朗阁火车头精六六五阅写补充练习答案写作.pdf

answer keys for chapter 1 language for writing page 1 page 2 page 3 page 4 page 5 page 6 page 7page 8page 9page 7 page 8 page 9page 9 page 10 page 11 page 12 page 13 answer keys for chapter 2 diagrams p15 2 first 3 pieces 4 container 5 heated 6 then 7 liquid 8 next then 9 placed 10 container 11 added 12 mixture 13 ingredients 14 passes travels 15 machine 16 next then 17 shapes pieces 18 pieces 19 finally 20 travels passes p16 exercises 1 the cans arc allowed to cool 2 the cans are sterilized using a special heating process 3 the fruit is taken to the cannery in large trucks 4 the fruit is checked before storage and any poor quality fruit is rejected the correct order is 3 4 2 1 sample answer the diagram shows how fresh fruit is canned first the fruit is picked from trees by hand it is then transported to the cannery by large trucks at the cannery the fruit is washed and quality checked and any poor quality fruit is rejected the good quality fruit is put into cold storage when it is ready for canning the fruit is weighed and graded the grading ensures that fruit of a similar size is kept together after this the fruit is peeled and the cores are removed it is then sliced into the required sizes and put into cans juice or syrup is also added to the cans once the cans have been filled they are sealed and cooked over heat to ensure that the cans are sterilized when the cans arc cool a label is attached and they are placed into storage the canned fruit is now ready to be despatched to supermarkets and sold p18 2 which that i 3 which that e 4 which h 5 which that c 6 where b 7 which that f 8 which a 9 which that d p19 2 arc peeled 3 are soaked 4 are put 5 are sliced 6 are rinsed 7 are fried 8 are removed 9 are then left 10 are added 11 be distributed 12 sold p20 sample answer band 9 the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven consecutive steps first the raw material clay which lies just below the surface of soil in certain clay rich areas has to be dug up by a digger then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much smaller ones which fall through the metal grid onto a roller whose motion further segregates the bits of clay sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture which is then either formed in moulds or cut into brick shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter these fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time the dried bricks are then transferred to a a so called kiln another type of high temperature of 200 980 then at a high temperature of 870 1300 this process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber once the bricks have been cooled down and have become hard they get packaged and delivered to their final destination be it a building site or storage 224 words p21 sample answer this diagram describes how uranium is mined processed used and then discarded uranium is found under the ground and so it must be mined once the mined uranium has been extracted it is taken to a processing centre here the uranium is converted into a form that can be used as a fuel in a nuclear power station to do this the uranium is changed into a gas and enriched before it is reformed as u 235 fuel pellets the fuel pellets are then used in nuclear power stations to provide up to 7 billion kilowatts of electricity from just one station after the fuel has been used for about four years it is removed from the power station and stored some of the used fuel can be re processed and re used in a power station to produce more electricity finally old stored fuel that cannot be re processed is put into stainless steel containers and then buried deep in the ground 159 words p22 sample answer the first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm first of all eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves this stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself after a period of about three weeks the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons life cycle begins again the cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth once selected they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding stage each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long which means they can be twisted together dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage overall the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process 161 words p25 1 consists of 2 contains 3 is raised 4 is connected 5 vertical 6 remove 7 sends 8 supply p26 sample answer the thermos flask is used to keep the liquids it contains at the same temperature its most common use is to keep hot drinks for example coffee hot but you can also use it to keep things like milk cold a thermos flask is a cylinder shaped object between 30 and 40 cm high on the inside is a flask made of glass there is nearly no air inside this glass so it is a very poor conductor in addition the glass is silvered which reduces infrared radiation this vacuum flask is surrounded by another cylinder made of metal or plastic which protects the fragile glass inside on the top is a plug or cap usually made of cork or plastic which is covered by a plastic cup this is taken off and used to drink the liquid from some heat escapes from the cap but the special design of the thermos flask means that liquid maintains its temperature for several hours 161 words p27 sample answer the diagrams illustrate how climate influences the design of houses it can be noticed that the roof windows and building materials of houses in cool and warm climates are considerably different in cool climates special attention is given to the use of building materials that can store heat and insulation is used on the outside of the house to avoid heat loss careful positioning of the building and large windows facing winter sunlight also assist to passively heat the house the roof has an extreme angle to assist with snow runoff and roof overhang does not interfere with sunlight homes in warm climates require the opposite approach insulation and reflective roof material aim to keep heat from the sun out windows are placed under a wider roof overhang so that they are shaded from direct light in the day and so that cooler night air can move through the house when the windows are open 155 words p28 sample answer the diagram shows the ways in which the pollution in the river is affected by river speed in the upper stream of the river where water moves fast pollutants from both industry and farming tend to float and are carried downstream by the rushing river water because of the fast speed at which these pollutants travel in the river they cannot reach the bottom and therefore become part of the silt on the river bed at the mouth of the river however due to the low speed at which they travel pollutants from industry and farming are forced to descend and deposit in the mud at the river bottom pollutants from industry are obviously heavier and therefore can be found at the far side from the sea while agricultural pollutants are lighter and are carried further to the part of the river mouth where they are absorbed by sea grasses and become part of the food or nutrients for those plants 161 words p29 sample answer this diagram illustrates the process which occurs when plants and human beings create oxygen and carbon dioxide plants make oxygen through a process called photosynthesis to do this plants need certain elements firstly they take in water through their roots from the earth below secondly they take in carbon dioxide co2 from the air around them apart from these they also need to absorb sunlight from the sun above with water carbon dioxide and air plants are able to produce oxygen through photosynthesis humans and animals perform an opposite process humans and animals take oxygen into their lungs through breathing when humans and animals exhale they breathe out carbon dioxide in conclusion plants humans and animals provide services for each other humans and animals need the oxygen that plants produce in order to stay alive when humans and animals breathe out they provide the carbon dioxide that plants need in order to survive 153 words p 32 exercise 1 make the size bigger make the size smaller make the number bigger make the number smaller change or take away make better extend enlarge develop grow increase reduce increase add to rise grow reduce decrease decline drop fall replace by remove convert into improve develop exercise 2 1 grown 2 converted 3 removed replaced 4 decreased increased 5 reduced 6 added p 34 1 17 2 6 3 16 4 7 5 8 6 1 7 3 8 11 9 15 10 10 11 4 12 5 13 2 14 13 15 14 16 12 17 9 p35 sample answer the three maps representing changes in palm grove between 1950 and 2000 show that the town became a resort as accessibility from the outside improved in 1950 palm grove was a small fishing village with few hotels it lies 450 kilometers from the nearest city since the only access to the village in 1950 was by a two lane road most tourists probably didn t want to make the long trip to get there by 1975 a new four lane highway had brought changes to palm grove it was still a fishing village but it appears that the new road made it easier for tourists to get there several new hotels had been built for them along the beach by 2000 an airport had been built just outside palm grove this apparently changed the town into a resort the hotel district was greatly expanded and the fishing docks were rem