毕业设计 土木工程 招投标 造价外文翻译.doc

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毕业设计 土木工程 招投标 造价外文翻译 building engineering bidding abstract:nowadays in the engineering construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed. the construction companies,which want to create good benefits, have to control their cost and improve management to enhance the capacity of adapting and competing in this market. this article focuses on how to decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction cost effectively. bidding documents should be well formulated ,which is the improtment to a successful bidding and direct influence the success or failure of the bidding work.becasue the success or failure of the bidding for the survival and development of enterprise has a direct impact, so we have a high quality, improve the bid documents of the unit, prevent invalid and successful pass mark appear, become a research topic. key : bidding drawbacks of unfair competition countermeasures bidding is a form of project transactions, project bidding process is to determine the successful bidder and the cost of the process and the price of the project, project bidding work of a very important link, do a good job bidding to determine the price, we can effectively control construction costs, and create a fair and equitable market environment, create orderly competition mechanism. bidding in construction activities, construction enterprises in order to tender invincible works to be successful, and from the contracted projects profitable, it needs to integrate various subjective and objective conditions, the tender research strategy determine tender. tender bidding strategy, including pricing strategies and skills. all of the strategies and skillsfrom the numerous contractors bidding on the accumulated experience and objective understanding of the law and of the actual situation understanding, but also with the contractors decision-making ability and courage are closely related.bidding documents is the general programme and play book of the bidding activity through the process of bidding. the bidding documents will specify that how to conduct each bidding work, how to dispatch bidding documents, the requirements for tenderer,how to rate and decide bidding and the procedures of bidding. therefore, the personnel who is responsible for prepare bidding documents should first have a general view of the bidding work, include all the requirements and arrangements into the bidding documents. if meet problems that have not been considered previously, then resolve them one by one during the preparation. the course of bidding documents preparation is also the course of making bidding scheme .in another respect, bidding documents is also the legal instuments. besides relevant law and rules, the bidding documents are the common game rules that bidder,bidding agent and tenderer should subject to through the bidding. bidding documents are the legal instuments that all the three bidding related parties should subject to, have legal force, therefore, the bidding documents -making personnel required to have the awareness and quality of leagal in order to reflect the fair, just and legal requirement in the bidding documents.in building engineering bidding law enforcement and the practice of project construction supervision system on standardizing chinas construction market, improve the construction quality and played an active role. but in the process of implementing exist some disadvantages, needs to perfect, enrich and improve. this project bidding documents in accordance with the bidding law of the peoples republic of china for bidders, bidding regulation, enterprise strictly, put forward to bidders professional requirements of project profile was illustrated.nowadays in the engineering construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed. the construction companies,which want to create good benefits, have to control their cost and improve management to enhance the capacity of adapting and competing in this market. this article focuses on how to decrease cost and increase income so as to control the construction cost effectively.in building engineering bidding law enforcement and the practice of project construction supervision system on standardizing chinas construction market, improve the construction quality and played an active role. but in the process of implementing exist some disadvantages, needs to perfect, enrich and improve. this project bidding documents in accordance with the bidding law of the peoples republic of china for bidders, bidding regulation, enterprise strictly, put forward to bidders professional requirements of project profile was illustrated.the practice of project bidding purpose is to market competition of openness, fairness and justice. however, due to the construction market development is not standard, management system and the experience of inadequate, architectural engineering bidding in concrete operation exist in acts of unfair competition, and some drawbacks. this obviously violate the bidding, the bidding process, and will lose its significance for other bidder fails to bid is unjust, disturbed the bidding (project contracting market economic order, for activities), this kind of behavior must be prohibited, only in this way can we make construction engineering competitive trading activity lawfully healthy. this subject will i learned and social practice, present situation and construction project bidding system is expounded, and the disadvantages of bidding for construction project with acts of unfair competition phenomenon and analysis of causes, and finally make corresponding preventive countermeasures.construction cost management system, both theoretical discussion, but also need to practice innovation. under the conditions of market economy, project cost management, competitive and orderly market for construction management services platform structures. in such a premise, the original scale and method of valuation is inappropriate, and this needs to be reformed and improved. the spirit of "the governments macro regulation and control, enterprise autonomy offer, the market will price" principle, to implement the implementation specification bill of quantity. inventory valuation bidding activities are based on market economy mechanism, based on legal, scientific, fair, open and reasonable way to determine the winning bidder of an economic activity. bidding is bidding activities constitute two basic aspects. the bidding activity is merely that by bidding to choose the one with the workconstruction process capability, moderate cost, quality is excellent, short duration of construction enterprises, and this is the ultimate goal tender. i have participated in internships over the course of the project bidding, and completed over part of the calculation of quantities, combined with graduate experience in the design process, a brief analysis of the mode quantities call for tenderthe meaning of risk and risk characteristics of the general construction, the lowest price sealed bidding construction method produces several risks and incentives, according to their characteristics discussed the feasibility of risk control and pre