英语考研真题词汇选.doc

真 题1994.1tn.pr couple sb/sth with sb/sth: link or associate sb/sth with sb/sth 将某人/某事物与某人/某事物联系在一起 the bad light, coupled with (ie together with) the wet ground, made play very difficult.光线不足兼之地面潮湿,比赛难以进行。 the name of mozart is coupled with the city of salzburg.莫扎特的名字是与萨尔茨堡城联系在一起的。 尤用于被动语态tn, tn.pr eliminate sb (from sth): exclude sb from further stages in a competition, through defeat, etc淘汰某人 he was eliminated (from the contest) in the fourth round.他在第四轮(从比赛中)被淘汰。 permit v. (-tt-) (fml文) tn, tg, dn.n, dn.t: give permission for (sth); allow 允许,许可,容许(某事物) we do not permit smoking in the office.在我们的办公室里不准吸烟。 permit me to explain.容我解释一下。 the prisoners were permitted two hours exercise a day.允许犯人每天有两个小时户外活动。 contract n. contract (with sb) (for sth/to do sth): legally binding agreement, usu in writing合同,契约 we have a contract with the government for the supply of vehicles/to supply vehicles.我们在提供车辆方面与政府订有合同。 1994.2 1994.3(idm习语) on the horizon: about to happen; just becoming apparent; imminent 即将发生的,已露端倪的,临近的 theres trouble on the horizon.很快就会出事ring sth up: record (an amount, etc) on a cash register 将(款项等)记入现金出纳机 ring up all the items, the total, 6.99把所以款项、总额、6.99英镑的一笔钱记入现金出纳机 pass sth on (to sb): hand or give sth (to sb else), esp after receiving or using it oneself将某物传、交、给(某人)(尤指自己收到或用过后) i passed her message on to his mother.把口信带给opportunity n. c, u opportunity (for/of doing sth); opportunity (to do sth): favourable time, occasion or set of circumstances良机,机会 have no/little/not much opportunity for hearing good music没有/很少有/不大有机会听到好的音乐 i had no opportunity to discuss it with her.我没有机会和她谈这件事。occasion, opportunity, chance都表示有可能做某事的时候。 occasion指社交上从事某活动的合适时机。a wedding is an occasion for celebration.婚礼是欢庆的时刻。 ill speak to him if the occasion arises.有机会我跟他说说。 opportunity 和chance指有做某事所必需的实际环境。 i took the opportunity of visiting my aunt while i was in birmingham.我利用在伯明翰的机会探望了我的姨母。 i hope you get a chance to relax.希望你有机会松弛一下. chance 还可以指可能性的程度。what are your chances of being promoted?你晋升的可能性如何？ occasion可指某事发生的时刻. ive met her on several occasions recently.我最近见到过她好几次。 tn, tn.pr, tnt adapt sth (for sth): make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth使某事物适合于新的用途、情况等,修改某事物 this machine has been specially adapted for use underwater.这机器是为水下使用而特别改装的。 these styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好。1994.4 1994.5prospects pl: chance of success; outlook成功的机会,前景,前程 the prospects for this years wine harvest are poor.今年的葡萄酒产量前景不佳。 the job has no prospects, ie offers little possibility of promotion.这工作毫无前途(晋升的机会很小)。 there and then; then and there: at that time and place 当场立即,当时当地 i took one look at the car and offered to buy it there and then.我看了一眼那辆汽车当时就出价买了下来。shoot v. (pt, pp shot) i, ipr shoot (at sth): (in football, hockey, etc) try to kick, hit, etc the ball directly into the goal (足球、曲棍球等中)射门 shes looking fro an opportunity to shoot (at goal).她正在寻找机会射门。 go with sth: be included with or as a part of sth包括在某事物中,附属于某事物 a new car goes with the job. 获这份工作还附带一辆新汽车。 do the carpet and curtains go with (ie are they included in the price of) the house? 房价中包括地铁和窗帘吗？go with sth; go together: combine well with sth; harmonize with sth 与某事物配合良好,与某事物协调 her blouse doesnt go with her skirt/her blouse and skirt dont go (together).衬衫和裙子不协调。 i need some new shoes to go with these trousers.需要双新鞋来配这条裤子work v. (pt, pp worked) i, ipr, ip work (away) (at/on sth); work (for sb/sth); work (under sb): do work; engage in physical or mental activity做工作,从事体力劳动或脑力劳动 most people have to work in order to live, ie to earn a living.大多数人均须工作以维持生活。 ive been working (away) (at my essay) all day.我整天都在(不停地)做着(我的论文)。 the miners work (for) 38 hours per week.这些矿工每星期工作(达)38小时。 he is working on a new novel.他正在写一部新小说。 she works for an engineering company.她在一家工程技术公司工作。 ive worked under her (ie with her as my boss) for two years.我在她手下工作两年了。 this craftsman works in leather, ie makes leather goods, etc.这个手艺人是做皮货的。 follow sth through: carry out or continues sth to the end; complete sth 将某生物进行到底,完成某事物 starting projects is one thing, following them through is another.set out to do sth: begin a job, task, etc with a particular aim or goal (带着某目的)开始做某事 she set out to break the world land speed record.她决心要打破陆上速度的世界纪录。 they succeeded in what they set out to do.他们打算做的事已经做成了。adj. ignorant (of sth): knowing little or nothing; lacking education or information; unaware无知的,愚昧的,没有学识的,不知道的 hes not stupid, just ignorant.他并不蠢,只是无知罢了。 to say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse.说自己不知道规则是不能成为借口的。 n. expert (at/in/on sth/doing sth): person with special knowledge, skill or training in a particular field专家,能手 an expert on ancient greek vases古希腊花瓶专家 an expert in psychology心理学专家 adj. expert (at/in/on sth/doing sth): done with, having, or involving great knowledge or skill熟练的,老练的,需有专门知识或技术的 hes expert at/in cooking good cheap meals.他善于烹制又好吃又便宜的饭菜。 an expert rider熟练的骑手 adj. diligent (in sth/in doing sth): showing care and effort (in what one does); hard-working认真刻苦的,勤勉的,勤奋的,用功的 theyre very diligent in keeping records.他们做记录十分认真。 a diligent worker, pupil, etc勤奋的工作者、学生等 1995.1serve v. i, ipr, it, tn, tn.pr, cn.n/a不用于被动语态 serve (sb) (for/as sth) (fml文): satisfy (a need or purpose); be suitable (for)满足(需要),达到(目的),适合(于) this room can serve as/for a study.这个房间可作书房用。 this serves to show how foolish you have been.这足以说明你有多蠢。 its not exactly what i wanted but it will serve my purpose.这个根我想要的不太一样,但也算可以。c difference (between a and b); difference (in/of sth): state or way in which two people or things are not the same, or in which sb/sth has changed差别,差异,不同之处,变化,变化之处 its easy to tell the difference (ie distinguish) between butter and margarine.区别黄油和人造黄油是很容易的。 did you notice a difference (in her)? 你注意到(她)有什么变化吗？1995.3tn, tn.pr bombard sb/sth (with sth): 1、attack (a place) with bombs or shells (esp from big guns) 轰炸(某地)，炮轰(某地) enemy positions were bombarded before our infantry attacked.炮轰敌军阵地之后，我步兵开始进攻。 2、(fig比喻) attack sb with persistent questions, abuse, etc（以连珠炮式的问题、辱骂等）攻击某人 reporters bombarded the president with questions about his economic policy.新闻记者提出许多有关经济政策的问题围攻总统。encounter v. tn (fml文): meet or find oneself faced by (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc) 遇到或发现自己面临(令人不快的、危险的、困难的某事/某人) i encountered many difficulties when i first started this job.我开始做这项工作时，遇到许多困难。 confront v. tn : face (sth) defiantly对抗或面对(某事物) a solider often has to confront danger.士兵常常要身临险境。take a risk/risks: do sth that involves the possibility of failure, danger, etc 冒险做可能失败、有危险等的事 you cant get rich without taking risks.人不冒险不富。open adj. open to sth: willing to receive sth乐于接受某事物 open to conviction, ie willing to be persuaded about sth愿听取有说服力的不同意见 open to suggestions乐于听取建议take sth up: accept sth接受某事物 take up a challenge接受挑战 she took up his offer of a drink.他邀请她喝酒，她也就接受了。 face difficulties and take up challengesapproach n. c: way of dealing with a person or thing方法,手段 a new approach to language teaching语言教学的新方法method n. c : way (of doing sth)方法，办法 modern methods of teaching arithmetic现代教算术的方法 various methods of payment, eg cash, cheques, credit card各种付款办法(如现金、支票、信用卡)way n. c (usu sing通常作单数): method, style or manner of doing sth (做某事的)方法，方式，手段 what is the best way to clean this?用什么办法能把这个弄干净？ i like the way youve done your hair.我喜欢你头发的样式。 a new way of storing information储存信息的新方法 she spoke in a kindly way.她说话态度很和蔼。 curiosity n. u curiosity (about sth/to do sth): being curious; inquisitiveness好奇心，爱打听的癖性 curiosity about distant lands对于遥远国家的好奇心 her burning curiosity to know what s going on她想知道发生了何事的强烈欲望1996.1tn, tf, tt, tnt, tg, cn.n/a, dn.n intend sth (as sth): have (a particular purpose or plan) in mind; mean打算，意欲，想要 i hear they intend to marry/ intend marrying.听说他们要结婚了。 he intends you no harm, ie does not plan to harm you.他对你并无恶意。 i intended it as a joke.我不过说笑罢了。 i meant it to be an informal discussion, but it didnt turn out as i intended (it should).我本想随便商量一下，结果事与愿违。i, ipr talk (to/with sb) (about/of sth/sb): say things; speak to give information, discuss sth, etc说话，谈话 we talked (ie to each other) for almost an hour.我们谈了近一个小时。 he was talking to/with a friend.他在和朋友谈话。 what are you talking about? 你们说什么呢？ she talked of applying for another job.她谈到要另申请一份工作。manner n. sing (fml文) : way in which a thing is done or happens方式，方法 the manner in which he died他死的方式 he objected in a forceful manner.他表示坚决反对。 do it in a businesslike manner.要郑重其事做这件事。pred作表语 be ready to do sth: on the point of doing sth; about to do sth即将做某事，正要做某事 she looked ready to collapse at any minute.她看样子随时都可能垮下来。pred作表语 be ready (for sth/to do sth): in a fit state for immediate use or action; fully prepared or completed准备好 get ready for a journey准备旅行 ive got my overalls on, so im ready to start work.我已经穿上了长罩衣，准备开始工作了。 (idm习语) make ready for sth: prepare做好准备 make ready for the queens visit为女王莅临做好准备spend v. (pt, pp spent) 1、i, tn, tn.pr spend sth (on sth): give or pay out (money) for goods, services, etc用(钱),花(钱) he spends too much (money) on clothes.他在衣着上花费太大。 he spends as if he were a millionaire.他用起钱来像个百万富翁似的。 shes spent all her money.她把钱都花光了。 2、tn, tn.pr spend sth (on sth/in doing sth): use (time, etc) for a purpose花(时间等) spend a lot of time on a project / (in) explaining a plan花很多时间进行某项目/解释某方案 spend ones energy cleaning the place up用力气把那地方打扫干净 3、tn, tn.pr pass (time)度过,消磨(时间) spend a weekend in paris在巴黎过周末 how do you spend your spare time?业余时间怎么打发？ spend summer holidays by the sea在海滨过暑假ipr wish for sth/sb: have or express a desire for sth/sb (esp sth/sb that is likely to be achieved or obtained only by good fortune) 想要某事物/某人(尤指靠运气方可得者) its no use wishing for things you cant have.想要得不到的事物是徒劳的。 application n. u application (to sb) (for sth): formal request 申请,请求 keys are available on application to the principal.向校长申请就可得到钥匙。 we received 400 applications for the job.对这份工作，我们接到400人的申请。indication n. c,u indication (of sth/doing sth); indication (as to sth/that): remark, gesture, sign, etc that indicates sth表示某种意思的语言、姿势、记号等 she gave no indication of having heard us.看不出她听见我们的声音了。 can you give me some indication as to your intentions? 你究竟是什么用意，能向我透露一点吗？ there are indications that the situation may be improving.有迹象表明情况可能好转。enable v. cn.t make (sb) able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or means使(某人)能够做某事物 this pass enables me to travel half-price on trains.我用这张通行证坐火车半价1996.2dozens of (infml文): lots of许多 shes got dozens of boy-friends.她的男朋友多极了。in doubt: uncertain; undecided不肯定的，不确定的 their acceptance of the contract is still in doubt.他们是否接受那合同还说不准。reason n. c, u reason (for sth/doing sth); reason (to do sth); reason (why/that): (fact put forward as or serving as the) cause of, motive for or justification for sth原因，动机，理由 for one/some reason or other由于某种原因 have adequate/sufficient reason for doing sth有充分的/足够的理由做某事 give me your reasons for going/the reasons for your going.告诉我你去的动机。 there is/we have (good) reason to believe that he is lying.有/我们有(充分的)理由认为他说谎。 the reason why im late is that/because i missed the bus.我迟到的原因是没赶上公共汽车。 we arent going, for the simple reason that we cant afford it.我们不去，原因很简单：我们负担不起。 compete v. i, ipr, it compete (against/with sb) (in sth) (for sth): try to win sth by defeating others who are trying to do the same竞争,对抗,比赛 several companies are competing (against/ with each other) for the contract/to gain the contract.几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争extension n. u : process or action of extending; state of being extended延长,伸长,延展,伸展,提供,给予 the extension of the garden will take several weeks.扩建花园需要几个星期potential n. u potential (for sth): possibility of being developed or used潜在性,可能性 she recognized the potential for error in the method being used.意识到在所采用的方法中可能出错relationship n. relationship (between a and b); relationship (of a with b): links or contacts; dealings关系，联系,交往 a purely business relationship纯业务关系 the author had a good working relationship with his editor.该作者与编辑之间工作关系很融洽。 none other than (用以加强语气) 不是别的，正是 the new arrival was none other than the president.刚到达的不是别人，正是总统。 1996.3away adv part away (from sb/sth): to or at a distance in space or time (from sb/sth)(在空间或时间上)向或在离(某人/某事物)某距离 the sea is 2 miles away from the hotel.大海距离旅馆2knowledge n.u:understanding了解,理解a baby has no knowledge of good and evil.不解善恶(idm习语) for sbs benefit: in order to help, guide, instruct, etc sb以对某人进行帮助、指引、指导等 the warning sign was put there for the benefit of the public.那儿设立了警告牌以引起人们的警惕。 although she didnt mention me by name, i know her remarks were intended for my benefit.虽然她没有提到我的名字，但我明白她的话是为我好。 detach v. tn, tn.pr detach sth (from sth): unfasten sth from sth; disconnect sth将某物拆下，拆开某物，分开某物 detach a link from a chain从链子上拆下一个链环 a coach detached from a train从火车上脱离的一节车厢spring up: appear, develop, grow, etc quickly or suddenly迅速地或突然地出现、发展、生长等weeds springing up everywhere很快长得到处都是的杂草 new houses were springing up all over the town.全镇各处很快盖起了新房子。 doubts have begun to spring up in my mind.我突然起了疑心。relation n. u relation (between sth and sth); relation (to sth): way in which one person or thing is related to another; similarity, contrast or connection between people, things or events (人或事物与他者的)联系，关联，关系 the relation between rainfall and crop production 降雨量与作物产量之间的关系 the cost of this project bears/has/shows no relation to the results, ie it does not justify them.此项目的费用与其成果不相称。i, ipr, tn, tn.pr dictate (sth) (to sb): say or read aloud (words to be typed, written down or recorded on tape) 口授,读出(文字,作听写或录音) dictate a letter to ones secretary 向秘书口授信稿 the teacher dictated a passage to the class.老师读出一段文章让全班听写。tn, tn.pr dictate sth (to sb): state or order sth with the force of authority强行规定,指令,指定 dictate terms to a defeated enemy向战败的敌人指定条件act for/on behalf of sb: perform sbs duties, etc on his behalf; represent sb代理某人的职务，代表某人 during her illness her solicitor has been acting for her in her business affairs.在她患病期间，她的律师一直代理她的业务。render v. (fml文) cn.a: cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition使(某人/某事物)处于某种状况 your action has rendered our contract invalid.你们的这种做法导致双方的合同无效。 (idm习语) on equal terms (with sb): (meeting or speaking) as equals, with no difference in status or rank平等相处，地位相等 now that she has been promoted she is on equal terms with her ex-boss.她既然已升级，就和原先的上司平起平坐了。lack n. u, sing: absence or shortage (of sth that is needed) (所需事物的)缺乏,短缺 the project had to be abandoned for (ie because of) lack of funds.工程因资金匮乏只得放弃。 a lack of care, money, water缺乏关心，金钱，水 separation n. separation (from sb/sth): separating; state of being separate分离，分开，隔开 the separation of infectious patients from other patients传染病人与其他病人之隔离 separation from his friends made him sad.他离开了朋友，十分难过 play a positive role in sth understanding n. u, sing understanding (of sth): knowledge of the meaning, importance or cause (of sth) 对(某事物的)意思、重要性或原因的了解 i have only a limited understanding of french. 我懂的法语很有限。adj. critical (of sb/sth): looking for faults; pointing out faults找出毛病的，指出缺点的，批评的，非难的 the inquiry was critical of her work.该项调查对她的工作提出了批评。 a critical remark, report, etc批评性的议论、报道等1996.4(phr v) single sb/sth out (for sth): select sb/sth from others, eg for special attention 挑出或选出某人/某事物 which would you single out as the best? 你觉得哪一个最好？ he was singled out for punishment.把他挑出来予以处罚。be at home in sth: familiar and relaxed with sth 熟练掌握某物，驾轻就熟 is it difficult to feel at home in (ie confident when using) a foreign language? 精通一门外语难不难？relate v. relate sth to/with sth: connect (two things) in thought or meaning; associate sth with sth (在思想上或意义上)将(两事物)联系起来,将某事物与另一事物相联系 the report relates high wages to/with labour shortages.该报告把工资高与劳动力短缺联系在一起了。 it is difficult to relate cause and effect in this case.这个案件中的动机与效果很难联系起来。stimulus n. (ph -li) stimulus (to sth/to do sth): (fml文) thing that encourages or excites sb/sth to activity, greater effort, etc起鼓舞或激励作用的事物， 促进因素 the stimulus of fierce competition引起激烈竞争的事物 her words of praise were a stimulus to work harder.她赞扬的话鼓舞人工作更努力。multitude of sth/sb: extremely large number of people or things (esp of people gathered or moving about in one area) 多数，大批 vast multitudes of birdsgiven prep. : taking (sth) into account 考虑到(某事物) given the governments record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor.鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳，他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大。 given her interest in children /given that she is interested in children, i am sure teaching is the right career for her.考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书时最适合她的职业。take to sth/doing sth: begin to do sth as a habit 逐渐惯于作某事 he took to gardening in his retirement.他退休后就搞起了园艺。 shes taken to drink, ie has started to drink a lot of alcoholic drinks.她喝酒已上瘾了。think about sb/sth: take sb/sth into account; consider sb/sth考虑到某人/某事物 dont you ever think about other people?你从来就不考虑考虑别人吗？ all he ever thinks about is money.他想的只是钱。tn.pr reduce sth to sth: change sth to a more general or basic form将某事物概括或简化成某种形式 reduce a problem to two main issues把某问题归纳成两个要点genius n. (pl geniuses) sing genius for (doing) sth: exceptional natural ability for sth 对(做)某事物的天生的非凡才能 have a genius for languages, making friends, saying the wrong thing有学语言的、交朋友的、说错话的本事tf, cn.