高中英语 Unit 4 Sharing Grammar课件 新人教版选修7.pptVIP

revisionofrestrictiveattributiveclauses unit4grammar theyarekindandwarm heartedpeoplewhocangivetime energyandtalentstohelpothersinneedandservetheircommunities expectingnothinginreturn riddle whoarethey volunteers doyouknowxubenyuwhowasoneofthetenfamouspeoplethatmadethewholenationmovedin2004 let ssharehisstoriesbycombiningthesesentences 我愿做一滴水 我知道我很微小 当爱的阳光照射到我身上的时候 我愿意无保留地反射给别人 havealk xubenyuisa24 year oldboy hisfamilyisverypoor xubenyuisa24 year oldboywhosefamilyisverypoor whenhewasstillastudent hebegantosponsorthosestudents b thosestudentswerepoorerthanhim whenhewasstillastudent hebegantosponsorthosestudentswhowerepoorerthanhim hearrivedinthepoorvillageinguizhouprovinceandsawthecaveprimaryschoolonthatday hewouldneverforgettheday hewouldneverforgetthedaywhenhearrivedinthepoorvillageinguizhouprovinceandsawthecaveprimaryschool hetaughtinaverypoormountainousvillage b therewasnowater noelectricityortelephone hetaughtinaverypoormountainousvillagewheretherewasnowater noelectricityortelephone a hestillwellrememberedthosehappydays b hespentthosehappydaysinsingingandplayinggameswiththestudents hestillwellrememberedthosehappydayswhichhespentinsingingandplayinggameswiththestudents a atthemeetinghetoldushisstoriesandthereasons b hetolduswhyhecouldovercomeallkindsofdifficultiesandhelpothers atthemeetinghetoldushisstoriesandthereasonswhyhecouldovercomeallkindsofdifficultiesandhelpothers xubenyuistheverykindperson b weshouldlearnfromhim xubenyuistheverykindpersonwhomweshouldlearnfrom 从上面对志愿者徐本禹的介绍中我们看到 当对所描述的人或事物加以修饰或限定时 定语从句就有很大的用处 接下来我们就详细的回顾一下定语从句的用法吧 定语从句的分类 定语从句 therestrictiveattributiveclause限制性定语从句 thenon restrictiveattributiveclause非限制性定语从句 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分 主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 引导词 who whom whose which ofwhich when where等 不用that 不能省略 引导词 关系代词和关系副词 作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略 revisionofrestrictiveattributiveclauses 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 引导定语从句的关系代词有 which that who whom whose和as 引导定语从句的关系副词有 where when why anastronautisapersonwhoworksandtravelsinspace 2 aspacecraftisavehiclethat whichcantravelinspace antecedent先行词 relativepronoun关系代词 3 aspacecapsuleisaplacewhereanastronautworks 4 15thoct 2003wasthedaywhenyangliweienteredouterspacein shenzhouv spaceship relativeadverb关系副词 antecedent先行词 限制性定语从句的构成 themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables youmustdoeverythingthatido ihavefoundthebookwhichilost ivisitedtheschoolwhereistudied 关系代词关系副词 注意事项 1 从句的位置 2 翻译方法 3 构成 先行词之后 的 关系词 关系代词的用法 人 物 主语 宾语 作宾语可省 物 主语 宾语 作宾语可省 人 主语 宾语 作宾语可省 人 宾语 可省 人 物 定语 不可省 关系代词的用法 1 作主语用who which或that 如 heisthemanwho thatlivesnextdoor thetrainwhich thathasjustleftisforshenzhen 2 作宾语用whom who which that如 theman whom who that wehavejustseenisafamouswriter whereisthebook which that iboughtlastweek 注 在非正式文体中 用于指人的关系代词who whom that通常可以省略 但在正式文体中通常用who m 不可省略 用于指物的关系代词which和that在非正式文体中也通常省略 但在正式文体中一般不省略 3 作定语用whose如 a heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek b itwasameetingwhoseimportanceididnotrealizeatthattime 注 whose 名词中心词 这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 如上a句 又能作宾语 如上b句 whose的先行词常用来指人 但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念 这时可以与ofwhich结构互换 词序是 名词 ofwhich 如 theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown thebackwallofwhich he swrittenabookthenameofwhichi vecompletelyforgotten whosename 4 作表语只用that 它既可以指人 也可以指物 但时常省略 例如 heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe thisisnolongerthedirtyplace that itusedtobe 难点 whose theteacherpraisedthestudent hisenglishisthebestinourclass theteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseenglishisthebestinourclass jointhefollowingpairofsentences whose thestudent s 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 thehouseismine thewindowofthehouseisbroken thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine whose thehouse swindow thehouseismine thewindowofwhichisbroken ofwhichthewindowisbroken 关系代词的用法练习 1 theeggswerenotfresh iboughtthemyesterday 2 thefriendwasnothungry hecametosupperlastnight theeggs that which iboughtthemwerenotfresh thefriendwho thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry 3 heprefersthecheese itcomesfromparents farm 4 thenoodlesweredelicious youcookedthem heprefersthecheesethat whichitcomesfromhisparents farm thenoodles which that youcookedthemweredelicious 关系副词的用法 指代 所做成分 是否可省略 when 时间 状语 否 where 地点 状语 否 why 原因 状语 否 关系副词 1 when指时间 在从句中作时间状语 它的先行词通常有 time day morning night week year等 如 istillrememberthetimewhenifirstbecameacollegestudent doyouknowthedatewhenlincolnwasborn 关系副词的用法 注 when时常可以省略 特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中 如 eachtimehecame hedidhisbesttohelpus buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill 2 where指地点 在从句中作地点状语 它的先行词通常有 place spot street house room city town country等 如 thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying iforgetthehousewherethesmithslived注 where有时也可以省略 如 thisistheplace where wemetyesterday 3 why指原因或理由 它的先行词只有reason 如 thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon 注 why时常也可以省略 如 thatistherealreason why hedidit 使用关系副词应注意下列几点 1 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词 which结构 when on in at during which where in at on which why forwhich iwasinbeijingonthedaywhen onwhich hearrived theofficewhere inwhich heworksisonthethirdfloor 2 当先行词是表时间的time day等和表地点的place house等时 一定要注意分析从句的结构 如果缺少主语或宾语时 关系词应该用which或that 缺少时间状语或地点状语时 才能用when或where 试比较 i llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated i llneverforgetthedayswhich thatwespenttogetherlastsummer hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade hisfatherworksinafactorywhich thatmakesradioparts 温馨提示 when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句 也可以引导非限制性定语从句 而why只能引导限制性定语从句 关系副词和先行词的关系 istillrememberthedaywhenicamehere thisisthehousewhereilivedlastyear therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling ontheday when inthehouse where forthereasons why 关系副词实际上是介词 先行词 1当先行词是不定代词时 如 all few little much every something anything everything 等 2当先行词被theonly thevery thesame little few no any等修饰时 3当人和物合做先行词时 只能用that做关系代词的情况 4当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 5在疑问词who which what开头的句子中 介词 关系代词的情况1 themanwhomyouspokewasascientist thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway to in 介词 关系代词的情况2 themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway arethesetwosentencesright to in 介词 关系代词的情况3 themanwho whomyouspokewasascientist thecitythat whichshelivesisfaraway to in arethesetwosentencesright 可见 who that不能用于介词之后 介词 关系代词的情况4 isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor theoldmanwhomiamlookingafterisbetter 在固定短语中介词不能提前 下面两句中的介词能提前吗 1 根据先行词来确定thisisthepotinwhichiboiledthemilk thisisthepot which that iboiledthemilkin 介词的确定方法 介词 which whom 1979wastheyearinwhichmysonwasborn when thisistheplaceinwhichigrewup where thepersontowhomicomplainedisthemanager theperson who whom that icomplainedtoisthemanager 2 根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定 3 当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时 介词不能前置thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy 1 ifashophaschairs womencanparktheirmen womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop a thatb whichc whend where 解析 答案d先行词chairs在定语从句中作状语 用where 典型题例解析 2 whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp thereisnooneelse isthere a whototurntob shecanturntoc forwhomtoturnd forhertoturn 解析 答案bone是先行词 省略了关系代词that 3 manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes peoplewereeatenbythetiger a inwhichb bywhichc whichd that 解析 答案a该题考查定语从句介词 关系代词 4 doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm wevisitedthreemonthsago a inwhichb bywhichc whichd that 解析 答案c先行词farm在从句中作visit的宾语 5 thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers shehadwipedherhands a whereb whichc whend that 解析 答案a先行词hertrousers在定语从句中作状语 故用关系副词where 6 isthistheonlyreason atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork a thatheexplainedb whatheexplainedc whyheexplainedd whichheexplained 解析 答案a先行词前有theonly thevery theright等修饰时 要用that 1 thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity sightmattersmorethanhearing 2007天津卷 a whenb whosec whichd where 实战高考 2 today we lldiscussanumberofcases beginnersofenglishfailtousethelanguageproperly 2007陕西卷 a whichb asc whyd where3 wheredidyougettoknowher itwasonthefarm weworked 2007山东卷 a thatb therec whichd where 4 theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect 2008全国卷ii a itb whatc whichd that5 laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw 2008江西卷 a whereb whenc whod which 6 formanycitiesintheworld thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther newyorkisanexample 2008四川卷 a forwhichb inwhichc ofwhichd fromwhich7 thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors arebeyondourcontrol 2008湖南卷 a mostofthemb mostofwhichc mostofwhatd mostofthat 8 whatdoyouthinkofteaching bob ifinditfunandchallenging itisajob youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting 2009北京卷 a whereb whichc whend that9 she llneverforgetherstaythere shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore 2009四川卷 a thatb whichc whered when 10 iwasborninneworleans louisiana acity namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind 2009湖南卷 a whichb ofwhichc thatd whose11 guncontrolisasubject americanshavearguedforalongtime 09陕西卷 a ofwhichb withwhichc aboutwhichd into