高考英语大二轮 （直击考点+把脉高考+突破难点）阅读理解 第1讲 “难解难分”的标题归纳题专题复习课件（含调研、真题）.ppt

第一讲 难解难分 的标题归纳题 标题是文章的点睛之笔 标题归纳题在英语阅读理解题中属于深层理解题 它要求考生在通读全文的基础上 准确把握文章大意及作者的写作意图 一般说来 标题应该具有概括性 针对性 简洁性三个突出特点 其中概括性 是指标题应最大限度地覆盖全文 囊括文章的主要内容 体现文章的主题 针对性 是指标题的含义要直接指向文章的主要内容 简洁性 则是指标题应言简意赅 能吸引读者的注意力 并唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣等 2013 湖北卷 we vereachedastrange somewouldsayunusual point whilefightingworldhungercontinuestobethematterofvitalimportanceaccordingtoarecentreportfromtheworldhealthorganization who morepeoplenowdiefrombeingoverweight orsay frombeingextremelyfat thanfrombeingunderweight it sthegoodlifethat smorelikelytokillusthesedays worse nearly18millionchildrenundertheageoffivearoundtheworldareestimatedtobeoverweight what sgoingon wereallydon thavemanyexcusesforourweightproblems thedangersoftheproblemhavebeendrilledintousbypublic healthcampaignssince2001andthemessageisgettingthrough uptoapoint inthe1970s finland forexample hadthehighestrateofheartdiseaseintheworldandbeingoverweightwasitsmaincause notanymore apublic healthcampaignhasgreatlyreducedthenumberofheartdiseasedeathsby80percentoverthepastthreedecades maybethatexplainswhythepercentageofpeopleinfinlandtakingdietpillsdoubledbetween2001and2005 anddoctorsevenoffersurgeryofremovingfatinsideandchangetheshapeofthebody thathasbecomeasortoffashion nowonderitranksastheworld smostbody consciouscountry weknowwhatweshouldbedoingtoloseweight butactuallydoingitisanothermatter byfarthemostpopularexcuseisnottakingenoughexercise morethanhalfofusadmitwelackwillpower othersblamegoodfood theysay it sjusttooinvitinganditmakesthemovereat stillotherslaytheblameontheamericans complainingthatpoundshavepiledonthankstoeatingtoomuchamerican stylefastfood somealsoblametheirparents theirgenes butunfortunately theparentsarewrongedbecausethey renormalinshape orratherslim it sasimilarstoryaroundtheworld althoughpeoplearerelativelyunlikelytohavetriedtoloseweight parentsareeagertoseetheirkidsshapeup doasisay notasido 语篇解读这是一篇议论文 这个世界真奇怪 一方面 我们在与全球性饥饿问题作斗争 另一方面 肥胖成为人类健康的杀手 在有些国家人们吃减肥药 或者做手术去掉多余的脂肪 而且这已成为一种时尚 真正解决问题的办法是锻炼 但人们不想动 而且难以拒绝美食的诱惑 看来解决肥胖问题任重道远 1 whatisthe strange pointmentionedinthefirstsentence a thegoodlifeisagreaterriskthanthebadlife b starvationistakingmorepeople slivesintheworld c whoreportshowspeople sunawarenessoffoodsafety d overweightissueremainsunresolveddespitewho sefforts 解析 细节理解题 第一段指出一个奇怪的现象 一方面 世界卫生组织的报告表明应对世界性的饥饿问题至关重要 另一方面 死于肥胖的人增多 由此判断选a 生活太好带来的危害比生活太苦带来的危害更多 b项 饥饿使世界上更多的人死去 c项 世界卫生组织的报告表明人们不关注食品安全问题 d项 尽管世界卫生组织在努力 肥胖问题依旧没有解决 都不正确 答案 a 2 whydoestheauthorthinkthatpeoplehavenoexcuseforbeingoverweight a alotofeffectivedietpillsareavailable b bodyimagehasnothingtodowithgoodfood c theyhavebeenmadefullyawareofitsdangers d therearetoomanyoverweightpeopleintheworld 解析 推理判断题 第三段说 从2001年开始的公众健康运动已经使肥胖的危害深入人心 以至于在芬兰 人们吃减肥药 做脂肪切除手术 第六段说 我们知道要减肥的话我们该做什么 但做不做又是另外一个问题了 从这些信息看 作者认为现在肥胖率居高不下的原因是 人们知道肥胖的危害 但就是不采取措施锻炼减肥 答案 c 3 theexampleoffinlandisusedtoillustrate a thecauseofheartdiseaseb thefashionofbodyshapingc theeffectivenessofacampaignd thehistoryofabody consciouscountry 解析 推理判断题 文章在介绍芬兰的情况时说 在20世纪70年代 在芬兰 肥胖引起的心脏病发病率世界最高 通过公众健康运动 心脏病的死亡率在过去30年下降了80 因此作者介绍芬兰的目的不是为了说明心脏病的起因 塑身的时尚 意识到身体问题的国家的历史 而是说明这个国家掀起的健康运动的效果 降低了心脏病发病率 答案 c 4 whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage a actionsorexcuses b overweightorunderweight c whoinadilemmad nolongerdyingofhunger 解析 主旨大意题 本文作者围绕肥胖问题进行了论述 说人们都知道肥胖的危害 却不愿意积极锻炼 宁可通过吃减肥药或切除脂肪来减肥 还把肥胖问题归咎于快餐 归咎于自己的遗传基因等等 因此本文的题目应该是a项 是行动起来 还是继续为自己找借口 答案 a 1 解答标题归纳题 三大原则要注意 首先概括要全面 其次标题要新颖 最后主题要明确 这样成功属于你 2 在阅读文章时 要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息 寻找与文章主题相关的信息 找出概括全文的核心词汇或主题句 例如 真题示例第4题为标题归纳题 第六段是关键信息段 我们都知道我们该做的事是减肥 但是知易行难 一半多的人承认我们缺乏意志力 故用actionsorexcuses 为标题 3 确认选项内容是否符合文章的中心论题 也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致 test1 2013 湖北七市4月联考 forgethardworkandperseverance gettingaheadisassimpleastidyingyourdesk accordingtoaleadingexpert havingaclutteredenvironmentreflectsaclutteredmind buttheactoftidyingupcanhelpyoubemoresuccessful theadvicecomesfromjaynemorris theresident lifecoach fornhsonline whosaiditisnogoodjustmovingthemessaround inordertoclearthemind unwanteditemsmustbethrownawaytofreeyour innerworld shesaid msmorris whoclaimstohavecoachedcelebritiestomajorbusinessfigures said clearingclutterfromyourdeskhasthepowertotransformyourbusiness how becauseclutterinyourouterenvironmentisthephysicalsignofallthecluttergoingoninsideofyou clearingclutterhasachaineffectacrossyourentirelife includingyourwork havinganuntidydeskcoveredincluttercouldbestoppingyouachievingthebusinesssuccessyouwant sheissurecleaningupwillbehelpfuleventhoughsomeofhistory sbiggestachieverslivedandworkedinmessyconditions churchillwasconsidereduntidyfromaboythroughouthislife fromhisofficetohisartist sstudio andthelabwherealexanderflemingdiscoveredpenicillinwasfamouslyuntidy amongtherecommendationsisthatsimplytidyingadeskatworkandanoverflowingfilingcabinet 陈列柜 willinstantlyhaveapositiveimpacton yourinnerworld anythingthatisnolongerusedshouldnotbeputintostoragebutthrownawaycompletely keepingsomethingintheloft garageorotherpartofthehouse doesnothelpbecauseitisstillconnectedtotheperson bytinyenergeticlines msmorrisclaims shesaid thethingsinyourlifethatareusefultoyou thataddvaluetoyourlife thatserveacurrentpurposearechargedwithpositiveenergythatrefreshesyouandenrichesyourlife butthethingsthatyoudon teveruseanddon tneedanymorehavetheoppositeeffectonyourenergy thingsthatnolongerfitorserveyou useupyourenergy 语篇解读清理桌柜杂物有助于事业成功 那些你不再使用也不再需要但依然保留着的东西会对你的精力产生反面效果 那些不再适合你或不再为你服务的东西则会消耗你的精力 凌乱的环境反映大脑处于混乱状态 清理一下杂物能帮助你获得更大的成功 1 theunderlinedword cluttered inparagarph2 isclosestinmeaningto a messyb briefc complexd aggressive解析 词义猜测题 画线词后面提到 收拾整理的行为可能会帮助你更成功 而but表示前后两句为转折关系 由此结合选项可知 a项符合文意 答案 a 2 whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesmsmorrisagreeto a changingthepositionofstafffrequentlywillhelptobuildupaclearmind b atidyofficewillleadtoasuccessinyourbusinessaffairsinnotime c tohaveafreemind weneedtothrowawayunneededitemsattimes d youcanpackupyourthingsingarageorlofttocheeryouup 解析 细节理解题 文章第二段最后一句提到 inordertoclearthemind unwanteditemsmustbethrownawaytofreeyour innerworld 可知 c项与此相符合 答案 c 3 accordingtomsmorris anuntidydeskprobablymeansthat a youarequiteafailureb youareinamessymindc youaretootiredtodealwithitd youhaveachievedthebusinesssuccess解析 推理判断题 根据文章第三段第三句 becauseclutterinyourouter cluttergoingoninsideofyou 可知 b项符合题意 答案 b 4 whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage a lessuntidy moresuccessfulb howtoimproveyourinnerworldc cleaningupmakesyoulessintelligentd beingbiggerachieverneedsmoreeffort解析 标题概括题 根据文章第二段第一句中的 theactoftidyingupcanhelpyoubemoresuccessful 并结合下文可知 lessuntidy moresuccessful 最适合作为文章标题 答案 a test2 2013 湖北武汉4月调研 policetradedgiftcardsforgunsinlosangelesonwednesday inabuybackprogrammayorantoniovillaraigosaannouncedasacrime fightingresponsetothedeadlyshootingincidentinnewtown connecticut policeofficershandedout 200grocerystoregiftcardstopeoplewhoturnedinanautomaticweapon and 100giftcardstothosewhoprovidedahandgunorshotgun losangeleshasheldanannualgunbuybacksince2009 andsimilareventshavebeenorganizedinyearspastinseveralothercities includingdetroitandboston policeinsandiegohadabuybackearlierthismonth someexpertssaythebuybackshavelittleeffectinreducinggunviolence butvillaraigosatoutedthebuybackprogramasonestepthatcanbetakeninresponsetothesandyhookelementaryschoolshootinginnewtown connecticut ondecember14thatclaimedthelivesof20childrenandsixadultstaffmembers losangelesnormallyhasitsgunbuybackinmay butvillaraigosaannouncedlastweekthatthecitywouldhavethisspecialbuybackinresponsetothenewtowntragedy 悲剧 thereareanumberofthingswecando thisisjustoneofthem villaraigosasaidoncnn we vegottoalsoaddressthecultureofviolencethatwe vegotinthiscountry atlastcount thelosangelesgunbuybackhadcollected1 366firearms including477handgunsand49assaultweapons saidvickicurry aspokeswomanforthemayor thebuybackendedat4pmlocaltime butafinalnumberofgunscollectedwasnotexpectedtobereleasedbeforethursday inmay thecity sannualgunbuybackprogramcollected1 673firearmsatsixlocations comparedtotwolocationsusedfortheprogramonwednesday currysaid ateachofthelocationswherethebuybackwasheld alineofcarsstretchedaroundtheblock currysaid peopledroppingofftheirgunswereaskedtoleavetheminthetrunksoftheircars whereofficerscollectedtheweapons whileofficialsinlosangelesandelsewherehavesaidthegunbuybackshelpkeepstreetssafe a2004reportbythenationalresearchcouncilofthenationalacademiesquestionedthatconclusion 语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道 详细介绍了洛杉矶警方开展回收枪支活动的有关情况 5 whatisthepurposeofthisspecialgunbuybackprogram a todistributegiftcards b tobuyprivateguns c torespondtotheshooting d toencouragepeopletoconsume 解析 细节理解题 根据第一段中的 asacrime fightingresponsetothedeadlyshootingincidentinnewtown connecticut 可知 c项正确 答案 c 6 theunderlinedword touted inpara 3 iscloseinmeaningto a praisedb quittedc designedd accepted解析 词义猜测题 根据第三段第一句中的 but 一词可知 villaraigosa的看法和 someexperts 的看法相反 由此可推知 一些专家认为枪支回购对减少枪支暴力意义不大 而villaraigosa却赞扬这种做法 tout应与 praise 意思相近 答案 a 7 comparedwithanannualgunbuyback thisspecialoneis a abnormalb flexiblec welcomed dangerous解析 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段第一句 ateachofthelocationswherethebuybackwasheld alineofcarsstretchedaroundtheblock 可知 在每个回收现场的街区都排着一列长长的车队 说明了人们对这次行动表示支持 也就是说该行动是受欢迎的 答案 c 8 whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage a acreativegunbuybackb twodifferentgunbuybacksc gunsforgiftcardsd oppositiontogunbuyback解析 标题概括题 通读全文可知 文章主要介绍了洛杉矶警方开展了回收枪支活动 用购物卡来换枪支的有关情况 答案 c test3 2013 湖北省武汉市高中毕业生二月调研测试 modernjapanisproudofmanytechnologicalwonders robotdogsthatrunandbark creativehouseholdappliancesthatmakeeverydaylifeeasier andcomputersthatmakecomplexproblemsalmostchildishlysimple butwhenitcomestowhichinventionisthebest thejapanesemaynotbethinkingwiththeirheadsortheirhearts buttheirstomachs theynamedinstantnoodlesthebestinventionofthe20thcentury asforlife changingtechnology karaokecameinatno 2 theadmittedlynon scientificsurveybythefujiresearchinstituteattachedtotokyouniversityasked2 000adultsinthetokyoregiontoratethegreatestinventionsofthe20thcenturyinthreecategories manufacturedgoods cultureandtechnology respondentswereaskedtotakeintoconsiderationworldwideacceptanceofthevariouscustomsandinventions anastonishingnumberof692placedinstantnoodles ajapanese invention in1958 atthetopofthelist instantnoodleswentintocommercialproductionin1971 andalmost50billioncupsarenowconsumedeachyearworldwide in1996 agiantbillboardofasteamingcupofnoodleswassetupabovetimessquareinnewyorkcity aprouddeclarationthattheplace ramen hasearnedinworldcuisine 烹饪 headphonestereosets tvvideogames cdsandcamerascameinorderrespectively theywererankedbehindinstantnoodlesandoff keyhowling knownas pokettomonsters pocketmonsters injapan pikachuandhispopularlittlefriendscameinatno 8 inviewofpracticality automobile relatedtechnologycameinatno 9 automobilesthemselves inventedoverseas werenotrankedatall sushi perhapstheoriginalfastfoodinjapan roundedoutthetoplist whilethefujiinstitute ssurveymaynothavebeenthemostscientific itdoessuggestonething technologymayruletheworld butatleastintokyo 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