[英语学习]Open the Door to Forgiveness.ppt

booktwo unit11 openthedoortoforgiveness textintroduction structureanalysis theessayweareabouttodealwithisanargumentationwhichdiscussesanimportantvirtue forgiveness obviouslyenough theauthorofthetextofferssomesuggestionsonforgiveness apartfromthat theauthoralsopresentshisargumentsandcommentsonthematterofforgiving whichareplacedbeforeandafterhissuggestions more inthisessay theauthor1 mentionsthesignificanceorthemeritsofforgiveness 2 proposesfourguidelinestoachieveit 3 discussestheinvalidityofsomeoppositeviews 4 examinespossiblecausesofunfairhurtthatvictimizesus itfallsintofourparts more theauthorcitesacommonphenomenonofpeoplehurtingeachother andthenturnstotheneedandsignificanceofforgiveness theauthorintroducesfourguidelinestoachieveforgiveness theauthorexpresseshisdisagreementwiththosewhoclaimthatforgivenessis unjust andis asignofweakness theauthoroffershisadvicethat asweareseldomwrongedwithoutreason weoftenneedtoexamineourselves detailedanalysis partone para 1 5 mainideaspara 1 2 thefirsttwoparagraphsserveasanintroduction inwhichtheauthormentionsthecommonphenomenonofpeoplehurtingeachother para 3 theauthorproposestherightapproachtothematterbyquotingaphilosopher swordsandgivingtheexampleofpopejohnpaulii partone para 1 5 mainideaspara 4 5 inthesetwoparagraphstheauthorcommentsonourreactionsto deepandunfairhurts fromtwoperspectives hefirstadmitsthatitisnoteasytoforgive buthepointsoutthetruemer itofforgiveness whileheacknowledgesthat ournaturalresponse ishate heremindsusofitsdetrimentaleffects thustheauthordriveshomehispointthatforgivenessisamoresensiblechoice detailedanalysis openthedoortoforgivenesslewisb smedes detailedreading1 3 1 someonehurtyou maybeyesterday maybelongago andyoucannotforgetit youdidnotdeservethehurtandithaslodgeditselfinyourmemory whereitkeepsonhurting 2 youarenotalone weallmuddleourwaythroughaworldwhereevenwell meaningpeoplehurtoneanother afriendbetraysus aparentabusesus aspouseleavesus 3 philosopherhannaharendtbelievesthattheonlypowerthatcanstopthestreamofpainfulmemoriesisthe facultyofforgiving inthatspirit onedecemberdayin1983 popejohnpauliiwalkedintoacellofrebibbiaprisonoutsiderometomeetmehmetaliagca thepopetookthehandofthemanwhohadtriedtokillhim andforgavehim lodgev 1 makeorbecomefirmlystucksomewhere安顿 detailedreading1 betray e g thearmycanlodgetheirtentsinthefields 部队可以在野外安营扎寨 youcanlodgethevaluablesinthebank 你可以把贵重物品存放在银行里 2 providehousingfor提供住宿 e g canyoulodgeusforthenight 你能让我们暂住一夜吗 theylodgetouristduringsummerholidays 暑假期间他们给游客提供住宿 more ithaslodgeditselfinyourmemory ithastakenroominyourmind 你对此耿耿于怀 detailedreading1 betray e g thisstoryhasjustlodgeditselfinmymemory 这个故事已铭刻于我心中 whatiwanttosayisthesewordsshouldbelodgedinyourbrains 我要说的是你们必须牢记这些话 collocation sth lodgeitselfinone smind memory brain sb remembersth forever translation 这个节日已经深入人心 thefestivalhaslodgeditselfinthepublicmind derivation lodgeableadj lodgmentn lodgern lodgingn weallmuddleourwaythroughaworldwhereevenwell meaningpeoplehurtoneanother detailedreading1 quesion1 2 weallcouldmakesomesillymistakesduetoourcarelessnessorinsomeconfusingstate explanation paraphrase thissentenceiscloselyrelatedwiththepreviousone becausetheauthorswitches you intheprevioussentenceandinthefirstparagraphto we thischangeisnecessary because you referstothereaderinparticular while we includesthereader theauthorandotherpeopleingeneral thustheswitchconfirmsthestatement youarenotalone more translation 在这个世界上 即便是本意善良的人也会互相伤害 我们都在其中糊里糊涂地过日子 detailedreading1 quesion1 2 muddlethrough sth tosucceedindoingsth withdifficulty ornotinaverysatisfactory胡乱应付过去 混过 困难时期等 e g therewereproblems butwemuddledthroughsomehow 困难是有的 但我们好歹混过来了 thebbcmaybeabletomuddlethroughthenextfiveyearslikethis 像这样 英国广播公司也许能勉强再应付5年 muddlev mixuporconfuse makeintoapuddle使糊涂 弄糟 wemuddlealongfromdaytoday 我们一天天地混日子 iwasmuddledbytoomuchadvice 提供的意见太多 把我弄糊涂了 e g more detailedreading1 quesion1 2 1 这一堂课不清楚 把我给搞糊涂了 2 你把文件都弄乱了 translation derivation muddledadj 混乱的 糊涂的 头脑昏昏然的muddlern 搅拌饮料的 搅棒muddlen 糊涂 困惑 混乱 杂乱 thelessonwasnotclearandithasmuddledme you remuddlingupthepapers detailedreading1 quesion1 2 well meaning intendingkindorhelpful 虽常事与愿违但 出于好心的 善意的 本意良好的 heisawell meaningbutineffectualleader 他是个心有余而力不足的领导者 well meaningfriendsorfamilymightadviseustogetupandtakeawalk 好心的朋友或家人可能建议我们起床或者去散散步 e g betrayv beunfaithfulto revealunintentionally背叛 出卖 泄露 显露 detailedreading1 betray e g hebetrayedhiscountry 他背叛了他的国家 hewouldsufferdeathratherthanbetraythesecret 他宁死也不肯泄露机密 derivation betrayaln betrayern collocation betraysb sth tosb handoverorshowsb sth disloyallytoanenemybetrayoneself showwhatorwhoonereallyis more detailedreading1 quesion1 2 1 那军官把秘密向朋友泄露了 2 他将耶稣出卖给罗马人 translation theofficerbetrayedthesecrettohisfriends hebetrayedchristtotheromans abusev 1 sayunkind rudeoroffensivethingstosb detailedreading1 abuse e g youarealwaysabusingandoffendingpeople 你总是出言不逊得罪人 heallegedthathewasverballyabusedbyothersoldiers 他宣称自己遭到其他士兵的辱骂 2 todeliberatelyusesomethingforthewrongpurposeorforyourownadvantage e g heabusedhispowerwhileinoffice 他在职时滥用权力 behonestandupright donotabusepowerforpersonalgains 坚持清正廉洁 反对以权谋私 more detailedreading1 abuse derivation abusivea synonym misuse comparison misuse totreatsomethingorsomebodybadly itisoftenusedaboutobjects abuse makebadorwronguseof itisrarelyusedaboutobjects butwhenitisusedinthiswayitisstrongerthanmisuse andsuggeststhatthereisdamage abuse misuse facultyn 1 anaturalability suchastheabilitytosee hear orthinkclearly 身体 精神的 机能 官能 of detailedreading1 faculty e g hehaslosthisfacultyofmemory 他失去了记忆力 itisalsoamyththatthefacultyofhearingisgreatlyincreasedinblindpeople 盲人的听力会大幅增强也是一种谬谈 collocation facultyof fordoingsth e g thatmanhasafacultyfordoingmanythingsatatime 那个人具有同时做数事的才能 thisboyhasafacultyofmakingfriendseasily 这个男孩有交友的能力 more facultyn 2 alltheteachersinauniversity全体教职员 detailedreading1 faculty e g thefacultyagreedonachangeintherequirements 全体教师一致同意修改规定 howcanfacultyimprovetheirteachingsoastoencouragecreativity 教师们如何才能改进教学以激发创造性呢 detailedreading4 5 formostofus however itisnoteasytoforgive forgivingseemsalmostunnatural oursenseoffairnesstellsusthatpeopleshouldpayforthewrongtheydo butinforgivingwecanmovefromhurtingandhatingtohealingandreconciliation hateisournaturalresponsetodeepandunfairhurts awomanwishesherformerhusbandwouldbemiserablewithhisnewwife amanwhosefriendhasbetrayedhimhopesthefriendwillbefiredfromhisjob hateisamalignancythatfestersandgrows stiflingjoyandthreateningourhealth ithurtsthehatermorethanthehated itmustbecutout forourownsake 4 5 detailedreading1 payfor1 payforv receivepunishmentorsufferingforsth e g he llhavetopayforwhathehasdone 他将为自己所做的一切付出代价 collocation payback returnmoneytosb thatonehasborrowedfromhim punishsb orgetone srevenge报答 偿还 还钱 向 报复payin into putmoneyintoabankaccount把 存入银行payout regularly makealargepaymentofmoneyforsth 付钱 付费用 more detailedreading1 payfor3 exercise chooseaproperphraseinitsappropriateformtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences ialotofmoneyforthatcar 2 thesepeoplemustbemadetotheircrimes 3 haveiyouthe 10iborrowed 4 haveyouthechequeyouraccountyet 5 i llhimforwhathedidtome paidout payforpaybackpayintopayout payfor back paid paid into pay back detailedreading1 payfor1 healv tomakesb whoisillbecomehealthyagain especiallybyusingnaturalpowersorprayer e g heclaimsthathecanhealthesick derivation healingn healinglyadv healableadj collocation healover healup translation 我胳膊上的伤已愈合了 2 家庭成员之间的不和随着时间的流逝而消失 thewoundonmyarmhashealed thedisagreementamongthefamilymembershealedoverwithtime detailedreading1 payfor1 reconciliationn 1 asituationinwhichtwopeople countriesetc becomefriendlywitheachotheragainafterquarrelling和解 和好 e g itoldherthattherecouldneverbeareconciliationbetweenus 我告诉她我们之间决不可能和解 more 2 theprocessoffindingawaythattwobeliefs factsetc thatareopposedtoeachothercanbothbetrueorsuccessful和谐 调和 一致 e g thereconciliationbetweenenvironmentanddevelopmentcanbeattained 环境与发展可以和谐一致 detailedreading1 payfor1 derivation reconcilev reconcilern reconcilementn reconciliatoryadj collocation reconciliationbetween with translation 1 汤姆对与父亲和解没有兴趣 2 但他没有心情去和解 tomisnotinterestedinreconciliationwithhisfather buthewasinnomoodforreconciliation detailedreading1 former1 formera ofanearlierperiodortime beingthefirstmentionedoftwothingsorpeople e g informerdaystherewasaracecoursehere 从前这儿有个赛马场 whensheisofferedice creamorpie shealwayschoosestheformer 当有冰淇淋或馅饼给她吃时 她总是挑选前者 derivation formerlyad antonym current present detailedreading1 hateisa hateisamalignancythatfestersandgrows stiflingjoyandthreateningourhealth translation 憎恨就像是一个不断溃烂和增大的肿瘤 它抑制人的快乐 威胁人的健康 paraphrase hateislikeaviciousanduncontrollablediseasethatdarkensourlifeandaffectsourhealth detailedreading1 payfor1 cutoutv e g thedoctortoldmetocutoutmeatformyfat 由于肥胖 大夫叫我停止吃肉 cutoutallthevulgarexpressions 删去所有粗俗的用语 cutouttheengine willyou 把发动机关掉好吗 more 1 tostopdoingoreatingsomething especiallybecauseitmightbebadforyourhealth2 toremovesomethingfromapieceofwriting especiallybecauseitmightoffendpeople3 tostopsomeonefromdoingsomethingorbeinginvolvedinsomething detailedreading1 payfor1 e g ileftmedicineanyway iwasn treallycutoutforit 我还是放弃学医了 我真的不是那块料 hedoesn tfeelheiscutouttobealeader 他认为自己没有做领导的才能 more collocation notcutoutforaparticulartypeofwork nothavethequalitiesthatareneededtobeabletodoitwell detailedreading1 payfor3 exercise chooseaproperphraseinitsappropriateformtofilleachblankinthefollowingsentences 1 installingdoubleglazingwillthenoisefromtraffic 2 thecurrentadvicetopregnantwomenistoalcohol 2 thegashadbeen 3 thecancerouscellshadtobe cutdowncutoffcutout cutdown cutoff cutout cutout cutoff cutdowncutsomethingoff tostopthesupplyofsomethingsuchaselectricity gas wateretc cutdown toreducetheamountofsomething comparison howdoestheauthorcommentonforgivenessandhate detailedreading1 quesion5 theauthoradmitsthat itisnoteasytoforgive forgivingseemsalmostunnatural oursenseoffairnesstellsusthatpeopleshouldpayforthewrongtheydo and hateisournaturalresponse however hebelievesthatforgivenessbringsabouthealingandreconciliationwhilehateonlydarkensourlifeandaffectsourhealth parttwo para 6 18 mainideasinpart2 theauthormovesontogiveadviceontherightapproachtothematter forgivingthepersonandhealingourwound para 6 thisisatransitionalparagraphthatleadstotheauthor ssuggestions para 7 9 intheseparagraphstheauthorputsforwardthefirstguidelineexemplifiedbyliz scase detailedanalysis more parttwo para 6 18 mainideaspara 10 12 theseparagraphsmakeupthesecondguidelineforforgiveness para 13 16 thethirdguidelineisdiscussedinthesefourparagraphs para 17 18 thetwoparagraphsareaboutthelastguideline don tgiveuponforgivenessbecauseitcallsfordeterminationandcontinualeffort detailedanalysis detailedreading6 8 howcanthisbedone howcanyouletgoofahurt thewayachildopenshishandsandfreesatrappedbutterfly hereareguidelinestohelpyoubegintoforgive confrontyourmalice noneofuswantstoadmitthatwehatesomeone sowehideitfromourselves butthefurydeniedragesbeneaththesurfaceandinfectsallourrelationships admittingourhatecompelsustomakeadecisionaboutthesurgeryofthesoulwecallforgiving wemustacknowledgewhathashappened faceuptotheotherpersonandsay youdidmewrong 7 6 detailedreading1 trap letgoof release asfromone sgrip释放 放开 it stimetoletgoofyourfantasies joannaletgoofthedeer anditboundedoffbetweenthetreesyoucan tgoonwellinlifeuntilyouletgoofyourpastfailures translation 不要做白日梦了 乔安娜放走了小鹿 小鹿在树间跳跃着跑开了 只有对曾经的失败不再耿耿于怀 生命才会变得更加美好 detailedreading1 trap trapv unabletomoveorescape e g thepolicetrappedhimintoaconfession 警察设圈套使他招供 manywomenaretrappedinlovelessmarriages 许多妇女陷入没有爱情的婚姻之中而无法摆脱 collocation trapsb intosth doingsth catchsb byatrick translation 雇主用做有记号的钱诱捕了那个贼 theemployertrappedthethiefbyusingmarkedmoney detailedreading1 trap e g thegovernmenthadfinishedguidelinesforthecompletionoftaxreturns 政府已经形成了完善退税的方针 thegovernmenthasdrawnupguidelinesonthetreatmentofthementallyill 政府制定了对待精神病人的指导方针 thefiguresareausefulguidelinewhenbuyingahouse 买房时这些数据很有参考价值 collocation guidelinefor on guidelinen 1 rulesorinstructionsaboutthebestwaytodosomething指导方针 指导原则 准则2 somethingthathelpsyouformanopinionormakeadecision参考 detailedreading1 trap confrontv 1 tobefacetofacewith面临 遭遇2 tofacebravely勇敢地面对 正视3 topresentsomebodywithsomething usuallytoaccuseorcriticize使当面对证 e g wemustconfrontthefuturewithoptimism 我们必须乐观地面对未来 theschoolwasconfrontedwithareducedbudget 学校面临削减预算 thejudgeconfrontedtheaccusedwithhisaccuser 法官让被告和原告对质 more detailedreading1 trap translation 他一天之内遭遇父母及爱人的离逝 我希望和控告我的人当庭对质 hewasconfrontedwiththedeathofhisparentsandhisspouse collocation beconfrontedwithsth confrontsb with aboutsth iwishtoconfrontmyaccuserinacourtoflaw derivation confrontationn 对抗 冲突confrontationistn 对抗主义者 adj 主张对抗的confrontmentn 面对 面对面 对质 meet encounter confront face contact 这些动词均有 遇见 会见 碰见 之意 meet 普通用词 本义指双方或多方从不同方向或相反方向作向对运动 最终相碰 遇 encounter 通常指遇到困难或挫折 也指偶然或意外地相遇 confront 不可避免的 面对面的相遇 也指敢于正视困难或问题的决心和信心 face 侧重双方静止地面对面 或指指充满勇气 信心和决心正视人或事 contact 多指通过书信 电话或直接会面和别人联系 口语用词 comparison malicen intentiontohurtsb 恶意 恶感 怨恨 detailedreading1 malice e g shediditfrompuremalice 她做这事纯粹是恶意 hiseyesgleamedwithmalice 他的眼中闪着仇恨的光 therewasnomaliceinhisvoice 他的声音中没有恶意 therewasastrongcurrentofmaliceinmanyofhisportraits 他的许多肖像画中都透着一股强烈的怨恨 derivation maliciousa maliciouslyad antonym goodness more detailedreading1 butthefury translation 他对任何人都没有敌意 对于他所做的事 我并没有心怀恶意 不要记恨你的父亲 bear have harbormalicetowards对 怀恶意 怀恨 某人 collocation hehadnomalicetowardsanyone iharbornomalicetowardhimforwhathehasdone don tbearmalicetoyourfather detailedreading1 butthefury butthefurydeniedragesbeneaththesurfaceandinfectsallourrelationships paraphrase butthehatethatwerefusetoadmitisrightthereburninginsideusandinfluencesallourrelationships translation 但这种我们拒绝承认的怒火恰恰在我们心底燃烧 影响着我们的人际关系 detailedreading1 fury furyn verygreatanger e g inhisfuryhetorethelettertopieces 他盛怒之下把信撕得粉碎 ihadreactedinafuryofgrief 我的反应是悲愤交加 derivation furiousa collocation afuryofsth inafurytoflyintoafury translation 1 风暴的猛烈程度终于降低了 2 不要因为一点小事就大动肝火 atlastthefuryofthestormlessened don tflyintoafuryfortheslightestreason detailedreading1 rage ragev behaveviolently asifinstateofagreatanger发怒 怒斥 e g sheragedwhenherjewelswerestolenwhileunderpoliceprotection 在有警察保护的情况下她的珠宝被偷 她十分生气 thepublicragedatthemindlessbureaucracy 公众怒斥愚蠢的官僚主义 monroewasonthephone ragingabouthermistreatmentbythebrothers 门罗正在打电话 怒不可遏地说着她被这几个兄弟虐待的事 derivation ragen raginga collocation rageat againstsb sth showviolentanger synonym anger fury detailedreading1 infect infectv 1 makesb elsehavefeelingsofthesametype2 togivesomeoneadisease e g thecaptain scourageinfectedhismen 船长的勇气感染了他的船员 ifyoureyesareinfected youmustgotoanoculist 如果眼睛有炎症 你就必须去看眼科医生 youngmenbecameinfectedbydrugs 年轻人受到毒品的腐蚀 derivation infectiousa infectiouslyad infectionn more detailedreading1 infect 那小孩感染了流感 裸露的伤口很快就受到了感染 她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班 collocation infectwith ofadisease togetintothebodyof someone oftenthroughtheair thechildwasinfectedwithinfluenza theopenwoundsoonbecameinfected hercheerfulspiritsinfectedthewholeclass e g detailedreading1 compel compelv forceapersontodosth e g theyoftencompelledustoworktwelveorfourteenhoursaday 他们常常强迫我们每天工作十二或十四小时 hewascompelledbyillnesstogiveuphisstudies 他因病被迫放弃学业 synonym oblige force comparison compel tomake apersonorthing dosomething byforce moralpersuasion orordersthatmustbeobeyedimpel esp ofanidea feeling etc todrive someone totakeaction推进 推动 more detailedreading1 infect 1 雨迫使我们待在室内 2 责任驱使军人必须志愿加入此任务 theraincompelledustostayindoors dutycompelledthesoldierstovolunteerforthemission e g derivation compellingadj 1 强制的2 令人注目的 令人感叹的3 令人信服的 acknowledgev admit recognizethefact detailedreading1 acknowledge e g wehopeyoucanacknowledgeyourmistakeinpublic 希望你当众认错 iacknowledgethathercriticismisjust 我承认她的批评是公正的 sheacknowledgedhimasherheir 她承认他为自己的继承人 collocation acknowledgesth that sb assth derivation acknowledgementn 1 whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying thewayachildopenshishandandfreesatrappedbutterfly detailedreading1 quesion6 bycomparingcuttingouthatetofreeingatrappedbutterfly theauthorimpliesthatforgivenesswouldnotbethatdifficultifyoufollowhisguidelines 2 whatisthefirstprobleminourattempttoachieveforgiveness thefirstproblemisthatweusuallydonotadmitthatwehatesomeonewhohashurtus detailedreading6 8 lizwasanassistantprofessorofbiologyatauniversityincalifornia shewasagoodteacher andthechairmanofherdepartmentpromisedtoaskthedeantopromoteher instead hisreportwassocriticalofherperformancethatthedeanadvisedhertolookforanotherjob 8 lizhatedthechairmanforbetrayingher butsheneededarecommendationfromhim whenhesaidhowsorryhewasthathissupportcouldnotconvincethedean shepretendedtobelievehim butshecouldnotkeepuptheduplicity onedaysheconfrontedhim hisembarrasseddenialenabledliztoseehimfortheweakpersonhewas shebegantofeelthepowersheneededtoforgivehimand inherdecisiontodoso wassetfreeofherhate 9 detailedreading1 promote promotev givesb ahigherposition e g mydaughterhasjustbeenpromoted theyoungarmyofficerwaspromotedtotherankofcaptain derivation promotionn promotern promotionala collocation promotesb tosth raisesb toahigherpositionorrank antonym demote detailedreading1 promote becriticalof tobeinclinedtofindfaultwithortojudgewith e g don tbecriticalofhim heisabeginner 不要对他挑剔 他是初学者 theoldmanwascriticaloftheboy simpolitebehavior 那个老人不满意男孩的不礼貌行为 shetaughtmetobelesscriticalofotherpeople 她教育我不要太苛求于人 comparison becriticalto tobeofdecisiveimportanceto withrespecttotheoutcome tobecrucialto more detailedreading1 promote e g healsomaintainsthatcallcentrescanbecriticaltoprocess 他也坚持说 呼叫中心对预订流程的作用也很重要 astablecreditsupplywillbecriticaltochina scontinuedgrowth 稳定的信贷供应对中国经济持续增长至关重要 comparison becriticalto tobeofdecisiveimportanceto withrespecttotheoutcome tobecrucialto translation 1 许多家长对学校强烈不满 2 许多经济学家对政府的经济政策非常不满 manyparentsarestronglycriticaloftheschool manyeconomistsarecriticalofthegovernment seconomicpolicies detailedreading1 recommendation derivation recommendv recommendablea recommendatoryadj recommendationn officialadvicegiventosomeone especiallyaboutwhattodo asuggestiontosomeonethattheyshouldchooseaparticularthingorpersonthatyouthinkisverygood e g 1