山东省新泰市第二中学高中英语《名词性从句》课件 外研版选修7.ppt

名词性从句 辨别下列名词性从句的类别 1 howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor 2 johnsaidthathewasleavingforlondononwednesday 3 thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently 4 thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice 5 hewilltalktousaboutwhathesawinu s 6 itisimpossiblethatigoandattendthemeeting 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类 连接词 that whether if连接代词 what whatever who whoever whom whose which 连接副词 when where how why 1 that只起连接主句和从句的作用 在从句中不担任任何成分 本身也没有词义 宾语从句中可省略2 不充当介宾3 引导主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 that不可省略 that wh clause v 主语从句s be link v that wh clause表语从句s vt that wh clause宾语从句s vi prep wh clause宾语从句 一 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替 而本身放在句子末尾 1 it作形式主语 it作形式主语代替主语从句 主要是为了平衡句子结构 主语从句的连接词没有变化 例如 itisapitythatyoudidn tgotoseethefilm itdoesn tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 而that则不然 例如 1 yousaidyesterdayisright 2 sheisstillaliveisagoodthing itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive what that 2 what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 二 宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后 1 作动词的宾语 1 由that引导的宾语从句 that通常可以省略 例如 iheardthathejoinedthearmy 2 由what whether if 引导的宾语从句 例如 shedidnotknowwhathadhappened iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme 3 动词 间接宾语 宾语从句 例如 shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation 2 作介词的宾语 例如 oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate 合作 withoneanother 3 作形容词的宾语 例如 iamafraid that i vemadeamistake iamsure that hewillwinthegame 4 it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语 还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中 例如 wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone 5 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think consider suppose believe expect fancy guess imagine等 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用肯定式 例如 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿 idon tthinkthedressfitsyouwell 三 表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 放在系动词之后 一般结构是 主语 连系动词 表语从句 可以接表语从句的连系动词有be look remain seem等 另外 常用的还有thereasonisthat 和itisbecause等结构 例如 1 thequestionis wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime 2 thisis wecan tgetthesupportofthepeople 3 butthefactremains wearebehindtheotherclasses 4 thereason heislateforschoolis hemissedtheearlybus whether how why that why that 四 同位语从句 1 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释 说明名词的具体内容 一般由that引导 例如 1 theking sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople 2 theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句 2 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面 而是被别的词隔开 例如 hegotthenewsfrommarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff 3 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1 定语从句中的that既代替先行词 同时以在从句中作某个成分 主语或宾语 而同位语从句中的that是连词 只起连接主句与从句的作用 不充当句中任何成分 2 定语从句是形容词性的 其功能是修饰先行词 对先行词加以限定 描述它的性质或特征 同位语从句是名词性的 其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明 例如 1 thenewsthathetoldmeisthattomwouldgoabroadnextyear 他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国 第一个that引导的从句是定语从句 that在从句中作宾语 2 thenewsthattomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的 同位语从句 that在句中不作任何成分 whether与if均为 是否 的意思 但在下列情况下 whether不能被if所取代 主语从句 whetherhewillcomeisunknown 2 表语从句 如 thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit 3 同位语从句 如 thequestionwhetherhe llattendthemeetingisnotdecided 4 从句作介词的宾语 如 i mnotinterestedinwhetherthey llgoornot itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney 5 直接跟不定式连用 如 shehasn tdecidedwhethertogoornot 用if或whether填空 1 idon tknow i llbefreetomorrow 2 idon tknow ornoti llbefreetomorrow 3 thequestionis thisbookisworthwriting 4 itdependson wewillhaveenoughmoney 5 theycandoitmatterslittletous 6 youarenotfreetomorrow i llgowithoutyou whether if whether whether whether whether if that在同位语从句与定语从句的区别 i 试比较下面两个例句 1 thesuggestionthatheraisedatthemeetingisverygood 2 thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood that引导定语从句 作宾语 可以省略 that引导同位语从句 在从句中不担当任何成分 但不可以省略 辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1 weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon 2 wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallourmoney 3 thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywasfalse 4 ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon 5 thefactisthatwehavespentallourmoney 同位语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 表语从句 翻译以下句子 并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种 1 whathewantsisabook 2 itissonicethatwecanlearnthisgrammarpointtogether 3 i msogladthaticanmakefriendswithyou 4 thisiswhyhedidit 5 doyouagreetothesuggestionthatwe should haveatripintibet 6 thathewantsabookiscertain 7 isuggestedjustnowwe should takepartinthisactivity 8 whetheryoulikehimornotdoesn tmattertoomuch 9 hedoesn tknowwhetheryoucansingitwell 10 theproblemiswhetheryoucansingitwell 11 theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotbeendecided 12 pleasetellmewhoyourmonitoris 主语从句 主语从句 主语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 1 what thata hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus b hespoke 发言 atthemeetingsurprisedus 2 if whether yougoorstayathomewon tmakeanydifferences 3 whatapity is youdidn tarrivebydaylight a there becauseb it thatc he whend that for4 nomatterhow who what where whenwearereadytodo thecountrywantsustodo a whatb whichc nomatterwhatd whatever what that whether b d 高考再现1 nmet1995 isafactthatenglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage a thereb thisc thatd it2 nmet1996 wecan tgetseemsbetterthanwehave a what whatb what thatc that thatd that what3 nmet2001春 ireadaboutitinsomebookorother doesitmatteritwas a whereb whatc howd which4 nmet1997 it sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants a howeverb whateverc whicheverd wherever5 nmet1999 idrovetozhuhaifortheairshowlastweek isthatyouhadafewdaysoff a whyb whenc whatd where d a d b a 6 上海2002 there safeelinginmewe llneverknowwhataufois notever a thatb whichc ofwhichd what a 1 itisimportantthat oureducationinallavailableways a wemustdevelopb weshalldevelopc wewoulddevelopd weshoulddevelop2 itisnecessarythat bytheendoftheweek a wegoteverythingreadyb wehavegoteverythingreadyc wegeteverythingreadyd wemustgeteverythingready3 itwasnaturalthat a mypictureswouldsurprisethemb mypicturessurprisedthemc mypicturesshouldsurprisethemd mypictureswouldhavesurprisedthem4 iwonder a whetherornoti llcatchthelastbusb ifornoti llcatchthelastbusc thati llcatchthelastbus