2019届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习6语言知识运用六.docx

语言知识运用（六）1.完形填空(2017北京高考)Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada. One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man _1_ out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. Hannah was very _2_. She couldnt understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. Hannah started to think about how she could _3_， but, of course, there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve (解决) the problem of homelessness.Later, when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman, _4_ an old shopping trolley (购物车) which was piled with _5_. It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very sad, and even more _6_ to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people _7_ they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldnt _8_ as bad.Hannah began to speak out about the homelessness in Manitoba and then in other provinces. She hoped to _9_ her message of hope and awareness. She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness. She began to _10_ “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to _11_ to the cause. She also organized a fundraising (募捐) drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyones spare change during “Make Change” month. More recently, the foundation began another _12_ called National Red Scarf Daya day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canadas _13_ and homeless.There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannahs Place”， something that Hannah is very _14_ of. Hannahs Place is divided into several areas, providing shelter for people when it is so cold that _15_ outdoors can mean death. In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of _16_. For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the _17_ of young people to change the world. But _18_ all this, Hannah still has the _19_ life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a _20_ in the world. You can, too!篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位心地善良的小女孩Hannah，在两次目睹了无家可归的流浪者的悲惨生活后，积极组织和参与社会公益活动，用实际行动帮助无家可归者和饥饿者。1A.jumpingBeatingCcryingDwaving答案：B根据后面的“the man was homeless and hungry”可知，那个人无家可归，并且很饿，所以他应该是从垃圾桶里找东西吃(eating)。2A.annoyedBnervousCashamedDupset答案：D根据后面的“She couldnt understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.”可知，她不能理解为什么一些人没有庇护之所，没有足够的食物，这让她很难过(upset)。第二段最后一句出现的sad是近义词复现，也可由此印证答案。3A.behaveBmanageChelpDwork答案：C根据后面的“there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve(解决) the problem of homelessness”可知，Hannah想尽一己之力帮助(help)无家可归者，不过一个5岁的女孩毕竟能力有限，可做的事情不多。4A.pushingBcarryingCbuyingDholding答案：A根据后面的“an old shopping trolley(购物车)”可知，她看到的那个妇女推着(pushing)一辆旧的购物车。5A.goodsBbottlesCfoodsDbags答案：D根据后面的“It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them.”可知，那个女人所有的家当好像都在包里，所以购物车里应该堆满了包(bags)。6A.excitedBdeterminedCenergeticDgrateful答案：B根据第一段的内容可知，Hannah在5岁时就想帮助无家可归者，根据第三、四段的内容可知，Hannah做了一些事情来帮助他们，所以此处表示，见到这个无家可归的女人，她很伤心，这更坚定了(determined)她要做点儿事情的决心。7A.sinceBunlessCalthoughDas答案：A根据第一段的内容“She asked her mother why he did that.”可知，自从(since)她们第一次见到那个无家可归的人，Hannah就和她的妈妈一直讨论他们的生活。since “自以来”，可引导时间状语从句。8A.soundBgetCfeelDlook答案：C根据空前的“made her sad”可知，碰到无家可归的人让Hannah很伤心，所以她的妈妈告诉她，如果她能做点儿什么来改变这种状况，那么她就不会感觉(feel)这么糟糕了。9A.exchangeBleaveCkeepDspread答案：D根据此段第一句中的“began to speak out”可知，Hannah开始在公开场合做些关于帮助无家可归的人的演讲，想呼吁人们关注他们。她希望把这种希望传播(spread)下去，并提升人们的意识。10A.sellBdeliverChostDpack答案：C根据此空句子的后半句可知，她开始举办午宴，希望商界大亨能慷慨解囊，资助她的慈善事业。host “举办”，符合语境。11A.contributeBleadCapplyDagree答案：Acontribute to 意为“捐献”，符合语境。12A.campaignBtripCprocedureDtrial答案：A空格前的another提示，前面已经出现过一个同类型的名词，且前文提到的与募捐有关的活动，由此可知， another后面是另一个活动(campaign)National Red Scarf Day，人们在当天捐献20美元。13A.elderlyBhungryClonelyDsick答案：B第一段中提到了“the man was homeless and hungry”和本空相呼应，是单词复现。14A.awareBafraidCproudDsure答案：C根据下文的描述，Hannahs Place分布在好几个区，为流浪者提供了栖身之处，所以Hannah已经给很多流浪者提供了帮助，这是她感到骄傲的(proud)事。15A.goingBsleepingCtravellingDplaying答案：BHannah给流浪者提供了栖身之处，让他们在严寒的天气有地方可住。在寒冷的天气，睡(sleeping)在户外可能意味着死亡。16A.praisesBinvitationsCrepliesDappointments答案：A根据本段中的“she received the 2007 BRICK Award”可判断她因自己的善行获得了很多赞扬(praises)。17A.needsBinterestsCdreamsDefforts答案：DHannah获得了2007年BRICK Award，这个奖项是对年轻人为改变世界所做出努力(efforts)的认可。18A.forBthroughCbesidesDalong答案：B根据语境并结合下文可知，经历过这一切，Hannah依然过着正常的校园生活。through “经过，通过”，符合语境。19A.healthyBpublicCnormalDtough答案：C根据上下文可知，在做慈善的过程中，她依旧过着普通(normal)校园女孩的生活，和其他女孩并无区别，只是常常要去探望无家可归的人。20A.choiceBprofitCjudgementDdifference答案：D根据上文内容可知，Hannah是通过自己的努力改变世界的年轻人之一。make a difference “起作用，有影响”，符合语境。2. 语法填空(2017年四川省遂宁市高三三诊)Dragon Head Raising Day, 1._ falls each year on the second day of the second lunar month is one of the Chinese traditional festivals.As the proverb goes, “The dragon is awaked, 2._ (raise) his head”On this day, dragons, a prominent totem (图腾) in Chinese culture raise 3._ (they) heads with the sound of thunder.Around this time, the earth 4._ (burst) with lifegrass and trees are beginning to shoot up.In ancient China, people 5._ (pray) the dragon god beside a river or a lake for the precious spring rains to breed their crops. 6._ (tradition), food eaten on this day was renamed after parts of the dragon.For instance, wontons (馄饨) were called “dragons eyes”The special 7._ (food) usually eaten on this day include dragons scales, popcorn and pigs head.In Shanxi, people get their hair 8._ (cut) in a symbolic move to remove the old and embrace the new.In 9._ countryside in Hebei Province, people would fetch water from a well at dawn.It was believed 10._ on this day the well was full of dragon eggs which would bring the collector good harvest.本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国农历二月二“龙抬头”这个节日。1which引导非限制性定语从句，做从句的主语，代替前面的先行词“Dragon Head Raising Day”，用关系词which。2raising主语是“The dragon”，和“raise”形成主谓结构，用现在分词做伴随状语表主动。3their修饰名词heads，用形容词性物主代词their。4is bursting句意：在这个时候土地正在爆发出生命。要用现在进行时。5would pray/prayed在古时候，应用过去时，或用would do的形式表示在过去一段时间经常发生的动作。6Traditionally副词做状语，修饰整个句子。7foodsfood是可数名词，从上下文看，不止一种食物，要用复数形式。8cut做宾语补足语。“their hair”与“cut”是动宾关系，要用过去分词表被动。9thein the countryside在乡下，用定冠词。10thatit是形式主语，that引导主语从句。It is believed that.据认为3. 语法填空The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists, drug manufacturers and governments.The WHO wants them to work together _1_ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria.These bacteria _2_ (be) able to resist _3_ (power) antibiotic (抗生素) drugs.The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name “superbug”The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human _4_ (healthy)It said they have _5_ ability to easily turn treatable infections into killers.The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material _6_ helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.MariePaule Kieny is the Assistant DirectorGeneral at the WHO.She said, “Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out _7_ treatment options.” She urged governments to give drug companies reasons to develop new treatments.“If we leave it to market forces alone, the new antibiotics we most _8_ (urgent) need are not going to be developed in time，” she said.Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount _9_ (require) by doctors.When this happens, infections that _10_ (treat) at one time easily become resistant.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。1to develop此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to develop。2are此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“These bacteria”可知，应填are。3powerful此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。4health介词后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。human health意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。5theability被不定式短语“to easily turn treatable infections into killers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。6that/whichthat/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material。7of固定搭配run out of意为“用完”，故填介词of。8urgently副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。9required分析句子结构可知，require和amount之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。10were treated根据时间状语“at one time”可知，treat所表示的动作发生在过去，且动词treat和infections之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。4. 短文改错(2017年江西高考押题卷一)Last Sunday afternoon, I went shopping with my nephew.He is a 8yearold boy with big eyes and black hair.Because his parents was very busy, they had no time to take care him.Therefore, they asked me to look after her over the weekend.We bought some vegetable and fruit in the supermarket.I also bought him a toy, that he loved very much.On our way back home, he offers to help me with the bags.Seeing this lovely and happy boy, and I couldnt help think of my childhood.How unforgettably a time it was!第一处：aan。8yearold是以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。第二处：waswere。主语是复数名词parents，故谓语动词用复数形式。第三处：care后加of。take care of 照料，照顾，为固定搭配。第四处：herhim。从上文可知此处指代男孩，故把her改为him。第五处：vegetablevegetables。vegetable是可数名词，故用复数形式。第六处：thatwhich。非限制性定语从句中缺少宾语，指代a toy, that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故把that改为which。第七处：offersoffered。文章讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。第八处：去掉I前的and。“Seeing this lovely and happy boy”是非谓语动词短语做状语，不和句子构成并列关系，故去掉and。第九处：thinkthinking。cant/couldnt help doing sth.情不自禁做某事。第十处：unforgettablyunforgettable。系动词was后面应该用形容词。5. 短文改错 My parents were away for a whole week visit my grandparents in a city about 200 kilometres away. I was really exciting at the thought of being at home alone and doing everything by myself. I was watching TV one night that the screen suddenly went black. I check, finding that there was no electricity.It was too lately at night to do anything, so I went to bed earlier. The next morning, I rang mother and she told me to take the electricity card to the bank and bought some electricity. I did as she told me. When I got back home, I put a card into the meter and the electricity started working again. Although in the night I was a bit worried, especially because there was no electricity, but I was happy that I could solve the problem in the end.答案： My parents were away for a whole week my grandparents in a city about 200 kilometres away. I was really at the thought of being at home alone and doing everything by myself. I was watching TV one night the screen suddenly went black. I ， finding that there was no electricity.It w