初中英语定语从句讲解试题策略.doc

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词。 定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、 which、 whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词， 在定语从句中担当某一成份。关系代词和关系副词的作用：先行词指物时， 关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。如：China is a country which / that has a large population.The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.先行词指人时， 关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。 如：The man who is mending the machine has been retired.This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.I like the girl whose mother is an actor.注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或 who。先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。如：I didnt understand the words all that he said. 2先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .行词既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：who is the man that opened up the lab.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！He is a friend _ can help you in time of need.A. who he B. whose C. / D. who 解析：引导词在定语从句中做主语，指人。 应选D 。The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that解析：先行词前有序数词， 最高级时，引导次只能用 that. 应选D.This is the only one of these books that _worth reading.Ahas B. have C. is D. are 解析：引导词that在句中作主语，代指one ，应选C。The man _ talked to you just now is my father.A. who B. he C. which D. whose解析：引导词在句中作主语指人，应选A.They thought too much about _.A. which I had said B. what I had saidC. that I had said D. I had said解析：此题引导词作在从句中作宾语，表示说话的内容，应 选B。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、选择最佳答案填空：1Did you find the notebook _ Jim had given me for my birthday?A. who B. whom C. which D. whose2. Thats all _ I have seen and heard. A. which B. that C. where D. what3. Have you seen the man _ plan we were talking about _ yesterday ? A. who, them B. its, them C. whose,/ D. whose, them4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far. A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been5. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. that B. as C. who D. which6. The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which7. _ cleans the classroom can go home first. A. Anyone B. those whoo C. However D. The one who8. The police caught the man _ stole my handbag. A. he B. that C. whom D. which9. The girl _ is reading under the tree _ my sister. A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, was10. George Mallory was an English teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which1-5 CDCBA 6-10 BDBCAHenry was an office worker in a big city. Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays. He usually went to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding. Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting.” “This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “Ill spend a month at West Hill Farm. I think I can enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. Theyll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.” He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July, he left for West Hill Farm. But four days later, he returned home. “What was wrong with West Hill Farm?” his best friend, Ed, asked him. “Didnt you enjoy country life?” “Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.” “Oh. What?” “Well,” he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner.” “Whats wrong with that?” Ed asked. “Fresh meat is the best.” “I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.” “Lucky you!” “You dont understand,” Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.” “A different meat every day,” Ed said loudly, “ and you are complaining!” “Let me finish,” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didnt dare (敢)stay for dinner!”1.How did Henry find out about the farm?A. He saw it in a newspaper advertisement. B. His best friend told him. C. He wrote to the farmer. D. Maybe he learned it from the radio.2. Henry came back home several days later because _. A. he didnt like the country life at all B. the farmer wasnt friendly to him C. his holiday was over D. he thought he might have to eat the farmer3. “and you are complaining!”, the word “complain” means _.A.夸奖 B.解释 C.抱怨 D.故弄玄虚4.Which of the following sentences is true?A. Ed could eat a different kind of meat every day.B. Henry thought he could enjoy a change.C. Henry couldnt think of anything else to do, so he went to the farm.D. The farmer died because of the bad meat he ate.5.Which is the best title for the passage?A. What a beautiful farm! B. Have a good time. C.A short holiday D. Henry and the farmer.A farmer had a cow.A farmer had a cow. He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill, he was very worried. He telephoned the vet. “Whats the problem?” The vet asked him when he arrived. “My cows ill,” the farmer said. “I dont know whats the matter with her. Shes lying down and wont eat. Shes making a strange noise.” The vet looked over the cow. Shes certainly ill, he said, and she needs to take some very strong medicine. He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand and said, Give her these. The pills should make her better. “How should I give them to her?” the farmer asked. The vet gave him a tube (管子)and said, Put this tube in her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow. Thatll make it. The next day the vet came to the farm again. The farmer was sitting outside his house and looked more worried. “Hows your cow?” the vet asked. “No change,” the farmer said, “and Im feeling very strange myself.” “Oh?” the vet said, Why? “I did what you said,” the farmer answered. “I put the tube in the cows mouth and then put two pills down it.” “And?” the vet asked. “The cow blew first,” the farmer said.1. In the story, the vet must be _.A. the farmers friend B. a milk factoryC. a hospital for cows D. a doctor for animals2.The farmer asked the vet for help when his cow _A. couldnt lie down B. didnt eat the pills C. couldnt make any noise D. was ill3.What medicine did the vet give the farmer?A. Bottle of pills. B. A long tube. C. Two pills. D. A small box.4.The vet taught the farmer how _.A. to blow the tube B. to make the cow take the pillsC. to take the medicine D. to put the tube in his mouth5.Which of the following is true?A. The farmer ate the pills himself.B. The cow got better after taking the medicine.C. The vet came to help the farmer change the cow the next day.D. The farmer waited for the vet outside his house the next day.Ellen Parker was worried about her health. Ellen Parker was worried about her health. She could not walk very quickly and it was difficult for her to climb stairs. She was soon out of breath (气喘吁吁). “I suppose I had better go to the doctor,” she thought. She went to the doctor and told him her problem. “Im not surprised at all,” he said. “Its obvious what your problem is.” He looked her over then gave her some advice. “If you dont do what I say, Mrs. Parker,” he said, “you will have a heart attack. It could kill you.” Ellen Parker was very worried as she left the doctors. She knew that she had to take his advice but that it would not be easy and it would take time. The next day she went shopping. The first shop she went into was a butchers shop (肉铺). “Id like ten pounds of steak (牛排), please,” she said. “Certainly, madam,” the butcher replied and went into the cold room and found a large piece of steak. He brought the huge piece of meat back into the shop and put it on the scale (秤). “Thats just under ten pounds,” he said. “That big enough,” Mrs. Parker said. The butcher worked out the price. “At $ 4.99 a pound that will be $49.50, please. Would you like me to cut it up into smaller pieces for you?” “Oh, I dont want to buy the meat,” Mrs. Parker said. “If you dont want to buy it,” the butcher replied angrily, “why did you ask me to get it for you?” “My doctor told me that I am over-weight and I have to lose ten pounds. I wanted to see what ten pounds of meat looked like.”1. Why did Ellen Parker visit the doctor? A. She had had a heart attack. B. She had a problem with her health. C. She was unhappy about her weight. D. She could not sleep well.2. What did the doctor advise her to do?A. To lose weight. B. To eat more meat.C. To come and see him again. D. To look after her heart.3. Why did Ellen Parker ask for ten pounds of steak? A. She wanted to buy some for dinner. B. She wanted to lose weight.C. Her doctor had told her to eat steak. D. She wanted to see what ten pounds of meat looked like.4. What was Ellen Parkers real problem?A. She ate too much steak. B. She weighed too much.C. The doctor did not know. D. She could not walk very quickly.5. What did the doctor think might happen to Ellen?A. She might put on more weight.B. She might stop eating too much.C. She might have a heart attack. D. She might go to another doctor. Several years ago, a television reporter was talking to three of the most important people in America. One was a very rich banker, another owned one of the largest companies in the world, and the third owned many buildings in the center of New York. The reporter was talking to them about being important. “How do we know if someone is really important?” the reporter asked the banker. The banker thought for a few moments and then said, “I think anybody who is invited to the White House to meet the President of the United States is really important.” The reporter then turned to the owner of the very large company. “Do you agree with that?” she asked. The man shook his head, “No. I think the President invites a lot of people to the White House. Youd only be important if while you were visiting the President, there was a telephone call from the president of another country, and the President of the US said he was too busy to answer it.” The reporter turned to the third man. “Do you think so?” “No, I dont.” he said. “I dont think that makes the visitor important. That makes the President important.” “Then what would make the visitor important?” the reporter and the other two men asked. “Oh, I think if the visitor to the White House was talking to the President and the phone rang, and the President picked up the receiver, listened and then said, its for you.”1.This story happened in _.A. England B. America C. Japan D. Australia2.There are _ in this passage.A. two men and two women B. three men and one womanC. three women and one man D. four women3.The banker thought _.A. he was really important because he was a rich bankerB. the visitor to the White House was really importantC. the visitor who met the President of the United States in the WhiteHouse was really important.D. the reporter was really important4.The owner of the very large company thought _.A. she was really important because she owned one of the largestcompaniesB. the banker was really important. C. the owner of many buildings in the center of New York was really importantD. the visitor would be really important if while he was visiting the President, the President would not answer any telephone call5.The owner of many buildings thought _.A. he was really important because he owned many buildings in the center of New YorkB. the owner of the very large company was really importantC. the visitor was really important if he talking to the President and the President received a telephone call for the visitorD. the person who worked in the White House was really importantADCBCDDCBABADBCBBCDC一、人称代词:要注意它们在句中是在主格位置还是宾格位置，来确定用什么格，并注意变化，反身代词对主语、宾语起着强调作用，名词性物主代词起着名词作用，它后面不要再加名词了。而形容词性的物主代词要修饰名词，句中没有被修饰的名词就应该用名词性的物主代词。1. She is a student, _ name is Julia. A. its B. her C. hers D. his2. Could you help _ with _ English, please.A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I3. A friend of _ came here yesterday.A. my B. his C. him D. himself4. _ pencil-box is beautiful. But _ is more beautiful than _.A. Toms, my, he B. Toms, mine, hisC. Toms, mine, him D. Toms, my, his5. Most of _like Chinese food.A. they B. Their C. Them D. theirs6. Dont you let _ help you ? A. I and my friend B. my friend and IC. my friend and me D. my friend and I to7. How hard_ works!A. we B. him C. he D. his 8. _ have been chosen.A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I D. You,and me9. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _ .A. I B. me C. my D. mine .10. Thats not _, it is_. I made it _ .A. ours, mine, myself B. your, mine, myselfC. yours, her, myself D. yours, my, myself11. We bought _ English-Chinese dictionaries.A. us B. ours C. ourselves D. to us12. Most people think _ are winning SARS. A. ours B. ourselves C. we D. us二.名词:在名词中要注意的是名词的可数与不可数，单、复数形式及所有格问题。常用的不可数名词：milk, , meat, fruit, food, paper, weather；单复数一致：sheep, fish(做鱼肉讲时,不可数), Chinese, Japanese；本身就是复数形式：people1. There are some _ on the hill.A. sheeps B. a sheep C. sheep D. sheepes2. Mr Black often gives us _ by Email.A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information3. There are some new books in the school library. They are _ books.A. child B. childrens C. children D. childrens4. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new _ .A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers5. Meimeis handwriting is better than any other _ in his class.A. students B. students C. students D. students6. The hospital is a bit far from here. Its about _ . A. forty minutess walk B. forty minutes walk C. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes walk7. How many _ are there in your class ? A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian8. I found my black cat in_ room.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike9. How much are the _ ? A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes10. There are many _ in our school.A. woman teachers B. womans teachers C. women teachers D. womens teachers11. Three months _ a long time for me.A. is B. are C. have D. has12. There are _ and _ on the table. A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges 三.形容词和副词的级：在形容词和副词的级中要掌握比较级和最高级和同级比较的用法：比较级中的关键词是than，在最高级中in, of表示比较的范围；同级比较有asas, (not soas)；修饰比较级的词常用的有：a little, much, even, still, far等。1. I think English is as _ as math.A. important B. importanter C. more important D. most important2. Which subject do you like _ , math, Chinese or English ?A. better B. best C. well D. very much3. Beijing is one of _ cities in China.A. large B. larger C. the largest D. largest4. Lucy is _ of all.A. young B. younger C. youngest D. the youngest5. Of all the students in our class. Betty writes _ .A. very carefully B. most carefullyC. more carefully D. the most careful6. Can you do the work with _ money and _ people?A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, less D. lest, fewest7. Chinese is the language spoken by the _ number of the people in the world, but its not as _ as English.A. largest; widely spoken B. large; wide spokenC. larger; widely speaking D. largest; wide speaking8. Kate has some apples. Jim has _ apples than Kate. Meimei has _ of all.A. more, the most B. the most, more C. more, most D. many, the more9. Bob is _ of the two boys. Mary is _ of the three girls.A. tall, short B. taller, the shorterC. tallest, the shortest D. the taller, the shortest10. This one is not good, that one is _.A. more bad B. even worse C. still worst D. more badly11. Lets go by car. Its _.A. cheap a lot B. cheap much C. more cheap D. much cheaper12. He drives much _ than he did three years ago.A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully四.宾语从句：在宾语从句中要注意三个要素，连接词that, if(whether)和疑问词做连词。语序，必须是陈述句的语序。时态，主句是一般现在，从句可以是你所需要的任何时态；主句是过去时，从句也必须是相应的过去时态(一般过去，过去完成，过去进行，过去将来)，如果宾语从句是真理或永恒不变的事物，不改变时态。1. Do you know _ this time yesterday?A. who are they waiting B. who they are waiting forC. who were they waiting D. who they were waiting for2. Could you tell us _ ?A. if your father does B. what does your father do C . your father does