英语复习题(含答案)--答案已更新.doc

Part I Structure and Vocabulary (30 minutes, 10 points) Section ADirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Each sentence has an underlined part and there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. The energy companies launched urgent studies of the Arctic environment.A. madeB. stressedC. movedD. started2. As working hours tend to get shorter and shorter, people should learn how to spend their increased leisure time in some satisfying way.A. longer hoursB. more chanceC. free timeD. happy time3. Establishment of a sound insurance system is essential for deepening economic reforms.A. accurateB. healthyC. undisturbedD. safe4. The workers at large approved of the governments policy.A. mostlyB. freelyC. happilyD. angrily5. It would take Mary some time to get over the grief at her husbands death.A. overcomeB. do withoutC. passD. deal with6. Mail service is often suspended in this country when the postal workers were on strike.A. inspectedB. uninterruptedC. delayedD. reduced7. Lifting the shoulders is a gesture that indicates lack of interest.A. NappingB. ShruggingC. SighingD. Provoking8. Electrical energy may be divided into two components specified as positive and negative.A. confusedB. designatedC. specializedD. amplified9. Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was distracted by the noise made by the rushing-in girls.A. confusedB. divertedC. attractedD. discharged10. History is thus used to justify and support national ideals and institutions.A. explainB. assistC. establishD. judgeSection BDirections:In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11. Movie directors use music to _the action on the screen.A. contaminateB. complimentC. contemplateD. complement12. The critical moment for harvest _ from year to year and from one planet to the next.A. renews B. enviesC. bafflesD. varies13. Your story about the frog turning into a prince is _ nonsense.A. sheerB. shearC. shieldD. sheet14. The political future of the president is now hanging by a _ .A. cordB. threadC. stringD. rope15. As an excellent shooter, Peter practiced aiming at both _ targets and moving targets.A. standingB. still C. stationaryD. stable16. The table was very large and heavy; in fact, it was so _ that it could not be moved. A. extravagantB. massiveC. plentifulD. exercise17. Fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, _ the same company.A. all elseB. much worseC. less likelyD. let alone18. The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased _ a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.A. manipulationB. reproductionC. circulationD. penetration19. He is _ a very old man but in fact he is only fifty. A. apparentlyB. evidentlyC. obviouslyD. actually20. It is possible to _ the Pauline arguments in terms of two directives.A. take upB. sum upC. show upD. turn up Part II Cloze Test (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Television is the most effective brainwashing medium ever invented by man. Advertisers know this to be _ (21). Children are affected by television in _ (22) we scarcely understand. In the fall of 1971, I was _ (23) a story involving a young white woman living on the fringe of Bostons black ghetto. Her car had _ (24) out of gas. She had gone to a filling station _ (25) a can and was returning to her car when she was _ (26) in an alley by a gang of black youths. The gang _ (27) gasoline over her and set fire to her. She died _ (28) her burns. It was later established _ (29) some of the youths involved had, on the night before the killing, _ (30) on television a rerun of an old movie in which a drifter is _ (31) on fire by an adolescent gang. There is some kind of strange reductive process (还原过程) at work here. To see something on television robs it _ (32) its reality, and then when the same thing is _ (33) out it is like the reenactment (重演) of something unreal._ (34) other words when the gang set fire to the girl, they were imitating _ (35) they had seen on a screen, as if they themselves were on a screen, and in a _ (36). I dont think we have _ (37) begun to realize how powerful a(n) _ (38) television. It has already _ (39) very clear that the candidate with the most television _ (40) wins the election.21. A. trueB. sincereC. dependantD. exact22. A. methodsB. waysC. directionsD. respects23. A. arrangedB. allottedC. appointedD. assigned24. A. leftB. runC. stayedD. stopped25. A. forB. byC. withD. in26. A. tracedB. followedC. trappedD. hit27. A. putB. pouredC. droppedD. sprayed28. A. of B. withC. inD. over29. A. whenB. thatC. becauseD. as30. A. lookedB. watchedC. experiencedD. gone31. A. setB. seenC. watchedD. burned32. A. ofB. fromC. byD. for33. A. actedB. playedC. putD. taken34. A.OnB. InC. ByD. At35. A. thatB. whichC. whatD. those36. A. sceneB. fictionC. televisionD. story37. A. evenB. alreadyC. muchD. little38. A. equipmentB. applianceC. sourceD. medium39. A. becomeB. turnedC. seemedD. looked40. A. appearanceB. appealC. practiceD. experience Part III. Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneIn cities across the United States, old factories, warehouses, schools, railroad stations and other buildings are being renovated for new uses. City planners and private investors are finding that good building, no matter how old, can be remodeled for new purposes. “If youd asked some four or five years ago whether hed rent an apartment in an abandoned piano factory or clothing warehouse, hed have thought you were crazy, ”says a New York architect. “Today, many people are eager to do it.” The renovating may include a former city hall or courthouse changed into offices; a bank or church changed into a restaurant; or, as in Plains, Georgia, a railroad station used as a center for a presidential campaign.Only a few decades ago, renovation was unpopular and generally far more expensive than taking down abandoned buildings and starting from the beginning. A change began in the 1960s with a number of well-advertised projects. They included Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, where an old chocolate factory was restored an d made into shops and restaurants; Trolley Square in Salt Lake City, where abandoned car warehouses became a shopping mall; the Soho district of New York City, where unused warehouses ere made into artists studios and apartments.What caused the change? “One reason is nostalgia,” a San Francisco builder suggests. “Maybe old is better than new, many people are saying. Feelings about preserving attractive or historic buildings have changed a great deal.” A second cause is economy. The cost of tearing down an old building and constructing a new one from nothing now has risen to the point where it is often less expensive to fix a solid older structure. Also builders realize that fixing up an existing building often requires no new permits, sewer lines, or water connections.Even when the costs of restoration are the same as or a bit more than the costs of putting up a new building, fixing the old building may be better. A Boston architect says, “The advantage comes when you can develop a final project that is more desirable than a new building one with the right location, more space, more floor area, a special character, materials of a particular quality.” Gradually, architects and builders are developing knowledge about renovation and preservation, bringing imagination and creativity to the job.41. In the United States, renovating old buildings _?A. has had a long historyB. is becoming increasing popularC. is still unpopularD. has just caught the fancy of architects and builders42. Ghirardelli Square, Trolley Square, and the Soho district are projects that _.A. have been given much publicityB. are little known to the publicC. have been widely discussed among builders and city plannersD. have changed the building business43. “Nostalgia” in the 3rd paragraph most probably means _.A. being conservativeB. being keen on saving money C. being fond of things newD being fond of things of the remote past44. Which of the following statements is true? A. Every old building can be renovated for new uses.B. Renovating old buildings is always less costly than putting up new ones.C. Renovation does not require imagination and creativityD. Fixing an old building may have advantages even when it costs a little more45. The passage is mainly about _.A. the increasing popularity of renovation.B. nostalgia.C. changes in the building business.D. preservation of attractive or historic buildings.Passage TwoAdvertising plays a major role in the distribution of goods from manufacturers to consumers. It provides an effective way for sellers to inform buyers about products. Advertising thus helps manufacturers sell their products and benefits consumers by providing them with shopping information.Advertising also helps the economy grow by stimulating demand for new products. Manufacturers spend much money to develop new products. Through advertising, they can speed up the process of creating a market for a product and so recover their costs more quickly. Fewer new products would be developed if manufacturers could not use advertising to help sell the products.Advertisers include the expense of advertising in the sales price of a product. In some cases, advertising raises the price of a product. In other cases, advertising helps lower prices by creating the mass demand that supports mass production. Successful advertising makes many people want a product. By mass producing a product and developing a large volume of sales, the manufacturer can charge less per unit.Sociologically, advertising supports the mass communication media. It pays all the costs of commercial television and radio. It provides viewers with free entertainment and news programs, though viewers are often annoyed by commercial interruptions. Advertising also pays three-fourths of the costs of newspapers and magazines. Without advertising, readers would have to pay a higher price for newspapers and magazines, and many of the publications would go out of business.Because the mass media depend on advertising to stay in business, many people question whether advertisers control the media. Generally, media do not allow advertisers to influence their programming or editorial content. However, many broadcasters and publishers do not hesitate to run favorable information about their advertisers, and they sometimes refuse to run unfavorable information. Critics of commercial television maintain that dependence on advertising lowers the quality of TV programming. In order to sell advertising time at high prices, TV stations try to attract the largest possible audience. Critics argue that the stations therefore broadcast too many general entertainment programs and not enough informational and cultural programs.Many critics also charge that advertising persuades people to buy products they do not need or want through the use of psychological techniques. Advertisers reply that they do not have the means to make people buy unwanted products. They argue that adults freely choose what to buy or what not to buy. Most experts agree, however, that advertising is particularly persuasive to young children, who do not have the ability or experience to judge advertising critically. For this reason, the Federal Trade Commission has strict regulations governing advertising aimed at children.46. Advertising is useful to the economy in the sense that _A. it helps to inform customers about new products.B. it gives the designers a chance to make money.C. it helps to create a market for new products.D. it gives the producers an excuse to raise prices.47. Consumers will not benefit until advertising becomes successful_.A. and the producer lowers the price B. with mass productionC. before a new market has been createdD. or the manufacturer has recovered the cost48. The author seems to think that commercial interruption on television and radio _.A. are a waste of timeB. are fully justifiedC. only serve the interest of producersD. only serve the interest of the media.49. What critics are really worried about _.A. Broadcasters and publishers do not want to make open bad news about their advertisersB. Stations are too much interested in seeking money from their advertisersC. Programs are not so appealing to more and more audienceD. Stations will not broadcast enough educational programs50. What is the authors attitude towards advertising?A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Indifferent. D. Not clear.Passage ThreeMost publishing is now “electronic” in the sense that books, magazines, and newspapers are prepared on computers, and exist as computer files before they are printed on paper. Often there are advantages to giving readers access to the electronic versions of publications as well asor even instead ofthe printed versions.Print publications have lots of advantages. Paper is pleasant to handle, easy to read, and very portable: you can read it almost anywhere. On the other hand, print has its weaknesses. Paper is expensive, and articles are often cut to fit the space available. Printing and distributing paper is expensive and takes time. Printed materials are expensive to store and almost impossible to search. Electronic publishing offers solutions to all these problems.Suppose a publisher makes the electronic copy of a newspaper or magazine available from the net, perhaps on the Internets World Wide Web. No paper is used and disc space is cheap, so internet publishing costs very little. Articles dont have to be cut (although there is of course a limit to the amount people are willing to read on line). Internet publishing is fast, and readers can access material as soon as it becomes available: within minutes, instead of the next day, next week or next month. Internet publishing goes beyond geographical boundaries: the humblest local paper can be read everywhere from New York to London to Delhi to Tokyo. Delivery costs are low because there are no newsagents to pay, and no postal charges: readers pick up the bills for their online sessions. Also, computer-based publications are simple to store (on disc) and every word can be searched electronically.At the moment, newspapers and magazines, TV and radio stations, news agencies and book publishers are making content freely available on the web because they are competing for “mindshare”. Perhaps they want to find out if they can attract and hold an audience on line, or perhaps theyre afraid of missing out because “everyone else is doing it”. But dont count on things staying that way. Publishers are not in business to lose money. 51. What does the author probably foresee? A. Readers will have more accesses. B. Books, magazines, and newspapers will be kept as computer files.C. It will not make any sense to keep the printed versions.D. Electronic publications will replace printed ones.52. Which of the following is among the troubles print has?A. It is dear to find printed materials.B. Frequent editing is needed for better layout.C. Paper is passed around quickly.D. The space to restore articles is not enough53. The electronic version of newspapers or magazines has all the following advantages except that _.A. it can be carried around.B. it can be read in many places C. it can be immediately accessedD. it requires little delivery cost54. Why are publishers making their books freely available?A. They want to make money.B. They do not like to lose their audience.C. They care competing for fun.D. They try to win more freedom.55. What method does the author mainly use in this passage to achieve better effects?A. Examples and testing.B. Listing and persuading.C. Comparisons and listing.D. Analysis and examples.Passage FourDo animals have rights? Do trees? Do humans have an obligation to behave ethically to rivers? To rocks? Viruses? The entire planet?As this century draws to a close, there are not merely questions for abstract philosophical debate but, as Roderick Frazier Nash points out in The Rights of Nature, issues of intense interest to theologians, lawyers, legislators and even scientists. Radical environmentalists are already demanding that legal and ethical protection be extended to all of nature,