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广西科技大学广西科技大学 2013201320132013 届毕业生届毕业生 毕业设计中英文翻译毕业设计中英文翻译 姓姓姓姓名 名 名 名 张建霞张建霞张建霞张建霞 学学学学号 号 号 号 200900501200900501200900501200900501121121121121 班班班班别 别 别 别 土土土土木木木木094094094094 班班班班 专专专专业 业 业 业 土土土土 木木木木 工工工工 程程程程 交交交交 通通通通 土土土土 建建建建 学学学学院 院 院 院 土土土土 木木木木 建建建建 筑筑筑筑 工工工工 程程程程 学学学学 院院院院 指导老师 指导老师 指导老师 指导老师 广西广西 柳州柳州 20132013 年年 5 5 月月 2020 日日 T T T Th h h he e e eMMMMe e e et t t th h h ho o o od d d dt t t to o o oA A A An n n na a a al l l ly y y yz z z ze e e e a a a andndndnd D D D De e e ea a a al l l lw w w wi i i it t t th h h hC C C Cr r r re e e ev v v vi i i ic c c ce e e eo o o of f f f R R R Re e e ei i i in n n nf f f fo o o or r r rc c c ce e e ed d d d Abstract Inthis paperthecauseofforationandharmofcrevice inreinforcedco ncrete structureareanalyzedandthemethodsto dealwiththecrackaredis cussed Through practicalstudyonengineeringexample severalproblems to whichat tentionshouldbepaid inprocessofconstruct ingandtreatingwith crevice aresolved andconcluded inthepaper Keywords concrete crevice groutingandconstructing 摘要 分析了钢筋砼结构裂缝的成因和危害 性 讨论了 裂缝的处理方 法 通过 工程实 例的应用研究 总结了裂缝处理施工中应注意的几 个问题 关键词 混凝土 裂缝 灌浆施工 Under normal circumstances the reinforced concrete structure there are some cracks are inevitable especially widely used in commercial concrete using the method of adding various additives and superfine mineral admixture for high strength high flow pattern of the concrete cracks of the concrete structure of the problem is more serious 1 The relevant specification for crack control by limiting the crack width of concrete structures The concrete structure in the form of cracks and the causes are many and varied scientific and rational method of crack treatment response to actual cracks in the analysis of the causes and dangers and then take effective measures to crack the dangers of control in a certain extent permitted by This regard some analysis and discussion 1 1 1 1 ClassificationClassificationClassificationClassification ofofofof a a a a C C C Concreteoncreteoncreteoncrete S S S Structuretructuretructuretructure C C C Cracksracksracksracks andandandand C C C Criticalityriticalityriticalityriticality A A A Analysis nalysis nalysis nalysis 1 11 11 11 1 ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete S S S Structuretructuretructuretructure ofofofof thethethethe C C C Causesausesausesauses ofofofof C C C Cracks racks racks racks Classification of the reinforced concrete structure cracks the causes of cracks in this classification lists the types of cracks in structural performance 1 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 1 LoadLoadLoadLoad C C C Crack rack rack rack Due to external loads caused by cracks known as load cracks such cracks generally appear in the component force After the stress bearing capacity is relatively weak parts Divided into the main flexural cracks tension cracks compression cracks distorted cracks shear cracks and punching crack 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2T T T Thehehehe R R R Roleoleoleole ofofofofT T T Temperatureemperatureemperatureemperature C C C Cracks racks racks racks Sunshine temperature difference or cracks caused by the high temperature as the temperature of the role of cracks such cracks generally appear in the housing top floor slab components and to produce high temperature heat source near the concrete components In addition the large volume concrete cracks due to the thermal effect of cement hydration also belong to the scope of temperature crack 1 1 31 1 31 1 31 1 3 ShrinkageShrinkageShrinkageShrinkage C C C Cracks racks racks racks Cracks caused by contraction of the concrete is known as shrinkage cracks early shrinkage cracks appear in the middle of the concrete surface after the concrete has hardened shrinkage cracks appear in the component In recent years the change prefabricated hollow board for the large number of Slab Slab shrinkage cracks cracks wider and up and down through cracks in the plate cross or vertical board and the board diagonal of the four corners area has become a new quality defects 2 1 1 41 1 41 1 41 1 4TheTheTheThe D D D Deformationeformationeformationeformation ofofofof F F F Foundationoundationoundationoundation C C C Cracks racks racks racks The foundation differential settlement and cracks of the concrete structure known as the deformation of foundation cracks These cracks occurred mainly to ring beam to beam plate based backplanes and building the lower part of the settlement of mutations at the concrete beam at the top of the board corresponding part of the column 1 1 51 1 51 1 51 1 5 DisasterDisasterDisasterDisaster C C C Cracksracksracksracks andandandand O O O Other ther ther ther Concrete structures under fire freezing and thawing and steel corrosion cracks generated by factors such as alkali aggregate reaction is more common cracks analysis and processing of such cracks has its particularity 3 1 21 21 21 2TheTheTheThe C C C Concreteoncreteoncreteoncrete S S S Structuraltructuraltructuraltructural C C C Cracksracksracksracks HazardHazardHazardHazardAnalysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Cracks in the concrete structure of the dangers in the following three aspects 1 2 11 2 11 2 11 2 1AffectAffectAffectAffect thethethethe D D D Durability urability urability urability Durabilityofconcretestructuresistheload bearingstructure Thedesign specifications of the concrete structure to allow the concrete structures with cracks but there will be limitations on crack width When the crack width of concrete structure exceeds a certain value the environment water oxygen carbon dioxide and chlorine ions penetrate through the cracks make steel corrosion within the concrete and ultimately affect the structural carrying capacity Cracks under different environmental conditions on the structural durability of the degree of harm Especially in the open air wet or harmful gases under the conditions of the concrete components when the crack width 2 mm depth over the protective layer thickness will cause the corrosion of reinforced concrete components 1 2 21 2 21 2 21 2 2A A A Affectffectffectffect thethethethe S S S Structuretructuretructuretructure ofofofof thethethethe N N N Normalormalormalormal Using of the cracks on the normal structure mainly refers to the impermeability and water resistance of the structure 1 2 31 2 31 2 31 2 3AffectAffectAffectAffect thethethethe S S S Structuraltructuraltructuraltructural S S S Safetyafetyafetyafety ofofofof thethethethe D D D Deformationeformationeformationeformation due to the lack of structural capacity and foundation cracks larger and will affect the safety of the structure Especially cracks in the concrete compression shear cracks and distortion cracks these cracks will produce brittle failure of concrete structures reinforcement measures should be timely 1 31 31 31 3 CrackCrackCrackCrackA A A Analysisnalysisnalysisnalysis andandandand P P P Processingrocessingrocessingrocessing P P P Proceduresroceduresroceduresrocedures andandandand P P P Principles rinciples rinciples rinciples Cracks in the concrete structure for processing we must first determine the nature of the cracks and then select the cracks approach The specific handling procedures and principles are as follows The use of the survey of buildings parts of cracks and crack width depth quantity and distribution According to field investigations and test results analyze the causes of cracks analyze the extent of the harm of the cracks in the concrete structure determine fracture properties select the cracks approach belonging to the load crack the deformation of foundation cracks and has affected the structural safety of the cracks should first take structural reinforcement measures and then determined after the reinforcement crack repair approach When used to increase the cross section method paste steel or carbon fiber reinforced and Steel Reinforcement these methods have the crack sealing treatment By changing the load path reinforcement method or prestressed reinforcement law and foundation reinforcement to deal with cracks in the surface closed The temperature of shrinkage cracks and crack width smaller load crack the deformation of foundation cracks first of all distinguish between surface cracks and deep cracks Surface cracks to surface sealing treatment method deep cracks take the grouting method to repair Deep cracks must still cracks or active cracks and stationary cracks is preferable to have a certain flexibility grouting material 2 2 2 2 ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete S S S Structurestructurestructurestructures C C C CrackrackrackrackA A A Approach pproach pproach pproach 2 12 12 12 1 CrackCrackCrackCrackT T T Treatmentreatmentreatmentreatment MMMMethodsethodsethodsethods andandandand thethethethe S S S Scopecopecopecope ofofofof C C C CracksracksracksracksA A A Approach pproach pproach pproach There are three kinds of surface treatment filling method and the grouting method 2 1 12 1 12 1 12 1 1TheTheTheThe S S S SurfaceurfaceurfaceurfaceT T T Treatmentreatmentreatmentreatment MMMMethod ethod ethod ethod Cracks in the surface of stucco cement mortar brushing polymer cement paste and permeable waterproof materials in order to achieve the recovery of structural durability and impermeability Mainly applied to the crack width is less than 2 mm minor crack sealing treatment 2 1 22 1 22 1 22 1 2 F F F Filling illing illing illing Chiselled V shaped or trapezoidal groove along the cracks in the concrete surface and then layered pressure to wipe a variety of repair materials the purpose of the closure of cracks which V shaped groove for the general crack repair trapezoidal groove is applicable to water seepage the repair of cracks Applies to the small number but the width of the larger greater than 0 5 mm cracks closed Can be collected through the deeper cracks Fill method will be closed cracks then the construction of the grouting method 2 1 32 1 32 1 32 1 3TheTheTheThe G G G Groutingroutingroutingrouting MMMMethod ethod ethod ethod Method will put pressure on all types of resin grout cement grout poured into the cracks in the curing bonding to repair the cracks in the concrete structure The grouting method is mainly applied to the crack width is greater than 0 2 mm crack repair process Width between 2 mm 1 0 mm most of the cracks in the concrete structure of crack accident the grouting method is the main fracture treatment 2 22 22 22 2 GroutingGroutingGroutingGrouting C C C ConstructiononstructiononstructiononstructionT T T Technology echnology echnology echnology Depending on the grouting materials grouting method is divided into the chemical grouting method and inorganic materials grouting method the former materials used for epoxy resin and methacrylic acid esters which is the class of the slurry For a long time because the cement grout particles only for the crack width is greater than 1 0 mm crack repair Chemical grouting material strong bond irrigation performance so the project the use of chemical grouting materials than cement grouting applications generally However due to the chemical grouting the high cost pollution and other shortcomings in recent years use on the project at home and abroad more and more Limit the application of the modified cement grout has more and more The grouting process and grouting equipment of the same chemical grouting method Equipment modified cement slurry poured into the width is greater than 0 5 mm and deeper cracks has become a commonly used technology 2 22 22 22 2 1 1 1 1 EpoxyEpoxyEpoxyEpoxy S S S Slurrylurrylurrylurry MMMMaterial aterial aterial aterial In recent years a special variety of grouting resin epoxy of low viscosity flexible epoxy water emulsion epoxy and polyurethane resin these resins have a small contraction high flexibility good toughness adaptability and the advantages of fine cracks 05 mm wide cracks 1 mm as well as mortar concrete cracks the case for chemical grouting treatment curing in a wet or dry environment The lower the viscosity the faster filling 1 agent matrix The slurry of the main agent of epoxy resin which is a polymer containing two or more epoxy gene compounds in general 4 2 Other materials In order to reduce the shrinkage of the epoxy grout the choice of the reactive diluent epichlorohydrin and appropriate to add non reactive diluent acetone Make epoxy slurry to a plasticized and curing functions can be added to the amount HJ plasticizers and two small fat Polymerization the molecular weight increases the elastic and plastic and impact toughness will be greatly enhanced 4 3 preparation of the slurry Epoxy resin system is one of the most commonly used adhesive system you want to reach the pressure perfusion 0 and less than 5mm gap the viscosity should be adjusted to below 200 theCP so how to adjust the viscosity is the key issue of pouring glue Commonly used diluent three categories bran ketones low molecular weight epoxy compounds non reactive diluent The first two categories known as reactive diluents they can participate in the curing reaction but the dilution of low efficiency and poor storage stability of bran ketones 4 The general literature suggests that the diluent such as aromatics ketones and alcohols play a simple dilution effect in the curing of epoxy resin after curing gradually evaporate In fact the carbonyl and hydroxyl compounds composed of diluents on some elements of the system or there is a certain reaction No significant response to the hydroxyl containing alcohols at room temperature with epoxy resin this can also be partially involved in the reaction but in the role of the amine curing agent played the role of toughening The active hydrogen on the hydroxyl significantly shorten the activation time to play a catalytic role of procoagulant The other role is to reduce the surface tension improve adhesive infiltration absorption and leakage Hydroxyl hydrophilic adhesive to quickly absorb the damage to the water film adhesive curing in humid conditions 5 The physical and mechanical properties of the physical and mechanical properties of the slurry ratio of the epoxy grout is shown in Table 1 Note The traditional ratio cited from Chemical Grouting concrete paste tensile strength refers to two parts of the concrete casting epoxy paste adhesive as a whole the measured was anti Tensile strength It can be seen from Table 1 epoxy slurry has good physical and mechanical properties shrinkage rate of 0 to 0 3 the average shear strength of 34 M Pa the average tensile strength of 5 M Pa Adding the appropriate diluent and modifier of the epoxy grout the physical and mechanical properties of conventional epoxy grout 2 6 times are higher than the tensile strength and shear strength of C35 concrete structure itself completely to meet the concrete structure reinforcement requirements 2 2 2 MethylMethylMethylMethyl MMMMethacrylateethacrylateethacrylateethacrylate C C C Classlasslasslass Methyl methacrylate low viscosity surface tension is only about 30 percent of the water so pouring more convenient strong and proliferation Practice has proved that for the width of the 0 0 5 mm around the crack repair and impervious to good effect The repair of dry cracks in the curing strength and high bond strength than the concrete components therefore can fully restore the concrete integrity Patch of water split Seam you need to use the appropriate formula and process in order to partially restore the integrity of the concrete and 2 22 22 22 2 3 3 3 3 CementCementCementCement G G G Groutingroutingroutingrouting MMMMaterialaterialaterialaterial Cement grouting materials are mainly silica fume modified cement grout the glial cement grouting material and ultra fine cement grouting material Physical and technical parameters of the ultra fine cement grout as follows Fine S 8 600 cm 2 g integrated particle size d 50 4 m particles larger than 20 m are limited to less than 2 ordinary 525 The fineness of the cement S 3 200 cm 2 g Pulp water cement ratio to take the W C 1 0 and its performance are shown in Table 2 the system out of the slurry to meet the perfusion crack width 0 3 mm requirements 表2 Note The plastic viscosity yield value f d f 7d f 1 5d were serous in 3 days 7 days the 15 day bond strength 2 22 22 22 2 GroutingGroutingGroutingGroutingT T T Technologyechnologyechnologyechnology andandandand C C C Constructiononstructiononstructiononstruction P P P Procedures rocedures rocedures rocedures 1 The grouting process is as follows Crack survey cutting of V or U shaped groove paste filling mouth leak testing closed cracks preparation of the pressure grouting of epoxy slurry Banding mouth the grouting end room temperature curing 3 days delivery 2 construction rules Investigation of crack grouting crack width to be implemented in the pre construction to deal with length toward the careful examination and make the specific location of the mark Crack clean up First clean up of the cracks on both sides of the floating pulp and then blow guns to the air compressor with high pressure air blow off the crack Sewn inside the floating ash and floating objects and the concrete surface with acetone to clean up Set grout mouth Grouting mouth set the direction of the crack cloth mouth according to the principle of airflow Soars grouting mouth should be arranged in the lower part of a nozzle arrangement for about 25 0 mm spacing in the upper packer but each crack at least required layout grouting mouth of two or more depending on the crack length Grouting mouth fixed in general with 502 rubber grout mouth exports at the cracks and press in the concrete surface to be cement let go In addition can also be used for epoxy mortar grout mouth paste it in the cracks The crack closure of good cementing clay brushing modulation in the cracks on both sides and closure of existing cracks paying particular attention to the bottom of the grouting mouth tightly closed and to ensure the packer firmly affixed to the work surface In addition in the cracks on both sides of each leave a small hole in order to