After he graduated he continued to devote himself to research. 毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。devoted adj a devoted fan/ friend/supporter 忠实的粉丝/朋友/支持者 devotedly adv. It is an army which serves the people devotedly. 这是一支忠诚地为人民服务的军队。devotion n. 深爱，忠心，虔诚She will be remembered for her selfless devotion to the cause. 她将因为对工作无私的奉献而被人们纪念。 考题一：_ to his research work, the professor cared little about any other things. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. Having devoted D. To devote 答案是B。形容词表主语的状态，在句中作原因状语。 考题二：He devoted himself _ the poor. A. helping B. helped C. to help D. to helping 答案是D。devoted oneself to 结构中to为介词，后加名词，代词或动名词。3. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went to for advice. 曼德拉就是我去向他请教的那个黑人律师。advice noun U an opinion which someone offers you about what you should do or how you should act in a particular situation: 忠告, 劝告; 建议; 指点(1) a piece of advice 一条建议(2) She gave me some good advice on how to learn English. 她就如何学英语给了我一些好的建议。 (3) I think Ill take your advice and get the green dress. 我想我会接受你的建议，买那件绿裙子。 (4) Can I give you a piece of advice? 我能给你提一条建议吗？ (5) My advice is to go by train. 我的建议是坐火车去。 (6) We went to Paris on Sarahs advice. 我们依照萨拉的建议，去了巴黎。advise verbadvise + n. advise sb. to do advise doing advise sb. on sth. advise + wh- + to do advise + that sb ( should ) + do 自测题：（1）We are often advised _ notes in class, but few do so. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took （2）My sister advised me that I _ accept the job. A. would B. might C. could D. should（3）He often advised the young workers on _ the machine and they learned quickly.A. to operate B. how operate C. how operating D. how to operate（4）I advised _ until the right time but they wouldnt listen .A. to wait B. waiting C. waited D. on wait （5）In one of his books, Marx gave some _ how to learn English. A. advices on B. advice on C. suggestion to D. suggestions ofKeys : （1）C （2）D （3）D （4）B （5）B拓展：should在虚拟语气中的用法(1). 用于主语从句中主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。常这样用的形容词有：appropriate适当的， advisable适当的，合理的， desirable理想的， important重要的insistent坚持的，natural自然的，necessary必要的，preferable优越的，strange奇怪的，urgent紧迫的，vital极其重要的常这样用的过去分词有：desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required等。例如：It is important that you (should) win the votershearts.赢得选民的心是很重要的。It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。(2). 用于表语从句和同位语从句中表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。常这样用的名词有：resolution决心，决议，pray恳求，decision决议，motion提议，suggestion建议，preference选择，proposal提议，advice劝告，recommendation推荐，desire愿望，demand要求，requirement要求，order命令，necessity必要性，request要求，idea主意、想法，例如：He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained. 他下令热情款待这些客人。His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits. 他提议我们应该除掉这些坏习惯。(3). 用于宾语从句中宾语从句中的虚拟语气某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。常这样用的动词有：ask要求，advise劝告，determine决定，decide决定，command命令，insist坚持，intend打算，prefer宁愿，propose提议，order命令，recommend推荐，request要求，require要求，suggest建议，urge主张，demand要求，desire渴望，direct命令，例如：He insisted that the meeting (should) be put off. 他要求推迟那个会议。They proposed that all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting. 他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：（should）+动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词（宾补）与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。例如：We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。Its important that he (should) learn to read. 他学会阅读是重要的。注意： suggest不表示建议，而表示暗示、表明时；insist不表示坚持要某人做某事时，而表示坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。判断改错:（错）Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 你苍白的脸表明你病了。 (错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong. 我坚持认为你错了。4. I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 我知道它会帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。equaln. 对手, 匹敌, 同辈 adj. 平等的, 胜任的 vt. 等于, 比得上习惯用语: be equal to 等于; 有.的能力勇气, 力量等, 胜任, 忍耐得住 be the equal to ones word 说到做到 be without equal 无比, 无敌 feel equal to 口能胜任, 有能力去做例句：(1)Women demand equal pay for equal work. 妇女要求同工同酬。(2)She did not feel equal to receiving visitors. 她的身体不适, 不能接见客人。(3)He is my equal in strength. 他和我力气一样大。(4)He is equaled by no one in kindness. 没有人比他更善良。5. You cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. 你不能想象罗本岛这个名字多么令我们害怕。imagine 想象；设想；认为+ (that) (1)Imagine (that) youre eating an ice cream -try to feel how cold it is. (2)They hadnt imagined (= expected) (that) it would be so difficult.+ wh- (1)Can you imagine how it feels to be blind?(2)I cant imagine what he looks like. 我想象不出他是什么长相。 + ing She imagined herself sitting in her favorite armchair back home.+ sb/sth +(to be)+adj Dont imagine yourself to be always correct. 不要以为自己总是对。imagination n. 想象力 Imagination is more important than knowledge. 想象力比知识更重要。imaginary adj. 想象中的，虚构的 All the characters in this book are imaginary. 这本书中的人物全是虚构的。imaginative adj. 富于想象力的 imaginative writers 富有想像力的作家6. It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是一个没有人从那里逃掉的监狱。escape v,n 逃脱；避免verb. + from A lion has escaped from its cage. 一只狮子从笼子里跑了。+ sth (1)She was lucky to escape serious injury. 她很幸运避免了严重的伤害。 (2)Nothing important escapes her notice / attention. 重要的事她总能注意到。+ v-ing He narrowly escaped punishment / being punished. 他侥幸逃脱了惩罚。+ sb His name escapes me (= I have forgotten his name). 我想不起他的名字了。noun: They had / made a narrow escape when their car crashed. 撞车时他们勉强逃过一劫。escaped adj. an escaped prisoner 一个逃犯7. They said the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 他们说这份工作和从新的南非政府领到的薪水是对我多年为黑人的平等权利而战的回报。 reward n;vnoun C 报偿；酬金；赏金；奖赏 (1)Theres a reward for whoever finishes first. 第一个完成的人有奖赏。 (2)The police offered a big reward for any information about the robbery. 警方为获得抢劫案的线索而重金悬赏。verb: 奖赏；给（某人）报酬(1)The company rewarded him for his years of service with a grand farewell party. 公司用一个盛大的告别会来回报他多年的服务。 (2)All his hard work was rewarded (= was made worth it) when he saw his book in print. 当他看到自己的书出版时，他所有的辛苦都得到了回报。rewarding adj. 值得做的，有益的；令人满意的It is a rewarding job. 这是个值得做的工作。8. The scientist from whom never lost heart when he was in trouble. 那位科学家在困难时从不灰心丧气。(1)heart短语lose heart 灰心, 泄气lose ones heart to 爱上, 喜欢at heart 从内心来说 heart and soul 全心全意 break ones heart 使心碎put ones heart into 把全部心思放在 learn / know by heart 记熟例句：Please dont lose heart. You still have more chances.She lost her heart to him as soon as she saw the handsome soldier.It breaks my heart to see him crying. 我看见他哭，感到很难过。He devoted himself heart and soul to his work. 他全心全意致力于工作。 (2)trouble短语in trouble 有麻烦 ask for trouble 自寻麻烦 make trouble 制造麻烦 take trouble to do sth. 费心做某事 get into trouble 遇到麻烦 have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难save / spare trouble 省去麻烦短语填空： He never came except when he was _ (有麻烦). Dont imagine that youre the only person _ (不幸). The boy _ (出事了) when he left home to live in London. Thats none of your business. Please dont _ (自寻麻烦) No trouble was _(节省) to ensure your comfort. Keys: in trouble in trouble got into trouble ask for trouble saved/spared9. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. 这件事很危险，因为如果我被抓住，我可能会被投进监狱。prison 短语be in prison 在狱中go to prison 入狱putin prison / sendto prison / throwinto prison 把投入监狱be taken to prison 被关进监狱break prison 越狱, 从狱中逃走 float vi. & vt. （使）浮动；（使）漂浮注意: 以上短语prison前不带冠词, 常见的这类名词有： bed，university，sea，class，school，hospital, home, town等，常构成固定搭配如下：circulate vt. & vi. 循环；流传go to school去上学 go to bed去睡觉 go to market去市场 go to church去做礼拜 in prison坐牢 in hospital住院 in class上课 at table进餐 at school上学prevent . from 阻止；制止考题： While he was at _ college, he took part in political activities, and was soon thrown into _ prison. A. the; / B. /; theC. /; /D. the; theadj.佛教的答案是C。第一空表示上大学，第二空表示入狱，都不要冠词。overweight adj. 超重的；体重超常的10. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. 黑人不能投票也不能选择他