高考英语 写作点拨系列课件(四) 牛津版.ppt

写作点拨系列 四 段落写作之段落的展开 核心点拨 段落的发展技巧较常用的有以下几种 按时间顺序展开 按空间顺序展开 按过程展开 举例等 1 按时间顺序展开在叙述一个故事或者一系列事件时 通常按事件发生的先后顺序排列句子 在说明文中叙述做一件事应该遵循的程序或步骤时 也常用时间顺序法 常用衔接词和短语首环节first atfirst firstofall inthefirstplace tobeginwith等 中间环节second secondly inthesecondplace next afterwards afterthat then later another third thirdly stillanother inaddition besides furthermore等 末环节lastly atlast finally eventually intheend等 2 按空间顺序展开空间顺序指按物体的空间位置 自左至右 由近到远 由上至下 由下到上 由里到外 由外到里 由中间到两边等顺序 来展开段落 常用的衔接词和短语besituated locatedin on at besurroundedby nextto totheeast south west northof closeto from to above over under below between across opposite等 3 按过程展开描述涉及多个步骤 应该按照过程的发展顺序把这些步骤交代清楚 在这一类文章里常常用祈使句和不定代词 你 来表达 描述过程的常用衔接词和短语 1 firstly secondly thirdly finally 2 first then next afterthis lastly 3 afterwards furthermore moreover inadditionto 4 举例举例法是一种常见的展开段落的方法 它用典型 具体而生动的事例来证明 阐述一个观点 支持主题句 使段落主题句具体化 使文章通俗易懂 但是 段落中必须精选例子 要做到恰如其分 准确地说明问题 举例法常用的衔接词 1 介词短语 forexample forinstance bywayofexamples等 2 形容词短语 suchas such as 等 3 副词 as等 4 动词短语 takeanexample take forexample drawanexample等 对点训练 下面有五篇短文 在段落的展开方面各有侧重 请补全句子并标明属于哪类情况的展开技巧 1 iwasfartoohappythatwemadeanappointmenttovisitbeijingtogether 下周末 howiappreciatetheopportunitytobeyourguideinbeijing buti mafraidwe llhavetomakeit 下次 becausei llbemeetingmyuncleattheairport heisonbusinessfromaustralia andwillbehome 仅有两天 it sararechancefor nextweekend anothertime foronlytwodays ourfamilytogetreunitedsincehelefthometenyearsago ihopeyou llforgivemefornotkeepingmyword ifit sconvenientforyou wecanmakeit 下下个周末 oryoumaymakethechoice ok 答案 按时间顺序展开 theweekendafternext 2 asamatteroffact there remanywaysforustodealwithourmentalproblems 首先 wecanturntoourteachersforhelp includingourpsychologyteacher 其次 communicationisofvitalimportance whenwehaveatalkordiscussionaboutourproblemswithourfriendsorclassmates wecanfeelgreatlyrelieved 最后但同样重要的 weneedtodevelopapositiveattitudetowardsourstudiesandourlife wearingasmileisnotonlyasignoffriendlinessbutalsoacureforbadfeelings 答案 按过程展开 firstofall second lastbutnot least 3 australia 坐落在太平洋的西部 itcoversanareaof7 6millionsquarekilometers ithasasmallpopulationofover10million 多数人靠海生活在这个国家的东部 canberra thecapitalofaustralia isabeautifulcity sydneyisoneofthebiggestcitiesinaustralia ithasmanyplacesofinterest theoperahouseisfamousthroughouttheworld 答案 按空间顺序展开 liesonthewestofthepacificocean mostofthemlive intheeastofthecountrybythesea 4 somehighschoolgraduatesseeayearoffasachancetorecoveraftertwelveyearsofrequirededucation butitcanalsogivestudentsachancetoexploretheirinterests studentshopingtobedoctors 例如 couldlearnabouttheprofessionbyvolunteeringinahospital 答案 举例 forexample 5 dearfriends doyouwanttoliveinabeautifulworld soitisourobligationtomaintaintheecologicalbalance tofulfillthistask weshouldbearthefollowingecologicalcodesinmind 首先坚持步行去学校的习惯 andweshouldeatatleastfivekindsoffruitsandvegetablesaday it salsoimportanttorecycleeverythingrecyclableandcherishourschool senvironmentbypickingupanylitterandturningoffthetapsandlights