食品专业英语ppt课件.ppt

1 2 Vitamins 3 Whatarevitamins Thevitaminisakindoftraceorganicsubstancethatthehumanandanimalmustobtainedfromfoodstomaintainnormalphysiological fizi l d ikl functions andplaysanimportantroleinhumangrowth metabolismanddevelopment NOTICE Vitaminsneitherparticipateintheformingofhumancellsnorprovideenergyforthebody 4 Theclassificationofvitamins Basedonthedifferentsolubility thevitaminscanbedividedintothefatsoluble vitaminsandwater solublevitamins 5 Vocabulary v k bj l ri excrete ik skri t eliminatefromthebody排泄 分泌 排出 排除Endothelial end i li l oforrelatingtoorlocatedintheendothelium 医 内皮的Retinol retin l n 松香油 维生素A 视黄醇fracture fr kt r vt 预兆 先兆 6 Vocabulary excreteEndothelialRetinolfractureprecursor 7 toxic t ksik adj 有毒的 中毒的 因中毒引起的n 毒物 毒剂 calcium k lsi m n 钙 phosphorus f sf r s n 化 磷 磷光体 Prostate pr steit n 前列腺 adj 前列腺的 colon k ul n n 冒号 结肠 spinabifida spain bifid n 脊柱裂 homocysteine h um u sisti in 同型半胱氨酸perniciousanemia p ni s ni mi 恶性贫血 8 toxic t ksik calcium k lsi m phosphorus f sf r s Prostate pr steit colon k ul n spinabifida spain bifid homocysteine h um u sisti in perniciousanemia p ni s ni mi 9 disorientation dis ri n tei n n 方向障碍 迷惑hallucination h lu si nei n n 幻觉 幻想tingling ti gli v 有刺痛感 tingle的现在分词 scurvy sk vi n 坏血病 adj 下贱的 卑鄙的collagen k l d n n 胶原质 生化 胶原蛋白berries beriz n 葡萄 番茄等 浆果 干果仁 干种子 broccoli br k li n 花椰菜 西兰花 spinach spinit n 菠菜 胡说八道 10 disorientation dis ri n tei n hallucination h lu si nei n tingling ti gli scurvy sk vi collagen k l d n berries beriz broccoli br k li spinach spinit 11 Functions DeficienciseandSources 12 Text Oneofthemajorqualityofourfoodsupplyisitscontentofvitaminsandminerals Vitaminsaredifinedasorganicmaterialswhichmustbesuppliedtothehumanbodyinsmallamountsapartfromtheessentialamino acidsorfattyacids Vitaminsfunctionasenzymesystemswhichfacilitatethemetabolismproteins carbohydratesandfatsbutthereisgrowingevidencethattheirrolesinmaintaininghealthmayextendyetfurther Youneedonlysmallamounts that swhytheyareoftenreferredtoasmicronutrients becausethebodyusesthemwithoutbreakingthemdown ashappenstocarbohydratesandothermacronutrients Sofar 13compoundshavebeenclassifiedasvitamins VitaminsA D E andK thefourfat solublevitamins theirabsorptionbythebodydependsuponthenormalabsorptionoffatfromthediet tendtoaccumulateinthebody VitaminCandtheeightBvitamins biotin folate niacinpantothenicacid riboflavin thiamin vitaminB6 andvitaminB12 dissolveinwater soexcessamountsareexcreted 13 文字简洁精练英语科技论文一般句子较长 虽然借助介词 关系词 连接词把各成分连接成一个整句 使其通顺明了 但长句通常使读者颇费思考 一般还是将过长的句子分成几个短句为好 50wordslong Example 14 名词化结构有利于行文简洁 表达客观 内容确切 也可使所含信息量增大 尤其是科技英语强调存在的事实 而非个别行为 不定式短语 ing分词短语和 ed分词短语这三种非限定动词形式具有齐备的语法功能 可代替各种从句 这样既可缩短句子 行文简练 结构紧凑 又比较醒目 15 Undertheconditionswhichwereused TheexperimentalresultsinFig 2shows Example Example 16 VitaminsAdoesmuchmorethanhelpyouseeinthedark Itstimulatestheproductionandactivityofwhitebloodcells takespartinremodelingbone helpsmaintainthehealthofendothelialcells thoseliningthebody sinteriorsurfaces andregulatescellgrowthanddivision Althoughit srelativelyeasytogettoolittlevitaminA it salsoeasytogettoomuch Intakeofupto10000IU twicethecurrentrecommendeddailylevel isthoughttobesafe However thereissomeevidencethatthismuchpreformedvitaminAmightincreasetheriskofhopfractureorsomebirthdefects ThecurrentrecommendedintakeofvitaminAis800microgramsofretinolformenand700microgramsforwomen Manybreakfastcereals juices dairyproducts andotherfoodsarefortifiedwithvitaminA 17 Manyfruitandvegetables andsomesupplements alsocontainbeta caroteneandothervitaminAprecursors whichthebodycanturnintovitaminA IncontrasttopreformedvitaminA beta caroteneisnottoxicevenathighlevelsofintake ThebodycanformvitaminAfrombeta caroteneasneeded andthereisnoneedtomonitorintakelevels Therefore itispreferabletochooseavitaminsupplementthathasallorthevastmajorityofitsvitaminAintheformofbeta carotene 18 解释 因果承接 常用therefore thus sothat consequently等词 Example Example39 Example40 19 VitaminA Functions 1 TheVitaminAcanmaintainsnormaleyesightandpreventnyctalopia nikt l upi 夜盲症 anddry eyedisease Rhodopsin 视紫质 isanimportantpartoftheretina 视网膜 IfanimallacksvitaminA Itcannotsynthesize sin saiz enoughrhodopsin whichcouldleadtonightblindness 2 VAisrelatedtoregulationofnutrientmetabolism VitaminAhassomethingtodowiththemetabolismofcarbohy drate fat proteinandmineral Infact itplaysaroleofregulating 20 VitaminA DeficiencyLackingofvitaminAforalongtime theanimalwouldsuffersfromthenightblindness Growthandproductivityslowdown Thelayingrateandthehatchingrateofthepoutryshowadowntrend Thefuroftheanimallooksrough Theanimalwilllosttheappetite SourcesVitaminAcomesmainlyfromtheanimalsources suchasthefishmeal eggyolk milk bloodmealanimalliverandsoon 21 VitaminD Functions 1 Promotetheabsorptionofcalciumandphosphorus VitaminDcanpromotetheformationofcalcium bindproteininenterocytes 肠细胞 andactivatethetransportsystemofcal ciumandphosphorusinintestinalepithelial 上皮的 cells Inaddition VitaminDcanhelptherenaltubular 肾小球 toreabsorbtheCalciumandphosphate 2 VDisimportantforthegrowthofbonesandteeth ThestorageofcalciumandphosphorusinbonecanbecontroledbyVitaminD whichcanimprovethestateofcalciumandphosphorus 22 VitaminD DeficiencyAlackofVitaminDcanleadtostopofbonecalcification Asaresultofthat rickets 佝偻病 willappearinyounganimalsandosteomalacia 骨软化症 orosteoporosis 骨质疏松症 sti up r sis willappearinadultanimals Besides thelayingrateofpoultryreduce SourcesInnature VitaminDexistsinavarietyofforms SuchasD2 D3andD4 Amongthem D2andD3arethemostimportantforanimals TheVitaminD2mainlycomesfromplantswhiletheVitaminD3mainlycomesfromanimalsources 23 VitaminE Functions 1 Ithasthepromotionofsexhormonesecretionandtheregula tionofgonadal 性腺 developmentandfunction Itcanimprovesthereproductivefunction Soitalsocalledtocopherol 2 VEcanleadstoaterminationofperoxidationprocessofbodyfat stabilizestheunsaturatedfattyacidsandprotectstheinte grityofbiologicalmembranes 3 VEisnecessaryforthestructure functionofskeletalmuscle skelitl m sl 骨骼肌 cardiac k di k muscle 心肌 andthesmoothmuscle 24 VitaminE DeficiencyWhenitislacking themusculardystrophy 营养不良 whitemuscledisease occuresfirst Inaddition italsohasaseriousinfluenceonthereproductivefunction Especiallyforthemaleanimals thespermcellformationblocked thesemenqualityispoor alltheseleadtoinfertility 不育 Forfemale theconceptionratedecline theembryo 胚胎 ispronetodeathinthemidway SourcesAnimalsource onlyincolostrum 初乳 ofcattleandhumanPlantsource widelyinnature vegetableoilespeciallywheatgermoil Themostofgreenfeedisagoodsource 25 V