2019届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习5语言知识运用五.docx

语言知识运用（五）1.完形填空Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full _1_ of the facts he observes. He doesnt accept ideas which are not _2_on obvious facts, and therefore _3_to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas _4_ and makes experiments to prove them.The rise of _5_ science may perhaps be considered to _6_ as far back as the _7_ of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,who lived _8_ the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably thefirst in the Middle Ages to suggest that we must learn science _9_ observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself _10_ many important truths.Galileo (15641642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, _11_ began to show how many important _12_ could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more _13_ towards the earth than small ones, _14_ Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the _15_ of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two _16_ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileos _17_ of going direct to Nature, and proving our _18_ and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.What _19_ those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know it clearly that successful scientists are those whose observations have _20_ better results.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者通过实例阐明自己的观点：一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。1A.useBtimeCspeedDtrust答案：A根据语境可知，此处是make use of “利用，使用”这一固定词组。2A.reliedBbasedCinsistedDcentered答案：B根据该空前的“He doesnt accept ideas”和后面的“on obvious facts”可知，此处是be based on/upon这个固定词组，表示“以为基础，基于”。3A.refusesBdesiresCintendsDregrets答案：A由空格前面的“doesnt accept”和“and therefore”可知，此处应选refuses，表示“拒绝”。4A.casuallyBcarefullyCquicklyDsecretly答案：B结合语境“He always checks ideas”和后面的“makes experiments to prove them”可知，此处表示仔细地核查那些观点。5A.naturalBphysicalCancientDmodern答案：D根据下一段的最后一句话中的“that has led to all the discoveries of modern science”可知，此处表示modern science “现代科学”的兴起。6A.dateBkeepClookDcome答案：A由下文的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。date back是一个固定词组，意为“追溯到”。7A.studyBtimeCyearDbirth答案：B结合空格后面的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，此处表示罗杰培根那个时代。time这里指“时代，年代”。8A.bothBeachCbetweenDamong答案：C根据空格后面的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，此处应选between与and连用，表示“在和之间”。9A.inBwithConDby答案：D 根据后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此处表示通过(by)观察我们周围的事情并做实验，因此选by。10A.broughtBdiscoveredCtookDgave答案：B结合空格后面的“many important truths”可知，他本人发现(discovered)了很多重要的真理。11A.whoBwhenCthatDwhere答案：A结合空格前面的“was the greatest of several great men”可知，先行词是men，故用who引导定语从句。12A.truthsBproblemsCpeopleDsubjects答案：A由空后的“could be discovered by observation”及上文第10空所在句子可知，很多真理可以通过观察得到发现。truth “事实，真理”。13A.slowlyBrapidlyClightlyDheavily答案：B结合空格前面的“large bodies fell more”和后面的“towards the earth than small ones”可知，在Galileo之前，学者们认为重的物体比轻的物体自由落体的速度更快，因此选rapidly “迅速地”。14A.althoughBbecauseCwhenDif答案：B根据 “Aristotle said so”的意思可知，这里表示因为(because)亚里士多德是这样说的。15A.placeBfootCtopDceiling答案：C结合空格后面的“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two _16_ stones”可知，伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。16A.bigBsmallCequalDunequal答案：D由第13空中的关键信息“large bodies”和“small ones”可知，此处表示使用了两个不同重量的石头，因此选unequal “不相等的”。17A.spiritBskillCtheoryDdiscovery答案：A由后面的 “of going direct to Nature”可知，此处表示探索自然的精神(spirit)。18A.plansBopinionsCworldDability答案：B与后面的 “andtheories by experiment”中的theories呼应，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点(opinions)和理论。19A.makesBpreventsCconsidersDpromises答案：A由下文中的“are those whose observations have _20_ better results”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。make “使变成”符合句意。20A.foreseenBrejectedCproducedDchallenged答案：C结合上文中所举的例子可知，观察已经产生(produced)了更好的结果。2. 语法填空(2017年广西南宁、钦州市高三二模)Salt is a musthave seasoning (调味品) in our homes.But 1._ (have) too much of it may cause health problems, from strokes to heart disease.So should we just give it up? Well, for salt 2._ (love) who also like to look after their health, the good news is that Japanese scientists have given us a guiltfree way of enjoying the seasoning.Theyve created an electric saltflavored fork.The Electro Fork can run for six hours without charging and it is 3._ (help) to give food a salty taste.It 4._ (develop) by Tokyo University as part of the No Salt Restaurant project in 2016, which aimed to offer either lowsalt 5._ saltfree food.The restaurant opened 6._ (it) doors for a trial on April 10.How do you get to taste salt? All you have to do 7._ (be) to press the button on the fork.Then it releases an electrical current and stimulates (刺激) your tongue.Apart 8._ stimulating the tongue to make you taste saltiness, this device can also be used 9._ (let) you taste sourness.It is based on the fact 10._ a human tongue feels salty or sour when electricity is applied to it, according to The Telegraph newspaper.本文是一篇说明文，介绍日本科学家发明了一种电子咸味叉子，以减少人们食盐的摄入。1having现在分词短语做主语。2lovers从后面的关系词who可以看出，此处要有一个表示人的名词，而从句的谓语是复数，故填lovers。3helpful句意：对于给予食物咸味，它是有帮助的。用形容词词性。4was developed做句子的谓语。表示“被Tokyo University研发”，要用被动语态。时间是“in 2016”，要用一般过去时。5oreither.or.意为“要么要么”。6its修饰doors用形容词性物主代词its。7is做句子的谓语，主语是all，表示“你要做的事”，谓语用单数形式。8fromapart from意为“除以外”，为固定搭配。9to letbe used to do意为“被用来做”。10that引导同位语从句，表示fact的内容。3. 语法填空Id like to say something about WeChat. Nowadays, it _1_ (become) more and more popular in China. No matter where we are, we can send text or voice messages to our friends. We can also find someone _2_ (talk) to by shaking our cellphones. And WeChat can help search for people _3_ (use) this application nearby. Many people like this function (功能), _4_ it can help them make more new friends.All in all, WeChat is really _5_ useful chatting (聊天) tool. It allows us to communicate and share our _6_ (feel) with others more easily. However, it may also do harm to people, especially to students. As you see, some people use WeChat for too long every day, which is of course bad _7_ their health. So it is very important that we use WeChat in a correct way. While studying, we should not use it. And we must be careful not to give away too much _8_ (person) information or trust strangers so much. Or we might be easily cheated online.In a word, we should learn how to use WeChat _9_ (proper). Remember WeChat is not everything in _10_ (you) life.语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。作为一款功能非常强大的交际应用程序，微信已经被广泛使用。但是，我们应该合理使用它。1is becoming根据“nowadays”及“more and more”可知，这里用现在进行时。2to talk“to talk to”是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰不定代词someone。3usingpeople是动词use所表示动作逻辑上的主语，故用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰people。4because/for主句和从句之间在意义上存在因果关系，故用because/for引导原因状语从句。5a微信是一个有用的聊天工具，故用不定冠词。6feelings形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填feel的名词形式feeling的复数形式。feeling意为“情感，感情”。7forbe bad for .为固定短语，意为“对有害”。8personal空格中所填单词在句中修饰名词information，故填person的形容词形式。9properly空格中所填单词在句中修饰动词use，故填proper的副词形式。10your名词前用形容词性物主代词修饰。4. 短文填空(2017年河南百校联盟英语试题)It seems that if the result is bad, which people work for will be meaningless.Personally speak, the process of fighting for the goal is less important than the result.When we fight for our goals, we will be devoted what we are doing and try to improve us.If we fail in the end, when we look back on the beginning, we will find that we are no longer the childish one.We have grown up.Whats the more, in the process of fighting, we got close to success, as the saying goes that failure are the mother of success.So dont treat the result so serious; just enjoy the process.第一处：whichwhat。what 引导主语从句，做从句中work for的宾语。第二处：speakspeaking。personally speaking就我个人而言，是固定用法。第三处：lessmore。过程比结果“更重要”。第四处：devoted后加to。be devoted to投入于，是固定搭配。第五处：usourselves。我们要提高“我们自己”，用反身代词。第六处：oneones。这里代替的是we，要用复数ones。第七处：去掉the。Whats more是固定搭配，意为“更重要的是”。第八处：gotget。这里讲的是一贯的事情，应用一般现在时。第九处：areis。主语是failure，是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。第十处：seriousseriously。修饰谓语treat做状语，用副词seriously。5. 短文改错Alice, my best friend, devotes many energy to her lessons. She is always one of the top student in our class. She loves the music so much that she made it a rule to enjoy songs in her spare time. Alice is always willing to help other, and she often helps us with our lessons. As a volunteer, she has successful organized some voluntary activities. We paid a visit a nursing home last month, so we picked up rubbish near our school. That we did was warmly welcomed. Win honor for our school, Alice is well known to us classmates.答案：Alice, my best friend, devotes energy to her lessons. She is always one of the top in our class. She loves music so much that she it a rule to enjoy songs in her spare time. Alice is always willing to help ， and she often helps us with our lessons. As a