新视野大学英语第五册单词.doc

Unit 1 新视野大学英语第五册第一课A Technological Revolution in Education 课文生词讲解( new words study) prevalent a. (fml.)existing commonly, generally, or widely (in some place or at some time ); predominant (正式)（在某地或某时）流行的，盛行的；普遍的The habit of traveling by aircraft is becoming more prevalent each year. 坐飞机旅行一年比一年普遍了。One simple injection can help to protect you right through the cold months when flu is most prevalent. 只要打上一针预防针就能帮助你度过流感盛行的寒冷月份。 continuity n. Uuninterrupted connection or union (through time or space) 连续性，连贯性There is no continuity of subject in a dictionary. 词典的主题没有连续性。This paper lacks continuity. 这篇论文缺乏连贯性。 inherent a. existing as an essential constituent or characteristic; intrinsic固有的，内在的，天生的The communication skills that belong to each species of animal, including people, are not inherent.包括人在内的动物所具有的交际技能并不是天生的。With his inherent love of life, he started meeting people socially again, although he abstained from alcohol and cigarettes. 由于天生热爱生活，他又开始了社交生活，但戒绝了烟酒。 inherently ad. in itself or oneself; by its or ones nature ;as such ;intrinsically 固有地，本质上，内在地It is most difficult to carry out reforms in inherently conservative institutions like schools.在像学校这样本质上保守的机构中进行改革是极其困难的。 decisive a. 1. unquestionable 无疑的，明确的Although the new chairman had his critics, it was clear that his method of management had produced decisive changes. 尽管这位新主席受到过批判，但他的管理方法显然带来了不容置疑的变化。2. showing determination or firmness坚决的，果断的Top managers need to be decisive and should not push issues under the rug in the hope that they will solve themselves. 最高经理层要果断，而不应该把问题掩盖起来，指望它们自行解决。3. leading to a result ; deciding an issue决定性的，关键性的Sadly, the guru died before passing on any decisive conclusion.可悲的是，这位大师还没来得及传授关键性结论就离世了。 permeate vt. pass through or into every part of (sth.) 渗透，渗入，充满The fragrance of flowers permeates every room. 每个房间都弥漫着花香。 telecommunications n. the receiving or sending of messages by telephone, television, telegraph, or radio 电信 accessory n. 1. (usu. pl.)sth. which is not a necessary part of sth. larger, but which makes it more useful ,effective, etc.附件，附属品He needs to buy a few accessories for his broken bicycle. 他需要为他的破自行车购买一些附件。2. C one who incites, aids, or abets a lawbreaker in the commission of a crime, but is not present at the time of the crime (怂恿、帮助罪犯进行犯罪活动，但犯罪时不在现场的)同谋，从犯He was accused of being the accessory of those murderers. 他被指控为那些谋杀者的同谋。 literally ad. 1. exactly, without exaggeration 确切地，真正地There are people in the world who literally do not know how to boil water. 世界上确实有不知道怎么烧水的人。2. word by word 逐字地It is difficult to understand his work when it is literally translated into Chinese. 如果将他的作品逐字翻译成汉语是很难理解的。 3. according to the words and not the intention 按字面地 Dont take my remarks literally. 别按字面理解我的话。4. (used loosely to intensify meaning) (用于加强语气)简直He was literally blue with cold. 他真是冷得全身青紫。 bless vt. ask Gods favor or protection for（祈求上帝）祝福，赐福于 Bless this house!愿上帝保佑这个家。 blessing n. 1.Ca gift from God or anything that brings happiness or good fortune 上帝的恩赐；幸事Blessings cannot simply be expected to come along in disguise. 不能总是指望祸事中隐藏着好事。2.U approval; encouragement 批准，鼓励This plan has my blessing. 这计划由我批准。The panel has to give its blessing to the ending of the contract. 专门小组不得不批准结束合约。 instantaneous a. happening at once, instantly, without delay即刻的；瞬间发生的The students can almost give instantaneous responses to questions raised by their teacher. 学生们几乎能立即回答老师提出的问题。This photo studio applies new technology to make an instantaneous photograph possible. 这家照相馆应用新技术使快照成为可能。 literacy n. U the ability to read and write 识字，能读能写，有文化The king encouraged and demanded higher standards of literacy from his subjects. 这位国王鼓励并且要求他的臣民们有更高的文化水平。a literacy campaign 扫盲运动the literacy rate 文化普及率 mingle v. mix (with another thing or with people )so as to be an undivided whole，or to be indistinguishable 相混合,（与另一物或人）混在一起The president delivered a speech that contained praise mingled with blame. 总统发表了一篇有赞扬也有责难的演说。The king mingled with the people in the streets. 国王与街上的人混在一起了。 distort vt. 1. give a false account of ; twist the true meaning曲解；歪曲Comparisons are essential, isolated numbers merely distort the story. 对比极其重要，孤立的数字只能歪曲真相。That newspapers accounts of international affairs are sometimes distorted. 那家报纸对国际事件的报道有时是歪曲事实的。2. twist out of a natural, usual, original shape or condition使变形，弄歪Her voice, distorted with tension, sounded so unnatural that at first no one recognized it. 她的声音由于紧张而扭曲了，听起来极不自然，刚开始大家都没有听出是她的声音来。 formidable a. 1. difficult; hard to defeat 困难的，难以克服的Chinese translators face formidable problems in tackling the translation of Shakespeares sonnets. 中国翻译家们在翻译莎士比亚十四行诗的过程中面临难以解决的困难。2. causing fear, doubt, anxiety, etc. 可怕的，令人生畏的The head of the research section was a formidable old professor. 研究室主任是个令人生畏的老教授。We cannot refuse, because we are in awe of the formidable woman running the PTA. 我们不能拒绝，因为我们畏惧家长教师协会的那位可怕的女主任。 precedent n. C, U an act or instance that may be used as an example in dealing with subsequent similar instances(用来处理同类问题时行之有效的）先例The President followed historical precedent in forming the Cabinet. 总统按照历史惯例组成内阁。The trial could set an important precedent for dealing with large numbers of similar cases. 那次审讯可以为处理大量类似诉讼提供先例。without precedent in history 史无前例 diploma n. C an official paper showing that a person has successfully finished a course of study 毕业文凭，学位证书a college diploma 大学文凭The secretary had diplomas in both education and linguistics. 该秘书取得了教育学和语言学两个毕业文凭。 certify vt. 1. give a certificate to (sb.) declaring official / professional recognition 授予合格证书Under the Fire Precautions Act 1971, there is no requirement for fire authorities to re-inspect a certified building. 在1971年防火法案中，没有要求消防机构对审定合格的建筑重新检查。 a certified teacher 持有证书的教师 2.declare that sth. is correct or true 证明，证实He had to certify that restoration was both practicable and in the public interest. 他必须证实修复既可行又符合公众利益。 competence n. U the ability to do what is needed; skill能力，技巧His remarkable handling of this difficult case demonstrated his competence as a lawyer. 他对这件难断的案子的出色处理显示了他当律师的能力。To be a good teacher requires both competence and patience. 做一个好老师既要有能力也要有耐心。 simulate vt. (fml.) give the effect or appearance of ; imitate; closely imitate the conditions of a particular situation （正式）模拟，模仿；假装 Eyewitnesses stated that they saw soldiers simulating a leg injury. 目击者称他们看到士兵们假装腿部受伤。The case studies simulate a variety of international business situations in which English would be the likely language of communication. 这些个案研究模拟以英语为可能交际语言的国际商务情景。a computer-simulated explosion 计算机模拟的爆炸 repertoire n. 1.C (fig.) a whole set of (functions, talents, etc.) 全套，全部本领/功能He had a large repertoire of jokes. 他会讲很多的笑话。2.C the collection of plays, pieces of music, etc. that a performance or theatre group can perform（演员或剧团的）全部节目; 保留节目That song is not in my repertoire. 我演出的节目中没有这首歌。 vocational a. relating to a particular type of job职业上的，业务上的 The new company got valuable vocational counseling from the experienced counselors. 这家新公司从经验丰富的顾问那里获得了可贵的业务建议。Big companies, such as IBM, spend millions of dollars annually on vocational training for their employees. 像IBM这样的大公司每年都花费几百万美元来给雇员进行职业培训。 productive a. 1. that produces well or much多产的；丰饶的He is a very productive writer, who wrote a lot of well-known novels. 他是一位多产作家，写了大量为人熟知的小说。The talented composer reached his most productive years of creation in his twenties. 这位才华横溢的作曲家在二十几岁时达到创作高峰。2. causing or producing (a result ,value ,etc. ) 生产的，生产性的Employers get profits from the productive labour of their employees. 雇主们从其雇员的生产性劳动中获得利润。 flaw vt. damage; make imperfect 使有瑕疵Its a pity that the scar flawed her skin. 很遗憾，这块伤疤变成了她皮肤上的缺陷。 n. C damage or imperfection (usu. minor) 缺点，瑕疵 They tolerate no flaws in their plan because some VIPs will be present in the meeting. 他们不允许计划有半点纰漏，因为有几位要人要出席会议。 adolescent n.&a. (of) a boy or a girl in the period between being a child and being a grown person; a young teenager of about 1316青少年（的），处于青春期的孩子（的）（约1316岁） innovation n. C, Uthe introduction of sth. new 革新，创新，改革The rise of computers has led to technical innovations in almost every aspect of human life. 计算机的兴起导致人类生活方方面面的技术革新。Educational innovations are called for in order to cater for the rapidly changing world. 教育需要革新以适应迅速变化的世界。 genetic adj. of or concerning genes or genetics遗传的，起源的 doom vt. （usu. pass.）cause to unavoidably experience or suffer sth. unpleasant 使遭厄运，注定，判决Any attempt to destroy the friendship between our two nations is doomed to failure. 任何破坏我们两国间友谊的企图都注定要失败。 n. C, U a terrible fate ;unavoidable destruction or death 厄运，毁灭，死亡 Forecasting doom is a habit of Mr. Prophet. 预测灾难是预言家先生的习惯。 go to ones doom 走向毁灭 dilemma n. C a difficult choice to be made between two courses of action 困境，两难境地，进退维谷I am in a dilemma whether to do math or English. 我左右为难，不知该做数学还是读英语。Ph.D. students who havent completed their dissertations by the time their fellowships expire face a difficult dilemma: whether to take out loans to support themselves, to try to work part-time at both a job and their research, or to give up on the degree entirely. 奖学金到期而尚未完成论文的博士生们面临进退两难的境地： 是申办贷款维持生活, 或尝试半工半读, 还是彻底放弃学位。 breakthrough n. C a major advance or discovery (often in a particular field); an act of breaking through or overcoming an obstacle or problem 突破，发现Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in kidney transplantation. 外科医生在肾移植方面取得了重大突破。Recent scientific breakthroughs may change peoples life in most radical ways. 最新的科学成就能彻底改变人类生活。 offspring n. U a child or children ;the young of an animal 子孙，后代；幼兽A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, whose genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. 克隆是指来自同一祖先的一个或多个后代，其基因构成与其祖先完全相同。We need to preserve the environment for the benefit of our offspring. 为了我们子孙后代的利益我们需要保护环境。 clone vt. make multiple identical copies of 克隆，复制 imaginative a. using or having imagination富于想像的，有想像力的He described his future wife in the most imaginative way. 他以最富有想像力的方式描述了他未来的妻子。Even a most imaginative poet fails to describe the beauty of my homeland. 即使最富于想像的诗人也无法描述我家乡的美丽。 range from.to vary within specified limits（在一定幅度或范围内）变动，变化The temperature ranges from 10 to 20 degrees in spring. 春天气温在10到20度内变化。There is a big age difference among pub-goers, ranging from 17 to 70. 去酒吧的人年龄差异很大，从17岁到70岁不等。 with the exception of except ; apart from除外，除之外 The house is almost perfect, with the exception of its sewage system. 除了排水系统外，这房子完美无缺。 have access to have the right to approach, enter, exit, or make use of 有接近（或使用）的机会Citizens may have free access to the library. 市民可以免费使用图书馆。The school children in the Far West have no access to the Internet. 偏远西部的学生没有机会接触互联网。 in large measure to a large degree; mostly在很大程度上，多半The problem was in large measure caused by his carelessness. 这个问题在很大程度上是由他的粗心造成的。 tailor to ones need make, alter, or adapt for a particular end or purpose使适应特定需要The university offered a lecture that was tailored to the need of special interest groups. 大学提供了一次适合特殊兴趣小组需要的讲座。 hunt down seek out; search for (and find) 找寻，搜寻直至找到hunt down the escaped convict 追捕逃犯 draw on extract or take from experiences for ones own use 凭借，动用，利用Our ancestors have accumulated rich experiences for us to draw on. 我们的祖先积累了丰富的经验供我们借鉴。 in the absence of lacking; for the want of 缺乏，没有 In the absence of children, the picnic was a bore. 没有孩子参加，野餐单调乏味。Sales are almost impossible in the absence of good technical support. 没有良好的技术支持，销售几乎不可能有进展。 with respect to in relation to; in terms of ;concerning关于，就而言，在方面He never shows any opinions with respect to race. 关于种族问题，他从未发表任何见解。The discussion is exhaustive with respect to financial terms. 在金融条款方面讨论极其详尽。 call for demand; require需要This work calls for a lot of patience. 这项工作需要很大的耐心。A big fund is called for if the research institution is to survive. 研究所要生存就需要一大笔资金。 Skip navigation. Unit 1 新视野大学英语第五册第一课Be Your Own Tailor 课文生词讲解( new words study) h garment n. C an article of clothing 衣服，服装garment factories 服装厂This garment should be washed carefully. 这件衣服应该小心洗涤。 cripple vt. 1. cause to lose the use of a limb or limbs 使残疾She was crippled in the car accident. 在一次车祸中她的腿残了。2. damage or weaken seriously 损坏，削弱The ship was crippled in the storm. 船在风暴中受到损坏。 n. C one who is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limbs 伤残人He that lives with cripples learns to limp. 近朱者赤， 近墨者黑。 tug v. pull hard with force or much effort 用力拉，拖The child tugged at my hand to make me go with her. 这孩子使劲拉着我的手，让我和她一起走。 limp vi. 1. walk with an uneven step跛行，一瘸一拐地走 He limped off the football field. 他一瘸一拐地走出足球场。She seemed to be limping very slightly, something he had failed to notice when they walked to school together. 她似乎稍微有些瘸，但在他们一起步行去学校时他没有注意到。2. (of a ship, etc.) move or proceed with difficulty （船只等）艰难行进；（业务等）缓慢进行The project limped along with half its previous funding. 这个项目得到预定资金的一半，进展很缓慢。Four hours late, the train limped into Waterloo station at midnight.火车迟到了4个小时，终于在午夜缓慢地开进滑铁卢车站。 optimism n. Uthe belief that whatever happens will be good ,and that all will be well in the end乐观主义The top managers are full of optimism towards the sales volume of computers next year. 高级经理们对明年计算机的销量十分乐观。 affirm vt. 1. declare positively or firmly; maintain to be true 断言, 坚定地声明，证实正确The witness affirmed the facts. 证人确认那些是事实。As he affirms early on, people only remember the winners. 如他以前所断言的那样，人们只记住胜者。2. support or uphold the validity of 支持或维护的正确性 The upper court affirmed a judgment of the lower court. 上级法院维持下级法院的判决。 sacred a. holy; serious,solemn and important in the way religious things are神圣的，不可侵犯的He considered it a sacred duty to fulfill his dead fathers wishes.他认为实现父亲的遗愿是他神圣的义务。 nourish vt. 1. provide with food or other substances necessary for life and growth; feed 滋养；喂养Milk nourishes a baby. 牛奶滋养着婴儿。Lamb chops were both nourishing and cheap.小羊排既有营养又便宜。2. foster; sustain or enrich (emotions, etc.)培养；保持，怀有nourish a hope怀有希望nourish feelings of hatred怀恨在心 assimilate vt. 1. understand and be able to use properly理解，掌握 As a qualified lawyer, he has to assimilate the facts, not just remember them. 作为一名称职的律师他应该理解这些事实，而不仅仅是记住它们。2. take (food) into the body and digest it ; (of food) be taken into the body and digested 吸收，消化（食物）；被消化，被吸收We assimilate some kinds of food more easily than others. 有些种类的食物比别的食物更容易吸收。3. (cause to) become part of （使）同化The U.S.A. has assimilated people from many European countries. 美国同化了许多来自欧洲国家的移民。 innumerable a. too many to be counted 无数的，数不清的an innumerable throng of people 人山人海Being a father of five children, he seems to have innumerable duties to fulfill. 作为5个孩子的父亲，他似乎有尽不完的义务。 tempo n. 1. C pace步调，节奏the tempo and the feeling of modern life 现代生活的节奏和情感2. C the speed at which music is played （音乐的）节拍a quick tempo 快拍a slow tempo 慢拍 plead vi. 1. appeal earnestly; beg 恳求，祈求plead for more time 恳求更多的时间2. put forward a plea of a specific nature in court 答辩，在法庭上提出特定的申辩He was mad and unfit to plead. 他疯了，不适合出庭申辩。 nurture vt. 1. help grow or develop; cultivate培养，促进成长nurture a students talent 培养学生的才能Nurture your mind. 发展你的心智。2.give care or foods to 养育，培育He is being so carefully nurtured that never yet has he suffered any frustration. 他受到如此精心的养育，至今还从未遭受任何挫折。 n. 1. U nourishment 营养物 2.Uthe process of rearing or bringing up (esp. children) 养育，培养The nurture of the two sisters was very different. 两姐妹接受过不同的培养。They feel nurture is of greater importance than nature. 他们感到后天培养比天性更重要。 naive a. having or showing no experience 天真的，幼稚的a naive remark 幼稚的话a naive girl 天真的女孩 symposium n. 1.C a meeting or conference at which several speakers discuss a topic专题研讨会annual symposium年会2. C a collection of articles on a given topic专题论文集an educational symposium教育专题论文集 authentic a. 1. known to be true or genuine 真实的，真正的Is that an authentic painting from Picasso, or a modern copy? 那幅画是毕加索的真迹还是现代仿制品？2. trustworthy 可靠的，可信的authentic news 可靠的消息an authentic account by an eyewitness 一份目击者的可靠证词 proficiency n. C, U competence; skill 水平，精通Through this speech contest, students demonstrated their proficiency in English. 通过这次演讲比赛，学生们展示了他们良好的英语水平。He achieved little proficiency in literary accomplishments. 他在文学方面成就不多。 pathetic a. causing a feeling of pity or sorrow 引起怜悯的，令人悲哀的The academic standards in the school were pathetic. 这个学校的学术水平低得可怜。 tuck vt. put into a desired or convenient position; fold塞She tucked her scarf into her blouse. 她把围巾塞进罩衫内。 n. Ca flat fold of material sewn into a garment （衣服的）褶make a tuck in a dress 在衣服上打一个褶 murmur vt. make a soft