毕业论文-从婚姻观和爱情观的角度研究《劝导》.doc

摘要简奥斯丁是英国文学史上最伟大的现实主义女作家之一，她一生共创作了六部作品，她的最后一部作品劝导不同于以往其他作品。在这部作品中，奥斯丁不仅描绘了许多典型的女性形象，而且注意到了女性能力和社会地位的提高，这是一种远远超越时代的观念。学者经常从婚姻观和爱情观的角度研究劝导,然而很少研究从这些女性形象中展现出来的美德，这些美德值得现代女性借鉴。论文从女性主义角度探讨劝导体现出的价值观。论文第一章探讨简奥斯丁的女性主义观点和该观点在劝导中的反映。第二章主要研究劝导中的女性形象及劝导的行为分析，及她们反映的各种不同的女性主义观点。第三章诣在研究劝导的社会意义，唤醒读者的女性独立和自我提高意识。关键词: 简奥斯丁 劝导 女性形象 女性意识AbstractJane Austen is one of the greatest realistic novelists in English literature. She creates great six novels in her life. The last novel Persuasion is different from Austens other works. In this work, Austen not only depicts many typical women characters, but also pays attention to the improvement of their ability and status, which is ahead of her time.Persuasion has been often analyzed from the perspective of marriage and money. However, there is little study on the virtues, which are shown in the women images. These virtues are worthy of being appreciated by modern women. This thesis attempts to interpret it from a view of feminist.The first chapter of the thesis introduces Austens feminist viewpoints, and feminist idea which is reflected in persuasion. The second chapter carries out a detailed study of women image respectively in persuasion, which reflects correspondingly different feminist viewpoints. The third chapter is to analyze the social significance. It is hoped that the study help us deepen the understanding of Austens feminist view points and realize the awareness of independent feminist consciousness and the modern females eagerness towards self-improvement.Key words: Jane Austen persuasion women characters feminism.ContentsIntroduction.1Chapter One Jane Austens Feminism and Her Persuasion2A. Jane Austens feminism.2B. Feminist idea reflected in persuasion. 3Chapter Two A Feminist Analysis of the Values in Persuasion.5A. Different female characters in persuasion.51. Anne Elliot.52. Lady Russell.73. Mrs. Smith.84. Mrs. Croft.9B. Persuasions in persuasion.101. Lady Russells persuasions about Annes marriage.102. Annes inner persuasion.113. The persuasion of Wentworths love.134. The power of Annes persuasion145. Lady Russells persuasion to change her views about Wentworth.146. Anne persuaded to change her views about Mr. Elliot.157. Sir Walter persuade to Approve of Annes marriage.16Chapter Three Realistic Significance.17 A. The Independent Feminist Consciousness.17B. Modern Females eagerness towards self-improvement.18C. Modern Females attitude towards love and marriage.19 Conclusion.20Notes.21Bibliography.22IntroductionJane Austen (1775-1817) is regarded one of the prominent and best loved novelists in English literature. She was born in Steventon , Hampshireand lived for most of her life in the area. Her father was a clergyman, as a clergymans daughter, her greatness as a writer owns much to her experience of the normal life. Austen had six brothers, and an elder sister, Cassandra, to whom she was very close. The only known portrait of Jane Austen was a colored sketch, which was done by Cassandra. Jane never married in her life time, she was once engaged to a much younger man, Harris Bigg-Wither, but she changed her mind. Austen devoted her life to the literary career from 1798 to 1811, which might partially result from this vagrant life.During her short life, Austen produced only six completed novels: Northanger Abbey, Pride and prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion. Austens main gift was to be a close observer of human society and social interaction. Jane Austen had a talent for describing the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life .The subject of Austens works is mainly focused on the middle class young womans love and marriage .By the study of these circumstance, we can see the daily lives of the middle class in the south England.Persuasion is Austens last completed work, it is considered as her most mature work .The heroine Anne Elliot, a middle daughter of a baronet. When she is nineteen, she falls in love and gets engaged with Wentworth, who is a penniless young naval officer without bright prospects. But such an engagement is questioned by the widow lady Russell, her mothers best friend and her trusted confidante. By Russells persuasion, Anne breaks the engagement with Wentworth. Both she and Wentworth are in bitterness. Eight years later, Annes bloom has vanished early and as even in its height, but when Wentworth appears again, Anne has became more sensible than before. Wentworth is impressed by her actions in the accident and her later discussion with caption Harville of the relative faithfulness of man and woman. Anne gives up her cautious, she decides to run after her love, and finally the two long-parted lovers regain their happiness.Chapter one Jane Austens Feminism and her persuasionA. Jane Austens FeminismIn Jane Austens time, there were few professions for women to make their living. So it was difficult for them to become independent. In terms of education, women couldnt go to school to receive good education. As for family relationship, women had to depend on men and they were supposed to stay at home to look after their children and do house work. They didnt have the chance to do the same jobs as men did. At that time, men took high position in the society and marriage.As a woman writer, Jane Austen had a strong sense of womens equality. Her works revealed that there were many obstacles for women to be equal with men. Jane Austen was against the inequality between women and men in the society. In her works, this was showed obviously. She had her own feminist view and values.Feminism is a modern term, a consciously held ideology which opposing that maintain the primacy of masculine authority and power. It is a political perception based on two fundamental premises: Firstly, the foundation of a structural inequality between women and men is gender difference. Owning to that, women suffer social injustice. Secondly, the inequality between the sexes is produced by the cultural construction of gender difficulties rather than the result of biological. There are some points to consider about the feminism: women want to be equal with man; women begin to acquire self-consciousness. It seems the first time that those women were aware that they should have their own rights in the society.Jane Austens feminist consciousness is obvious in her works. Firstly, she believes it is the essential idea that women should be treated equally with men. Austen argues that women are not the intellectually inferior to men. Secondly, she praises womens intellectual power. She thinks that they should make their own decisions and expresses their own thoughts according to their willing rather than keep silent and stay obedient. Thirdly, Austen expresses her viewpoint towards marriage from feminist view point. She emphasizes womens marriage should be based on the balance of sense and sensibility.Austen thinks that womens self-worth should be achieved by playing an important role in the society, but not their devotion to the family and the service to their husbands. From her perspective, the foundation of the human society is the interdependence and cooperation between men and women. A woman only caring for the welfare of her own family cant show her value. As far as Austen concerned, the favorite female image should be the one who is sincerely concerned with others and takes an active part in social life. Ideal heroines are those women who devote themselves to their society, especially to helping other women.As a writer who challenges traditional ideas, Austens novels are full of new ideas. So rejecting tradition and the influence of reality for her is impossible, but her consciousness of women is a great contribution to literature.B. Feminist idea reflected in persuasionBefore the creation of persuasion, Jane Austen believed that women should make use of reason to control their feelings when they were facing love and marriage. In her other works, Austen shows sense was powerful than sensibility, in the end, reason won. But in persuasion, she believed reason can only brings us pains. She realized that reason limited human beings nature, and only sentiment could bring us the happiness. Through persuasion, Jane Austen praised humanity, inner feelings. Jane Austen made her character transfer from sense to sensibility, and she praised human beings feelings, which revealed Jane Austen wanted a new departure. Persuasion was created in the early nineteenth century in which many revolutions happened. And the womens situation was experiencing great challenges and difficulties. In persuasion, Jane Austen was sensitive to her social status. She focused more attention to the challenge of conventional ideas. In persuasion, under the help of all knowing narrator and the heroine Anne, Jane Austen showed her female consciousness. A lot of topics were involved, such as fidelity between men and women, the status of women in the family society and womens educational situation. Many examples in persuasion show the inequality, such as men have opportunity to go to school, while women dont have the chance to be educated; men can inherit property, but women do not have right to be independent in economy. Men can choose their wives but women cant choose their husbands by themselves and they must rely on husbands.Jane Austen made women be equal with men in marriage. Anne loved Wentworth for his inner characters not for his male power and money. Anne didnt belong to someone, she had her own ideas and decisions. She had a powerful sense of equality. Anne broke down traditional female images. Jane Austen indicated that women can gain love actively but not receive passively from others.As for womens ability and intelligence. Jane Austen depicts that women are capable of being independent of men. Women are intelligent in Austens view-Anne can keep calm when she is in the face of danger and she is good at dealing with difficulties. Lady Russell is a decisive woman and her words have authority; Mrs. Croft leaves us a bright impression that women can take part in almost all social activities and make their own decisions. From these women images we can know that women are not intellectually inferior to men; it is only the situation which limits women to fulfill their function.Chapter Two A Feminist Analysis of the Values in PersuasionA. Different female characters in persuasionIn the traditional male-dominate culture, women play a passive role. Women take care of men and children at home as their responsibility. At that time, women faced a lot of inequalities in the society, these traditions and prejudice confined women, and they almost never have the awareness to think about their own situations. She was in favor of female awareness. She thought that women should be treated independently. Jane Austen put forward many feminist ideas and thoughts in her novel .Although there are many images portrayed in persuasion. In this thesis, we only discuss four characters respectively, especially their virtues. They are namely Anne Elliot, Lady Russell, Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Croft.1. Anne ElliotAnne was twenty-seven years old. In the novel, she lost her love eight years ago, and she run after her love back eight years later. In this process, she suffered great inner pains. Anne is sensitive, although she breaks up with Wentworth for Lady Russells interference. She still loves Wentworth eight years later. Anne thinks that Wentworth is the best forever. This shows Annes loyalty to love. Before Anne finds her true love after eight years, Anne tolerates great for Wentworths relations with other woman. For example, Wentworth keeps close contact with Louise Musgrove. But Annes feeling for Wentworth last permanently. Annes conversation with captain Benwick shows her real feeling. Annes father Sir Elliot is vain though he possesses remarkably handsome looking and high rank in the society. Annes elder sister Elizabeth masters the family. Anne is different from her. Although Annes words have no weight, her convenience is always to give away. Anne holds on, she has her own opinion, and she does what she wants to do. Anne communicates Jane Austens thoughts about female awareness. She is the most important character in persuasion.Lady Russell persuades Anne to break up with Wentworth, which makes her suffer great pain. She still expresses comprehension and she treats Lady Russell as her best friend Mrs. Smith lives in low status and she was very poor, Anne still contact with her and help her despite her familys heavy pressure.Annes shows great sympathy for the people around her. Captain Benwick is suffering great pain for losing his love. Anne tries her best to persuade him to step out of sadness. Anne also advises Captain Benwick to read some books “such memories of characters of worth and suffering, as calculated to rouse and fortify the mind by the highest percepts and the strongest examples of moral and religious endurance”.1 Also, Anne knows how to control her feeling well. She doesnt addict herself to the sadness of losing love, she changes her focus and lives her own life. Here Jane Austen shows her feminist thoughts again. Women shouldnt treat love as their only focus. Jane Austen wants to tell women that they should be independent of men emotionally and materially.Faced with danger, Anne still keeps in calm and she is good at dealing with difficulties. From two accidents, we can find Annes distinctive competence. Anne shows great abilities to manage crisis. One accident happens at Mr. Musgroves house in UpperCross. Unfortunately, Marys eldests boy is bought home at the moment in consequence of a bad fall and his collar-bone is dislocated. Every one feels nervous and sad. But Anne behaves calmly and she tells others what they should do, and every thing is almost back to normal. Although its parents obligation to look after him, Charles and Mary want to let Anne to do this. Charles Musgrove says “Nothing can be going on better than the child, your sister being with you, my love, I have no scruple at all, but you see I can be of no use. Anne will send for me if anything is the matter”. 2Another accident happens in Lyme, when Anne, Wentworth and other boys and girls go for a walk. Louisa falls on the pavement when she is jumping up and down. The situation is very serious, there is no wound, no blood, and no visible bruise, but Louisas eyes are closed, she breathed not, her face is like death. Everyone is frightened after this accident. However, Anne stands out to handle this problem. She makes right decision and keeps everyone at ease. At last, the accident is dealt properly.From above, we can see Jane Austen wants to produce an ideal character. She is sensitive, loyalty to love, and has her own thoughts and ideas. And she shows sympathy to other people. Even she can handle accidents and emergencies. Anne was portrayed as a nearly perfect woman. The description of Anne indicates Jane Austens own ideas about new women.2. Lady RussellLady Russell is an important female who is worthy of being mentioned. She is Annes best friend .And owning to her persuasion. Anne breaks up with Wentworth. In the novel, Lady Russell has good manners and behaves politely. In Camden place, “the sight of Mrs. Clay in such favor, and of Anne so over looked, was a perpetual provocation to her there, and vexed her as much when she was away.”3 In fact, lady Russell is quite angry, she can control her feeling carefully. In order not to show her unhappiness, she just goes away to avoid losing her dignity.Lady Russell is a widower who has her own thought and strong will, she has strong feeling for her husband. “she should have no thought of a second marriage, needs no apology to the public, which is rather apt to be unreasonably discontented when a woman does many again than she does not”.4 Lady Russell has a strong sense of duty for Anne. She is concerned about Annes marriage a lot. Firstly, when Anne wants to marry Captain Wentworth, Lady Russell persuades her not to marry him due to his lower social status, poverty and without bright prospect. At that time, Anne doesnt follow her inner emotion and gives up. Jane Austen wrote, “It must not be, If by any fair interference of friendship, any representations from one who had almost a mothers love, and mothers rights, it would be prevented”.5 Secondly, Lady Russell persuades her to marry Charles Musgrove, which is not successful. Anne refuses her advice this time. For a third time, Lady Russell persuades Anne to marry Mr. Elliot, Lady Russell is a woman who has authority and she wants others to follow her advice.However, she also has shortcomings. “She had prejudice on the side of ancestry; she had a value for rank and consequence, which blinded her a little to the faults of those who possessed them”. 6Because she has great enthusiasm for money and status, she makes a wrong judgment of Wentworth and Elliot. She has been mistaken with regard to Mr. Elliot and Captain Wentworth. Mr. Elliots m