高中英语语法复习 第一讲 时态讲练.doc

一 时态语法精讲 1一般现在时：经常性、习惯性的动作现在的特征状态普遍真理，客观存在，谚语格言，新闻标题，介绍说明，人物、作品评价等现在瞬间（多用于体育报道）1) He is always ready to help others. 2) It never snows in Guangzhou.3）The teacher said that light travels faster than sound. 4) Here comes the bus.表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的情况（句中常有表未来的时间状语）即按时刻表规定或难于改变，但限于少数动词begin, come, leave , go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close 等。eg. The train leaves at 10 a.m. School begins next Monday.在时间或条件状语从句中，多用一般现在时表示将来时。eg. He will come to see you before he leaves China.注意：有时从句中有情态动词will，不是指将来，而是一种意愿或客套话。eg. If you will wait (=please wait ) a moment, Ill go and tell the manager that you are here.表示状态、感觉、感情、从属、心理活动的动词，如be, exist, remain, stay, obtain; hear, see, seem, appear, smell(闻起来)，taste, look, sound, feel; love, like, hate, hope, prefer, refuse, want, wish ; belong to, contain, have, own, form; believe, doubt, know, remember, think等常用于一般现在时。 eg. 1) You see what I mean? 2) I want a book. 3) I think you are right.2一般过去时： 1）表示过去某时发生的动作，存在的状态（包括习惯性动作）；2）在谈到死者的情况时；3）表示过去经常发生的动作，可用used to 或would 4) 虚拟语气中。 eg. As we all know, Lu Xun was a great writer. Its high time that I went. Id rather you stayed here. If I were you, I wouldnt go. He used to catch fish in the river, but he doesnt now. (过去常做，暗含现在不做了)The old man would sit under the tree for several hours. (过去常做)3一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或情况。构成：(1) will(shall)+do/be 意图，想要做（事先未考虑）(2) be going to +do/be ：计划好打算做; 某事即将发生。(3) be about to +do，（when 从句） ：正要做某事，（这时某事发生了）。(4) be to +do/be： 约定好/决定了一定要做或要发生的事。(5)come, go, arrive, leave, move, start等动词可用进行时表示将来时。eg. Mum is coming back form Beijing; I will be meeting her at the station this afternoon.过去将来时：should + 动词原形（第一人称）；would +动词原形, 等。4现在进行时/过去进行时：It smells terrible；I think something is burning.（现在正在进行的动作）Im just helping out before the new secretary comes here.（现阶段正在进行）The naughty boy is being quite quiet today.(表示一时的状态)We are meeting him after that. (计划安排将来的动作)We are wondering if you can lend us a hand. (委婉语气)I was hoping youd come back soon. (委婉语气)Mum is always complaining about my studies.（感情色彩）The bridge is under construction/repair.5现在完成时：动作在说话之前已完成，且对现在有影响（句中无具体时间状语）eg. He has gone to the United States. He has been to the USA twice. 动作始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用时间状语如for a while, since, so far, now, today, this week/month等。eg. He has studied for 5 years. He has studied since 1995. Now I have finished my work.用于时间或条件状语从句，强调动作先完成：Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park.短暂性动词如come, go, die, marry, buy, join等的完成时在肯定句中不能与一段时间连用，但否定句可以。“他参军3年了”：He joined the army in 2001.It is three years since he joined the army.He has been in the army for three years.He has served in the army for three years. He has been an army man for three years. He hasnt come back home for three years.区别：It is two months since he fell ill.(短暂性动词。他病了两个月了。) It is two months since he was ill.(延续性动词。他病愈已有两个月了。)6过去完成时：“过去的过去”；句中常用by then, by the end of last year, before, when等引导的时间状语。7现在完成进行时：某一动