陈頔的毕业生外文文献翻译

本科毕业生外文文献翻译 学生姓名：陈頔指导教师：李爱传所在学院：信息技术学院专 业：电气工程及其自动化中国大庆2010 年 6月Summary of single-chip applicationsSingle-chip integration, functionality, performance, architecture has been the rapid development, has been able to integrate a complete powerful performance computer applications. However, the application of many single-chip unit remains in the chip without the use of low-grade single-chip ROM, such as the state, both in system design, the use of maintenance, the economic benefits of this are uneconomical. This situation must change. This article on the status of the development of single-chip synthesis, hoping to improve the domestic level of single-chip technology has been promoting.1 MCU development historyThe single-chip computer called the Single Chip Microcomputer Chip (your), it is composed of the Microcomputer functional parts, such as the central processor, the CPU, random access memory read-only memory ROM, RAM I/O interface circuit and timing/counter and serial communication interface components in a production of integrated chips, constitute a complete micro computer.With the development of technology, now has many kinds of SCM. For example:adopt double CPU structure in order to improve the ability to handle R65C29,The data bus increased width - 78, internal muon PD using 16-bit data bus,using line structure of SM - 689,serial bus SCC84C4 structure,floating-point calculations are very strong ability of digital signal processor,other special processing capacity of SCM,2 The characteristics of single-chipSince single-chip paths with the microprocessor is different. Toward high-speed microprocessor computing, data analysis and processing power, storage capacity, such as large-scale development to improve the performance of general-purpose computer. Its interface is to meet the peripherals and network interface design. Single-chip industrial monitoring and control from the object, the environment, interface characteristics, and strive to enhance control and improve the reliability of industrial environments, the composition of the application of flexible computer system interface direction. Therefore, the single-chip has its own characteristics, mainly: species diversity, model range. Species models to expand year by year to meet the needs. System developers have great freedom of choice. CPU from 4,8,16,32 to 64, some also using RISC technology; improve performance and expand capacity. Integration has reached more than 2 million transistors. Bus speed has reached tens of microseconds. Working frequency of 30MHz or 40MHz. Instruction execution cycles reduced to tens of microseconds. RAM memory capacity development to 1K, 2K, RO M developed to 32K, 64K; increased control functions, an extension to the external interface. The origin of the external chip functionality into the chip. Todays single-chip has been developed in a piece of the chip contains a CPU, with the exception of embedded RAM, ROM memory and I / O interface, there are A / D, PWM, U ART, Timer / Counter, DMA, Watchdog, Serial Port , Sensor, driver, also display driver, keyboard control, function generator, comparator, which form a complete powerful computer application systems; Low power consumption. Supply voltage from 5V down to 3V, 2V or 1V or so. MA current level from the level down to A. In the production process to the CMOS instead of NMOS, and the transition HCMOS; application software package. Provides a software library, including the standard application software, the model design. Single chip enables users to develop applications more quickly and easily. Might be able to do so with a week to develop a new application products; system expansion and configuration. External circuit are used for expansion bus architecture of the three DB, AB, CB, constituted to facilitate a variety of applications. Network system based on single-chip, multi-machine power system expertise to develop the characteristics of single-chip serial bus. In addition, equipped with special sensors, human-computer dialogue, such as multi-channel network interface to form networks and multi-machine system.3 The development trend of the MCUTo reduce power consumption, SCM in process has all CHMOS adopted. At present, we are in high quality and variety in the direction of development, and the development trend of the chip will further toward low-power, small volume, large capacity, high performance, low price and mixed-signal integration, etc.Below is the main trend of several single-chip:Low power management in almost all the microcontroller have standby power, low power operation modes etc. CMOS chip except with low consumption, but also has the characteristic of power control, make SCM can work fine management in power. In addition, some SCM by the clock technology, namely high and low two clock. The low power to improve the products reliability and anti-interference.The wider the working voltage range at present, general MCU voltage range is 3.3-5.5 V, some products to 2.2 6V, minority type - the lowest voltage has dropped 1.8 V. Wider range for a long time in the province electricity chip mode, also facilitate production portable products.High-performance mainly refers to the further improvement of CPU performance, accelerate the speed of operation instruction and improve the reliability of the control system. Now 100MIPS has reached the highest speed instructions, and strengthen the processing function, and the timing control function.Mixed information integration, mixed information combination of digital - analog integrated technology, is the development direction of the increased internal resources.Serial extension techniques in a very long period of time, the universal microcontroller through parallel 3 bus structure expand peripheral devices become the mainstream of SCM. As I m C, SPI serial bus interface and etc, promote the microcontroller single application development, structure of single-chip foot can design more saving, make SCM system structure simplified and standardization.Small size, low price to meet the requirements of the embedded microcontroller, can reduce it by the internal resources and change to realize the encapsulation, such as reducing memory, reduce the external pins etc, make it smaller, low price.Based on the ISP and CaXie fast development environment ISP memory and development, promote the development of the ISP technology. Its function is to put on PC Numbers program through JTAG defined interfaces with the three online download SPI interface, namely direct transmission and burn to the memory chip. This method is to use programmer cheaper and convenient.单片机应用技术综述单片机在集成度、功能、性能、体系结构方面都有了飞速发展，已能集成一个完整的功能强大、性能优良的计算机应用系统。但目前国内许多单片机应用单位仍停留在采用片内无ROM等低档单片机的状态，无论在系统设计上、使用维护上、经济效益上这都是不合算的。这种状况必须改变。本文就单片机的发展现状进行综述，希望能对提高国内单片机技术的应用水平有所促进。1. 单片机发展历史 单片机的全称为单片微型计算机（Single Chip Microcomputer），它是把组成微型计算机的各功能部件，如中央处理器CPU、随机存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、I/O接口电路、定时/计数器以及串行通信接口等部件制作在一块集成芯片中，构成一个完整的微型计算机。随着技术的发展，现在已经出现很多型号的单片机。例如：l 采用双CPU结构以提高处理能力的R65C29；l 增加数据总线宽度的PD7800，内部采用16位数据总线；l 采用流水线结构的SM812；l 串行总线结构的SCC84C4；l 浮点运算能力非常强的数字信号处理器；l 其他专项处理能力的单片机；2. 单片机的特点单片机问世以来所走的路与微处理器是不同的。微处理器向着高速运算、数据分析与处理能力、大规模容量存储等方向发展，以提高通用计算机的性能。其接口界面也是为了满足外设和网络接口而设计的 。单片机则是从工业测控对象、环境、接口特点出发，向着增强控制功能、提高工业环境下的可靠性、灵活方便的构成应用计算机系统的界面接口的方向发展。因此，单片机有着自已的特点，主要是： 品种多样，型号繁多。品种型号逐年扩充以适应各种需要。使系统开发者有很大的选择自由。CPU从4、8、16、32到64位，有些还采用RISC技术； 提高性能，扩大容量。集成度已达200万个晶体管以上。总线工作速度已达数十微秒。工作频率达到30MHz甚至40MHz。指令执行周期减到数十微秒。存储器容量RAM发展到1K、2K，RO M发展到32K、64K； 增加控制功能，向外部接口延伸。把原属外围芯片的功能集成到本芯片内。现今的单片机已发展到在一块含有CPU的芯片上，除嵌入RAM、ROM存储器和IO接口外，还有AD、PWM、U ART、TimerCounter、DMA、Watchdog、Serial Port、Sensor、driver、还有显示驱动、键盘控制、函数发生器、比较器等，构成一个完整的功能强的计算机应用系统； 低功耗。供电电压从5V降到3V、2V甚至1V左右。工作电流从mA级降到A级。在生产工艺上以CMOS代替NMOS，并向HCMOS过渡； 应用软件配套。提供了软件库，包括标准应用软件，示范设计方法。使用户开发单片机应用系统时更快速、方便。使有可能做到用一周时间开发一个新的应用产品； 系统扩展与配置。有供扩展外部电路用的三总线结构DB、AB、CB，以方便构成各种