主动语态和被动语态课件 (1).ppt

WhatisthePassiveVoice?,英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice),Whatisit?,A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,Weplantedthetree.,Thetreewasplantedbyus.,WespeakEnglish.,主语,谓语,宾语,Englishisspokenbyus.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。,Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。,ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态),Whentouseit?,（1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。,（2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。,这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)。,这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）,Thedictionaryiswellkept.,Thesebookwerefoundinthe1920s.,被动语态的用法:,Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.,1.强调动作的承受者;,如,TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.,2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出.,如，AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.,theStructureis,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(be+V.P.P),一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/havetobedone,Heisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。,Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是1969年写成的。,Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。,Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。,Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。,Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。,Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。,Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照顾。,2)被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如：Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday.,在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。,典型题例例1将下列句子改为被动语态。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.,主变被解题步骤:,1.找宾语-即动作的承受者,Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.,Shoes,2.判断宾语的单复数-即be动词的单复数.,arewere,3.判断动词的时态-即be动词的时态.,4.修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5.修改原句的主语-即by+主语.,bythem.,Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.,Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.,Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.,一般现在时的被动语态：,am/are/is+过去分词,Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm.,Footballallovertheworld.,Wethisterm.,isplayed,bypeople,aretaught(byMr.Green),一般过去时的被动语态：,was/were+过去分词,4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachinestomakeshoesforchildren.,TheGreatWalllongago.,Twoyearsagothosemachinesshoesforchildren.,wasbuilt(bypeople),wereused(byus)tomake,一般将来时的被动语态：,will/begoingto+be+过去分词,6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.,Adiarynextclass.,Abirthdayparty.,willbewritten(byus),isgoingtoheldbyTom,情态动词的被动语态：,must/haveto/can等+be+过去分词,8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.9.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.,Thebrokenpotteryatonce.,Ourhomework.,mustbethrownaway(byyou),hastobefinished(byus)ontime,Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.,Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.,WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.,ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.,Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom.,Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom.,2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词,Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.,Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.,Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday.,4AbycantakegoodcareofTina,TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,Hecancarrythebasketeasily.,Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim.,Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.,Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.,“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.,“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.,3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词,Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.,Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.,Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow.,Asportsmeetingisbeingheld(bythem)now.,Wehavemadetwentymorekeys,Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词,Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.,Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.,Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflastweek.,Manylettershadbeenreceivedbytheendoflastweek.,Theywouldhaveapartythenextday.,Apartywouldbehad(bythem)thenextday.,1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.,areused,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_toreturnthebookintime.,Theticketwasfound,wastold,3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.,5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He_onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers_tohelpthem.,wasmadetohave,canbe,used,7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?_atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_ourwork_today?,Weremanytreesplanted,Mustbefinished,9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)_somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_.,weweregiven,were,giventous,10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_bywomeninthisfactory.,wasasked,isdone,12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike_intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine_threetimesaday.,canbemended,mustbe,taken,14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?_thisquestionoften_about_?,isstudied,Is,talked,bythem,Answerrightorwrong,1.必须照看好孩子们。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()2.这本书是鲁迅写的。ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.(),W,R,W,R,W,R,4.这辆自行车能修吗？Canthisbikemended?()Canthisbikebemended?()5.街道已由他们清理了。Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.(),W,R,W,R,Theymadeshoesinthatfactory.Theywillmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theywouldmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theycanmakeshoesinthatfactory.Theyhavemadeshoesinthatfactory.Theyhadmadeshoesinthatfactory.Theyaremakingshoesinthatfactory.Theyweremakingshoesinthatfactory.,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化,带复合宾语的被动语态结构,（）makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.,MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome.,JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome.,watchlethavehearseenotice,一些特殊结构的被动结构:（1）感觉动词(hear,see等)改被动语态（2）使役动词(let,make等)改被动语态,如动词为make,see,hear,watch等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”。如：Isawhimfalloffthetree.Hewasseentofalloffthetree.,思考2：,12IusuallyhearhersingEnglishsongsinthemorning.Sheinthemorning.,isusuallyheardtosingEnglishsongs,14Hemakesherhorseworkallday.Herhorseallday.15.Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic.Ioutforapicnic.,ismadetowork,waslettogo,口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（hear,let，have,make,see,watch),helpsb(to)V-behelpedtoV.Hehelpedtheoldman(to)cleantheroom.Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom.,(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.,Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.,Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.,hear/watch/.,三，带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加to或for.Mymotherboughtmeanewbike.=Iwasboughtanewbikebymymother.=Anewbikewasboughtformebymymother.JackhasgivenTomabook.=AbookhasbeengiventoTombyJack.=TomhasbeengivenabookbyJack.,带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是:（1）将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)不变。（2）将直接宾语(物)变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.,BobsentKatealetterlastyear.,=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.,=AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear.,tellaskbringwritegivesendshowteachpasslend,to,HetoldJimastory.,Mummademeanewdress.,IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum.,makebuydrawsing,for,Iboughtmybrotherabook.,buy,make,get,sing,思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：,10Wegavehimsomebooks.He.Somebooks.,wasgivensomebooks(byus),weregiventohim(byus),注意:,约翰打开了收音机。,Johnturnedontheradio.,Theradiowasturnedon.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandmatakescareofmysister.,MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma.,注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.,Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.,必背！,动词短语的被动语态,takecareofbetakencareof,cutdownbecutdown,laughatbelaughedat,lookafterbelookedafter,Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.,Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.,类似的还有：Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat.,Wereport,1).不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,breakout,appear,last,start等。,*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.,*ThatbikedoesntbelongtoMike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have/fit,IhaveaTVset.,Thecoatfitsmewell.,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,Thefishtastesgood.,Thescarffeelssoft.,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter,4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,Thebooksellswell.,Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.,这书卖完了。,Thebookissoldout.,这块表需要修理一下。,Thewatchneedsmending.,=Thewatchneedstobemended.,=Weneedtomendthewatch.,want,知识运用,一、单项选择：1.Onlythirty-eightideasbythenewspaper.A.chooseB.choseC.waschosenD.werechosen2.Asusual,Meihuaat6:30thismorningbyhermothertogetreadyforschool.（2006）A.haswokenupB.wokeupC.wakesupD.waswokenup,D,D,3Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.Itwhilewewereonholiday.(2005)A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof4.AttheendofthemeetingMissGreentwominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot.(2004)A.gaveB.hadgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgiving,D,B,5.Mr.Johnsonsstorybyeveryonewhoheardit.(2003)A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedat,D,二、请把下面句子改为被动语态,1.TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouseit.Jackcarefullyhowtouseit.2.Beijingwillholdthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.The29thOlympicGamesin2008.,wasshowed,willbeheldbyBeijing,3.MissDengteachesusEnglish.4.Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat3:00yesterday.Theboy_at3:00yesterday.,WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDeng,wasseentoplaybasketball,EnglishistaughttousbyMissDeng,5.Weshouldmakeourcountrybecomemoreandmorebeautiful.Ourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.,shouldbemadetobecome,练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。,Thecomputerclubheldawritingcompetition(竞赛）.Thefastestplayerfinishedthegameineighthours.Wetookmanyphotos.Theyusethisroomforplayingtabletennis.Thebankbuiltaparkforthem.,Awritingcompetitionwasheldbythecomputerclub.,Thegamewasfinishedbythefastestplayerineighthours.,Manyphotosweretakenbyus.,Aparkwasbuiltforthembythebank.,Thisroomisusedforplayingtabletennisbythem.,中考被动语态考题1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust_dirtythingintoit.(南京市中考题）AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing2.Thisbook_often_fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题）AarenttakeawayBtakenawayCisnttakenawayDbetakenaway3.He_(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题）,wastold,5.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题）anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态7.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees_bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题）8.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_onthefarm（上海市中考题）,T,Theysentup,wereplanted,aregrown,一、选择正确答案：,1.Doyouknowwhat_?A.itcallsB.doesitcallC.itiscalledD.isitcalled2.Mylostcar_yesterday.A.willbefoundB.wasfoundC.hasfoundD.found3.Whowasthebook_?A.writtenbyB.willbewritebyC.hasbeenwrittenwithD.canbewrittenby4.AnEnglishsong_ontheradioyesterday.A.willteachB.wastaughtC.hastaughtD.canbeteach,C,B,A,B,二、用所给词的正确形式填空。(cover,invent,answer,write,return,call)1.Allthequestions_correctly.2.Morethantwothirdsoftheearth_withwater.3.OurcityBeijing.4.Allthemagazines_totheschoollibrarylastweek.5.Thisnewmechine(机器）_byMr.Blacklastyear.6.Allthewordsonthebackofthecard.,iscovered,werereturned,wasinvented,wasanswered,iscalled,arewritten,5)Exercises:一.选择填空:Windows_ofglass.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse_in2004.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan_forkeepingwarm.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.used,C,C,A,4.Watches_Shanghailastlong.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere_theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_inHangzhouandSuzhou.A.isproducedB.areproducedC.producedD.isproduces,A,A,D,A,1.Ourschool_in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust_well.(照顾)3._thisbuilding_(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook_(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge_(不建造)in1989.6.The29thOlympicGameswill_(举行)inBeijingin2008.,wasopened,belookedafter,Was,built,waswritten,wasntbuilt,beheld,用所给动词的正确形式填空：,1)Thebike_(fix)upbyXiaoMingyesterday.2)Sunglasses_(use)forprotectingpeopleseyes.3)Apicture_(put)upontheblackboard.4)French_(speak)inFrance.5)Teenagersshould_(allow)tochoosetheirownclothes.,wasfixed,areused,isput,isspoken,beallowed,练习一请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）,1Hewroteanarticlelastweek.,Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.,2Thepeoplemakehistory.,Historyismadebypeople.,3DopeopleuseChineseonlyinChina?,IsChineseusedbypeopleonlyinChina?,4Theydidntvisitthecitytwoyearsago.,Thecitywasntvisitedbythemtwoyearsago.,5Wheredidyoumakethem?,Whereweretheymadebyyou?,一用适当的形式填空1Historyis_bythepeople.(make)2Heisoften_todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)3Thebook_byhimlastyear.(write)4Theradio_lastweek.(mend)5Sometrees_onthehillthisspring.(plant)6Anewsubway_(build)nextyear.7She_(take)tothehospitalalready.8Thousandsofsatellites_(send)upintothespacesofar.9Theysaidthey_(invite)tothepartyalready.10Thetrains_(produce)inZhuzhou.11Youngtreesshould_(water)often.,made,asked,waswritten,wasmended,havebeenplanted,willbebuilt,hasbeentaken,havebeensent,hadbeeninvited,areproduced,bewatered,MultipleChoice:,1.()Ifthework_,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished,2.()Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade_intheclassroom.,4.()Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish_intotheriver.A.needntbethrownB.mustntbethrownC.cantthrowD.maynotthrow,5.()Ilikemybike.It_verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden,D,B,B,A,3.()Kate_theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.,A.haswrittenB.waswrittenC.hadwrittenD.iswriting,A.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayed,C,6.()IwontcometothepartyunlessTom_,too.YoumeanifTomcomes,youllcome.,8.()Thechildrenmust_.,9.()Thewomanstilldoesntknowwhat_inherhometown,D,D,B,A.willinviteB.invitesC.invited