阅读理解精讲ppt课件.ppt

Howtomakelogicalinference ReadingComprehension 1 Therearethreemenonatrain MrAspeaksEnglishandChinese MrBspeaksFrenchandEnglish MrCcanonlytalkwithMrA WhatlanguagedoesMrCspeak Chinese 2 typesofinference InferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfactsInferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontextInferencebasedontheauthor sopinionsorattitudes 3 1 Wecaninfer 推断 fromthepassagethat 2 Thestorysuggests 暗示 that 3 Wecanconclude 得出结论 fromthepassagethat 4 Whichofthefollowingmighthappenlater 5 Fromthepassagewecantell learn 6 Thewriterofthepassageconsidersit 7 Whichofthefollowingindicates implies Questionforms Keypoint 意思要靠推断得出 而不是从原文照搬 4 TypeAInferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfacts 5 Inferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfacts Inferenceaboutdata EX 1 FamilyRailcardFor 20thisrailcardallowsyoutotakeasecondadultandupto4childrenforonly 3eachwhenyoubuysingleorreturntickets Youcantravelasoftenasyoulikeuntilthecardbecomesoutofdate Q Amanboughthimselfaticketof 15andthreeticketsforhisfamilywithafamilyrailcard Howmuchdidhepay A 44B 29C 24D 15 allowsyoutotakeasecondadultandupto4childrenforonly 3each 15 3x3 6 2 Inferenceaboutdetails Tokyo Threesnakes whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes areguardingabluestarsapphire 蓝宝石 worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects butit sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel apoliceofficialsaid Q Thejewelswasbeingshownin A anIndianhotelB anIndianmuseumC aJapanesehotelD aJapanesemuseum Ex 2 7 Fourpassengerswerekilledand39othersinjuredearlySundayafterabustravelingsouthonBeijing ZhuhaiFreewaybrokethroughaguardrailandfelloffacliff TrafficpoliceinShaoguanCity southChina sGuangdongProvince saidthebuscarried43passengers ItsetofffromNanyang acityincentralChina sHenanProvince at10a m SaturdayheadedforDongguaninGuangdong AllthepassengerswereresidentsfromZhenpingCountyinNanyangCity Theaccidenthappenedaround3 46a m Sundaywhenthedriverattemptedtoavoidhittinganunidentifiedobjectinfrontofthebus Youcanclickthelinkandwatchthevideotoknowmoreabouttheaccident Whereisthispassagetakenfrom NewspaperB MagazineC WebsiteD TVnews Ex 3 8 3 Inferenceaboutfacts Ex 4 SUNDAY November14DISCOSatinSoundsDisco freeatTheLordNapier MortLakeHighStreet from8a m to8p m FOLKMUSICatTheDerbyArms TheShortStuffandresidentstheNormanChopTrio Non remembers70p Tel 688 4626 HEAVYMUSICwithTonySimonatTheBull UpperRichmondRoadWest EastSheen THEDERBYARMS UpperRichmondRoadWest giveyouJoeontheelectricaccordion Q Youwanttospendthesamedayattwodifferentplacesanddon twanttocrossanystreet Whichofthefollowingisyourbestchoice A Thesing alongattheBlackHorseandJazzatTheBull sHead B Thesing alongatTheBlackHorseandFolkMusicatTheDerbyArms C FolkMusicatTheDerbyArmsandHeavyMusicwithTonySimonatTheBull D MusicalHallatTheStar GarterandDiscoatTheLordNapier 9 Humanshaveaveryvarieddiet Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitisgoodforus IncountriessuchasFranceandBritain peopleeatfoodswithtoomuchsugar Thismakesthemoverweight whichisbadfortheirhealth Eatingtoomuchredmeatandanimalproducts suchasbutter canalsobebadforthehealth Choosingtherightfood therefore hasbecomeanareaofstudyinmodemlife Q Wecanlearnfromtheparagraphthat foodischosenforagoodreasonB FrenchandBritishfoodisgoodC somepeoplehavefewchoicesoffoodD somepeoplecarelittleabouthealthydiet Ex 5 10 Discussion ThebestmethodforsolvingproblemsintypeAis 全文搜索细查勿漏准确理解简单计算依据事实理清关系 11 TypeBInferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontext 12 Inferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontext 因果关系 for since becauseof thatiswhy so therefore对比关系 whereas unlike instead otherwisehowever nevertheless onthecontrary让步关系 although eventhough despite afterall概括关系 finally generally inaword inconclusion inshort强调关系 indeed aboveall surely mostimportant补充说明关系 infact asamatteroffact inaddition inthiscase furthermore 注意信息词 航标灯 13 例 1 利用句子之间承接与转换关系推断 NowandagainIhavehadhorribledreams butnotenoughofthemmakemelosemydelightindreams Mostpeopledonotseemtoacceptdreamingaspartoftheirlives Theyappeartoseeitasanannoyinglittlehabit likesneezing 打喷嚏 Icanneverunderstandthis Mydreamlifedoesnotseemasimportantasmywakinglifebecausethereisfarlessofit buttomeitisimportant Q Whatistheauthor sattitudetowarddreaming HelikesitB Hethinksitpuzzling C HeusedtolikeitD Hedislikesit Ex 6 14 例 2 利用段落的衔接与过渡词推断 Wehavesavedasafinalsetofemotionsthetwomostimportantemotions 情感 towardsotherpeople loveanditsopposite hate Lovecanbeseeneverywhere Yetsurprisingly lovehasbeenthesubjectoflessscientificresearchthanotheremotions suchasangerandfear Thereasonforthismaybetwofold First loveisaverycomplex 复杂的 emotion difficulttodescribeandmeasure Secondly unlikemanyextremeemotions extremeloveisgenerallynotaproblem thuslessmedicalattentionhasbeenpaidtoit Q Inpreviouspassage theauthorhasprobablybeendiscussing A thetwomostimportanthumanemotions loveandhateB someemotionsthatareonlyproducedbyanimalsC someothersetsofhumanemotionsthanofloveandhateD whylovehasbeenthesubjectoflessscientificresearch Ex 7 15 例 3 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理 Afterabusydayofworkandplay thebodyneedstorest Sleepisnecessaryforgoodhealth Duringthistime thebodyrecoversfromtheactivitiesoftheday Therestthatyougetwhilesleepingmakesitpossibleforyourbodytoprepareitselfforthenextday Q Thetextsuggeststhatnotgettingenoughsleepmightmakeyou A sufferfrompoorhealthB feeltiredandnervousC dreammoreoftenD breathequickly Ex 8 16 Discussion ThebestmethodforsolvingproblemsintypeBis 弦外之音逻辑分析防止主观直接陈述未经推理必然为错过渡引申与文无关意在干扰 17 TypeC Inferencebasedontheauthor sopinionsorattitudes 18 Inferencebasedontheauthor sopinionsorattitudes What stheauthor smainpoint Theauthorseemstoagreethat Intheauthor sopinion Accordingtotheauthor Thisauthor sattitudetowards canbestbedescribedas Questionsforms Theauthor smainpurposeinwritingthisparagraphisto Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas 19 表达作者态度常用词汇小结 approving赞成的critical批评的neutral中立的suspicious怀疑的worried担忧的depressed沮丧的subjective主观的objective客观的confident有信心的optimistic乐观的hostile敌对的 negative否定的 反对的impressed有深刻印象的doubtful不敢肯定的indifferent不感兴趣的persuasive说服人的interested感兴趣的factual实事求是的questioning质问的 20 1 注意作者对比的写作方法 Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes Theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay Myparentswereonthe before sideofthatchange buttoday sparents the40 year olds wereonthe after side explainsMr Ballmer It snotsomethingeasilyaccomplishedbyparentsthesedays becauselifeismoredifficulttounderstandordealwith butsharinginterestsdoesmakeitmorefuntobeaparentnow Q Bysaying today sparents the40 year olds wereonthe after side theauthormeansthattoday sparents A followthetrendofthechangeB cansetalimittothechangeC failtotakethechangeseriouslyD havelittledifficultyadjustingtothechange 解题注意点 Ex 9 21 Wemustnotforget either thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets Newspapers commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammersisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice 2 注意仔细琢磨作者表达情感和态度的用词方式 肯定 certainly nodoubt surely 不太肯定 possibly maybe itissaidthat情感色彩 great terrific wonderfully sadly shame Q TheattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersisA appreciative B trustworthy C critical D dissatisfactory Ex 10 22 3 注意作者使用反语 Ifoundinmybaby sbehaviorametaphorforthenewgeneration MywifeandIhadgivenhimsomebookstoexamine buthemerelyspituponthem Whenwereadtohim hedidnotfeelcomfortable Andsoitisintheschools Wefindthatourstudentsdon treadandlookdownuponreadingandevenscoldthoseofuswhoteachit AlltheywanttodoiswatchTV Therefore Ihavereachedaconclusion Letthemwatchit Iftelevisionismuchmoreattractivetochildrenthanbooks whyshouldwefightit Letthemwatchalltheywant Whatdoyouthinkistheauthor sattitudetowardsTV A Curious B Worried C Unfavorable D Favorable Ex 11 23 4 注意作者对事件下的结论 Ex 12 Whyisn tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews AllIreadaboutismurder bribery 行贿 anddeath Frankly I msickofallthisbadnews Thisauthor sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto A complainB apologizeC amuseD inform 24 Ex 13 Nooneshouldbeforcedtowearauniform Uniformsaretotallyunnecessaryinademocraticsociety Uniformtelltheworldthatthepersonwhowearsonehasnovalueasanindividual thatis theindividualinauniformlosesself worth Therearethosewhosaythatwearingauniformgivesasenseofidentificationwithamoreimportantconcept Butinfact theindividualhimselfisthemostimportant ifanorganizationissoweakthatitmustrelyontheuniformtoinspireitmembers thatorganizationhasnotrighttocontinueitsexistence Ontheotherhand uniformsalsohurttheeconomy Theauthor smainpurposeinwritingthisparagraphisto A showthatuniformarepossibleinademocraticsocietyB advocatestrongergovernmentalcontrolsonthewearingofuniformsC convincethereaderthatuniformshavemoredisadvantagesthanadvantagesD advocatedoingawaywithuniforms 25 5 注意作者对动作 场景的描述 Bythistimetherewerequiteafewpeoplestandinginlines Thewordsoonspreadtoothertravelersthatthecomputerwasdown Somepeoplewentwhite somepeoplestartedtocryandstillotherskickedtheirluggage Intheparagraphtheauthorsuggeststhat A amoderncomputerwon tbedown B computerscantaketheplaceofhumansC sometimesacomputermaybringsufferingtopeopleD therewillbegreatchangesincomputers Ex 14 26 Ex 15 Thatpoordoctorjustcouldn tgetmyglovesoff Eachtimehetookasteptowardsme Ibrokeintopainfulshouting thedoctorbegantostitch 缝合 myheadwound notonlydidhemerrily 快乐地 cutoffalonglockofmyhair butusednoanaesthetic 麻药 either Whatdidthewriterthinkofthedoctor friendly B cruel C hardworking D kind 27 推论题解题总结 依据事实把握细节简单计算段首段尾图文标题细察勿漏弦外之音逻辑分析防止主观直接陈述未经推理必然为错过渡引申与文无关意在干扰作者态度遣词用句推敲揣摩把握整体证据串联攻无不胜 28 巩固练习 Challenge yourself 29 1 Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall Diditsoundlikeaclock Ifso itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie Thusthebeetleiscalled thedeathwatchbeetle Q Thesoundofthisbeetle pleasedpeople B surprisedpeople C frightenedpeople D excitedpeople 30 2 Theeasywayoutisn talwayseasiest AsIwasnotexperiencedincooking Ithoughtifadozenwasgood twodozenwouldbebetter soIdoubledeverything Ihadbeendefeated IputthedoughintherubbishbinoutsidesoIwouldn thavetofaceDouglaughingatmywork Idon tknowwhowasmoreembarrassed 尴尬 bythewholethingDougorme Q Thewriter spurposeinwritingthisstoryis A totellaninterestingexperienceB toshowtheeasiestwayoutofdifficultyC todescribethetroublefacinganewlymarriedwomanD toexplainthedifficultyoflearningtocookfrombooks 31 3 AU S Couplehavesucceededina55 meterfalloverHorseshoeFallsinabarrel 木桶 withonlyslighthurts HorseshoeFallsistheCanadianpartofNiagaraFalls StevenTrotterofFloridaandLoriMartinofAtlantatreatedatahospitalforsmallhurtsafterdroppingoverthefallsasaFather sDayshow Policetookanhourtofreethebarrelwrappedwithbulletproof 防弹的 materialandcoveredinthickplastics fromrocksatthebaseofthefall Q WhichofthefollowinggivesthecorrectrelationshipbetweenCanada Ni