研究生英语课后习题ppt课件.ppt

1 Comprehension AnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternativeA B CorDundereach Youareallowed2minutes30secondsforthispart 1 Thosepeoplewho keeptheireyeuponthedoughnutratherthanonthehole areconsideredpositive thinkersbytheauthorarelikelytoseetheirglassashalfemptyviewtheirsuccessesandfailuresmoreobjectivelyhavesuddenlybecometheobjectofscientificresearchonclich s Menu Answers 2 Comprehension 2 Anoptimist isalwaysincontrolofhisownlifeoftenoverestimateshisabilitiesmightlivelongerthanapessimistwhensufferingfromcertainillnesssuchascancerencountersdifferentchallengesanddisappointmentsfromapessimist3 Thepessimist A seldomsucceedsinwhathedoesB attributeshissuccesstoluckC triesdifferentapproacheswhenhisfirstattemptfailsD knowshowtotakegoodcareofhimself Answers Menu 3 4 TheMetropolitanLifeInsuranceCompanyhired100newemployeesbecause theyfailedthestandardindustrytesttheirhighscoresonoptimismimpressedthecompanytheywerenotlikelytobehiredbyothercompaniesthecompanywasimpressedbytheresultofastudydonebysomepsychologists Comprehension Menu Answers 4 5 The100newemployees sold37 moreinsurancethantheaveragerepresentativessold20 moreinsurancethanthenegativethinkerssold10 moreinsurancethanlongtimerepresentativesprovedthattheycoulddobetteratsellinginsurancethanthecompany saveragesalesrepresentative Comprehension Answers Menu 5 6 AccordingtoSeligman thesecrettoanoptimist ssuccesscanbefoundin hisexplanatorystyle bywhichhemeansthattheoptimist isabletoexplainmoreclearlytothecustomerssoundsmorepleasantinhisexplanationtriestofindfaultswithotherfactorsotherthaninhimselfforhisfailurehasmoreconfidenceinhimselfthaninothers Comprehension Menu Answers 6 7 Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethattheauthorthinksthat peoplewillbeabletopreventdepressionandpainfulshynessiftheylearntothinkmorepositivelybusinesscompaniesmightmakebetterjudgmentiftheytesttheattitudesoftheapplicantsinsteadofgivingthemthestandardindustrytestbeforehiringthemoneismorelikelytosucceedthenexttimeifoneisabletolayblamesonotherswhenonehasfailedone sbeliefthatonecansucceedwillguaranteehissuccess Comprehension Answers Menu 7 8 Whetherpositiveornegative aperson sattitudetowardslifeisathinkinghabit inheritedfromeitherofhisparentsformedwhenheisveryyoungacquiredafterhehasgainedconsiderableexperiencenevertobegotridof Comprehension Menu Answers 8 9 Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage Mostpeoplecannotbeconvenientlyputunderthecategoryofoptimistorpessimist Therearemorepositivethinkersamongoptimiststhanamongpessimists Itisnotsureyetwhetherpsychologicaltreatmentwillhelpcancerpatients Bylookingintotrainingopportunitiesandcheckingjobleads apessimistwillbecomeanoptimist Comprehension Answers Menu 9 10 Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthestepsmentionedbytheauthorinformingamorepositiveattitudetowardslife A Documentyourgloomythoughts B Dosomethingagainstyournegativeinclination C Recordwhathappens D Findthecausesforyourfailuremoreobjectively Comprehension Menu Answers 10 Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 1 Thosewhobelievedtheirreligiousleader sprophecythattheendoftheworldwouldcomesoonwentintoapanic announcementB forecastC predictionD declaration2 Itbecameobviouswhentheboyflounderedthroughtherecitationinclasstodaythathehadnottakenthetroubletodohishomework meditatedB falteredC contemplatedD staggered Answers Menu 11 Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 3 Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheyshouldavoidusingclich sintheircomposition A popularproverbsB well knownstoriesC famousquotationsD triteexpressions4 Afterlisteningtothesameoldmorallessonalltheseyears thevillagersbecamealmostimmunetoit A insensitivetoB fedupwithC familiarwithD accustomedto Menu Answers 12 Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 5 Ican tclaimcreditforherEnglishproficiency afterall sheonlycametomyclassthissemester askformoneyB expectpaymentC saythatIdeservepraiseD declarethatIamgrateful Answers Menu 13 Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 6 Believeitornot thispopularnovelnowyouseeoneveryshelfwascensoredonlyafewyearsago officiallyexaminedandbannedB despisedbythegeneralpublicC soldoutsoonafteritspublicationD condemnedbythecritics Menu Answers 14 Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 7 Thepartyleaderregardstheresultoftheelectionasapersonaltriumph victoryB celebrationC satisfactionD propaganda8 Theimmigrationofficerscrutinizedhispassportbeforehewasallowedtoleave StampedB examinedC returnedD issued Answers Menu 15 Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 9 Hesufferedalongperiodofdepressionbeforehisfirstsuicideattempt InoculationB hypertensionC ailmentsD dejection10 Hewasneverabletoenjoythemetropolitandelightsofcinemasandtheatres artisticB modernC urbanD various Menu Answers 16 Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 11 Hequickly behindthebuildingtoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection eludedB evadedC escapedD dodged12 Hisdislikeofthecoursemayprovetobea barrierhecannotovercome BiologicalB ideologicalC spiritualD psychological Answers Menu 17 Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 13 AstheCupFinalwasdrawingcloser theinjuryofthebestplayerwasa forthewholeteam misdemeanourB mistrustC misfortuneD mischief14 Thebestsolutiontotheproblemcanonlybefoundbyaprocessoftrialand errorB mistakeC successD experiment Menu Answers 18 Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 15 Hethoughtthathemightbeabletoavoidpayingsomeofhistaxesbytakingadvantageofthe inthelaw A circlesB loopholesC exceptionsD misunderstanding16 Whenhelivedinthatremoteplace radiowastheonlymeanshehadtokeep ofcurrenteventsinthecountry accountB traceC recordD track Menu Answers 19 Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 17 whatisgenerallybelieved theadjustmenttothiskindofworkisquiteeasy ContrarytoB ContrastwithC ControversialofD Contradictoryto18 Theflashingredlightservedasa ofdangerahead predictorB cautionC precautionD prevention Answers Menu 20 Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 19 Theirconfidenceinhimwasgreatly byhisprolongedhesitationbeforetakinganyaction appreciatedB confirmedC underminedD cherished20 Yourheadacheislikelyto ifitsrealcauseisnotidentifiedandpropertreatmentadministeredaccordingly cureB recoverC recurD release Menu Answers 21 Cloze ReadthepassagethroughandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA B CorDforeachblankinthepassage Nooneisfreewhoisaslavetothebody wroteSemecasome1 900yearsago 1fromtheadvertisements products andbestsellersthatdelugeusdaily weareanationofslaves Weare2withbeingthin beautiful young andsexy andwewillgotoextraordinary3toapproachthoseideals A judgeB JudgingC JudgedD beingjudgedA obsessedB possessedC absorbedD occupiedA troublesB effortsC lengthsD extremes Answers Menu 22 Close InarecentissueofPsychologyToday weofferedreaderstheopportunitytoexpresstheirthoughtsandfeelingsaboutthe4 Thetopicwastimelyandtheresponse5 morethan62 000readersreturnedthe109 item Body Image questionnaire Buttheyweredividedand6onthematterof7importantattractivenessandphysicallooksare orshouldbe 4 A idealB mindC bodyD opinionA overwhelmingB enthusiasticC controversialD contradictoryA ambientB AmbitiousC AmbiguousD AmbivalentA whatB whyC howD which Menu Answers 23 A8numberofpeoplewroteletterstoprotesta wholesurvey onthebody Somesaidthatappearanceisasuperficialmatter not9unduediscussion Bycontrast otherrespondents10 somereluctantly theimportanceofone sappearance Inourstudies wefoundthatbodyimageisstrongly11self esteem thegeneralfeeling12oneiscompetentandconfident A goodB manyC lotD tremendousA worthyB unworthyC worthwhileD worthyofA testifiedB verifiedC confessedD acknowledgedA linkedbyB associatedwithC concernedaboutD relatedto12 A thatB whichC ofD since Answers Menu 24 Peoplewhoarehappywiththeirbodiesmayactuallybemoreassertiveandlikeablethanthosewhohave13bodyimages Ortheythinktheyare Oneyoungmanexplainedthatinthelastyearhisbodyimagehaschangedverymuch14thebetter asaresultofhispersonaldevelopment I vegonefromconsideringmyselfsomesortofdumb headto15thatI mafascinatingindividualnearlyimpossibletodislike IhavemorefriendsthanIknowwhattodowith 13 A positiveB negativeC superficialD satisfactory14 A toB forC tobeD into15 A understandingB believingC regardingD remembering Menu Answers 25 Unit2 26 Comprehension AnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternativeA B CorDundereach Youareallowed2minutes30secondsforthispart 1 Ames sappearanceatlastyear smeetingshowedthat helikedtoenjoytheCaliforniasunshinehewastoobusytocareforhimselfhewasparticularabouthisclotheshepaidnoattentiontohimself Menu Answers 27 Comprehension 2 AccordingtoAmes inoureraman madecarcinogensare lessdangerousthannaturalcarcinogensasdangerousasnaturalcarcinogensmoredangerousthannaturalcarcinogensthelatestcancerscare3 Amesslaughterssacredcows meansthat AmesoftenkillscowsAmeslikestoeatbeefAmesdoesn tbelieveinanyreligionAmesdefiesanythingregardedasabovecriticism Answers Menu 28 4 WhatAmesreallywantstosayinhisreportinSciencemagazineisthat dailyconsumptionoftheaveragepeanut buttersandwichis100timesmoredangerousthanourdailyintakeofDDTfromfoodaglassofthemostpollutedwellwaterintheSiliconValleyis1 000timeslessofcancerriskthanaglassofwineorbeerispeopleshouldstopconsumingpeanut butter beerandwinemostman madecancerrisksaretrivialcomparedwithdailynaturalrisksandit snotclearhowmanyofthesearerealrisks Comprehension Menu Answers 29 5 BeforeAmesdevelopedacarcinogentestusingbacteria scientists madetheirexperimentsonbacteriadidnotknowthatbacteriaweresensitivetomutagenshadknownthatbacteriaweresensitivetocarcinogenshadspentmuchtimeandmoneymakingexperimentsonbacteria Comprehension Answers Menu 30 6 In1974 Amessuddenlybecameaheroofenvironmentalistsas hesuggestedthatsomestudentstestvarioushouseholdproductsmanycommonhairdyestestedpositiveaflameretardantusedinchildren spajamastestedpositivehisfindingsresultedinnewregulationsandlawsoncertainchemicals Comprehension Menu Answers 31 7 Peopletendtoassumenatureisbenignbecause theybelieveonlyman madechemicalscouldbedangerousAmeshaderredwithhisteststheyarenaiveandignorantabouttheAmesTestmostnaturalsubstanceshavebeentestednegativeascarcinogensormutagens Comprehension Answers Menu 32 8 Environmentalists argumentagainstAmesisthat AmesisastoogeforthechemicalindustryAmesdoesconsultingforthechemicaldrugandfoodcompaniesorlawfirmsAmeshaserredinsupposingthatwehavetomakeachoicebetweencancerrisksMoreattentionshouldbepaidtoTCEindrinkingwaterthanpubliceducationofcigarettesmoking Comprehension Menu Answers 33 9 Ames sreplytotheenvironmentalistsisthat wehavetopayforlivinginamodernindustrialsocietyweshouldnotwastetimeontriviaattheexpenseofrealriskswehavetogetridofharmfulchemicalsinthewateratanycostseverychemicalcompanyshoulddumpitsgarbageoutthebackdoor Comprehension Answers Menu 34 10 Fromthetextwecaninferthatman madecarcinogensare nomoreharmfultotheAmericanpublicthanapeanut buttersandwichnotmoreharmfultotheAmericanpublicthanapeanut buttersandwichmoreharmfultotheAmericanpublicthanapeanut buttersandwichharmfultotheAmericanpublicwhileapeanut buttersandwichisnot Comprehension Menu Answers 35 11 Ameshasadopteda attitudetowardsCalifornia sProposition65 watch and waitB no commentC criticalD respectful Comprehension Answers Menu 36 Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 1 Afterhisfatherdied Billtookonthemanagementofthefactory gotB undertookC organizedD held2 Thosestudentswhohaveaccesstohisesotericdiscussionswereimpressedbythescopeofhisthinking knownbyfewB knowntoallC verylivelyD quitepopular Menu Answers 37 Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 3 Themusicoftheradiodistractedmefrommyreading A engrossedB confusedC refrainD diverted4 AbrahamLincolnwasquintessentialAmericanpatriot A greatB famousC typicalD revered Answers Menu 38 Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 5 Everynowandthen thespeakerinterjectedsomewittyremark A rejectedB criticizedC insertedD jeered6 Whydoyougetangryoversuchtrivialmatters A ofgreatworthB ofgreatbenefitC oflittleworthD oflittlehelp Menu Answers 39 Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 7 Theyoungestboywaslaughedatforhisnaiveremarks innocentB wittyC amusingD foolish8 Theladyrumpledherskirtbysittingontheseatwhileflying A disorderedB disarrangedC creasedD crashed Answers Menu 40 Vocabulary A IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA B C orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase 9 Thousandsofpeopleareneedlesslyslaughteredinroadaccidentsinhiscountryeachyear woundedB killedC injuredD crushed10 Iboughtthisclothcheapbecausethereisasmalldefectinit A spotB dotC flawD point Menu Answers 41 Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 11 Yourjobisnottomakedecisionsbutto pleteB accomplishC ImplementD affect12 Wouldyou himamongtheworld sgreatstatesmen A rankB callC nameD hail Answers Menu 42 Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 13 Understandingisoneofthemostimportant ofasuccessfulmarriage ingredientsB standardsC keysD methods14 Thereare ofpoisoninthedeadman sblood A piecesB tracesC slicesD lots Menu Answers 43 Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 15 Hehadbeenillformonths andweweredisturbedbyhis complexion fairB sallowC darkD white16 Awitnessincourtis totellthetruth temptedB obligatedC urgedD praised Answers Menu 44 Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 17 A swellingortumourcanusuallybecured malignantB benignC smallD mild18 Itisbetterto onthesideofmercy A errB addC workD offer Menu Answers 45 Vocabulary B Choosethecorrectanswer Onlyoneansweriscorrect 19 Hehasavery address helivesinthebestpartoftown wealthyB comfortableC prestigiousD Accessible20 Wealllistenedtothepriest thepsalm intoningB utteringC speakingD delivering Answers Menu 46 Cloze ReadthepassagethroughandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA B CorDforeachblankinthepassage Weallknowthatnormalhumandaily1ofactivityisofsome7 8hours sleep2withsome16 17hours wakefulnessandthat broadlyspeaking thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursof3 A lifeB cycleC operationD planA alternatingB keepingC goingD shiftingA dawnB quietnessC darknessD mid night Menu Answers 47 Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthisnormalitycanbemodified Thequestionisnomoreanacademicone Theease forexample withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhere4callsinsistentlyforround the clockworkingofmachine Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoa5routineofsleepandwakefulness sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight A productionB automationC managementD manufactureA fixedB reservedC givenD reversed Answers Menu 48 Unfortunately itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek apersonmayworkfrom12mid nightto8a m 6week 8a m to4p m thenext and4p m to12mid nightthethirdandsoon Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutine7hewastochangetoanother sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingefficiently A aB firstC oneD theA thanB whenC oneD while Menu Answers 49 Oneanswerwouldseemtobelongerperiodsoneachshift amonth oreventhreemonths Recentresearch however hasshownthatpeopleonsuchsystemswillgetbackintotheirnormalhabitsofsleepandwakefulnessduringtheweekendandthatthisisquiteenoughto8anyadaptationtonightworkbuiltupduringtheweek A harmB changeC demolishD reduce Answers Menu 50 Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohand9thenightshifttoa10ofpermanentnightworkerswhoseadaptationtonightworkmaypersist11allweekendsandholidays Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1967 A downB overC fromD InA corpsB crowdC gangD flockA inB forC throughD on Menu Answers 51 Shefoundahigh12ofdisturbedsleep digestivedisorderanddomesticdisruptionamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthese13amongthoseonpermanentnightwork A incidenceB happeningC levelD possibilityA diseasesB symbolsC signsD symptoms Answers Menu 52 Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong termpolicy but forthetimebeing somethingmaybedonetorelievethe14ofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmost15tothechangesofroutine A taskB hardshipC strainsD weightA permanentlyB FrequentlyC willinglyD quickly Menu Answers 53 Unit3 54 Comprehension AnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternativeA B CorDundereach Youareallowed2minutes30secondsforthispart 1 Accordingtothepassage iftheratfailstofigureoutthenewsystem itfinallysucceedsingettingfooditjumpsandbumpsitsnoseitrefusestojumpatallitfindsanewwaytosolvetheproblem Menu Answers 55 Comprehension 2 Iftheratsettlesdowntoaspecificreaction itwould jumptotherightandthentotheleftjumpatthedoorwhichismarkedjumpattheopendoorjumpsolelyatoneparticulardoor3 AccordingtoDr Maier onlyhumanbeingshavenervousbreakdownsratsandhumanbeingsarealikeintheiractionswhentheyhavenervousbreakdownsratsandhumanbeingsgothroughdifferentstagesratsandhumanbeingshavethesameproblem Menu Answers 56 4 Accordingtothearticle whatcausestherat sneurosis Theimportanceoftheproblem Thecomplexityoftheproblem Theinvolvementoftheexperimenter Theinsolubilityoftheproblem 5 Whathappensinthefinalstageoftheirneurosis Theyareforcedtomakeachoice Theygocrazyandceasetocareaboutanything Theyrefusetoactatall Theyfixateontheoriginalchoice Comprehension Answers Menu 57 6 Accordingtothepassage thewifenagsherhusbandmoreandmorebecauseof afixatedreactionangeratherhusbandanxietyaboutherhusband sfaultsimpatiencewithherhusband smistakes7 Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthelistofpeoplew