零起点大学英语基础教程4李桂兰整理教案.doc

Unit 1 personal QualitiesI. Teaching aims and demands1. Understand the background knowledge 2. Learn about the new words and phrases3. Grasp the main idea and structure of the text4. Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activitiesII. Teaching importance and difficulties1.Background information2.The usage of some new words and phrases3.Some sentence patterns difficult to understandIII. Teaching methodsA combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given to them in their extracurricular study. Use the multimedia device where necessary.IV. Teaching procedurea. Warming-up Activities 1.Duty Report Have a brainstorming about words to describe personal qualities2. Information related to the text 1) Cross-cultural communication The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. First, it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems. Second, it is important to assume that ones efforts will not always be successful, and adjust ones behavior appropriately. For example, one should always assume that there is a significant possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems, and be willing to be patient and forgiving, rather than hostile and aggressive, if problems develop. One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges, not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said. Active listening can sometimes be used to check this outby repeating what one thinks he or she heard, one can confirm that one understands the communication accurately. If words are used differently between languages or cultural groups, however, even active listening can overlook misunderstandings. 2) Personal qualities Personal qualities are personal characteristics of an individual. They are what make up ones personality. They help a person get along in a new situation. For example, dependability and patience are qualities that employers would like a good worker to have. Other qualities employers value are: honesty, assertiveness, flexibility, problem solving, friendliness, intelligence, leadership, enthusiasm, and a good sense of humor.Most employers want people who are dependable and who get along with others. Though skills are important, an employer will select new employees based on their personal qualities as well.b. Language points 1. Personal qualities generally have either positive or negative connotations.一般来说，一个人的品质包括两个方面：积极的和消极的。either or 要么要么neither nor 既不.也不2.Our attitudes toward such personal qualities are partly personal,partly social,and partly cultural.我们对于个人品质的态度因个人、社会、文化因素而异。attitude toward/to 对的态度partly=in part= in a way=to some extent=to some degreeE.g. Butthisforecastwas onlypartlytrue.但这个预言只是部分地实现了。Thereason whyoneisfatispartlycaused byovereating.造成肥胖的部分原因是饮食过多。Thehotweather ispartlyto blamefor thewater shortage.炎热的天气部分归因于缺水。3.Some people also feel that gender play a role,with some qualities being more positively valued by women than by men and vice versa.有些人认为性别也是一个影响因素，对于某些品质女性比男性更为看重，反之亦然。play a role 起作用=play an part in vice versa 反之亦然E.g. Youhidenothingofyourselfandcantellthe otheranythingbecauseyouknowtheyacceptyou justthewayyouareandviceversa.你丝毫也不掩饰自己，能告诉对方任何事情，因为你知道对方接受的就是你现在的这个样子，反之亦然。He likes me, and vice versa.他喜欢我,我也喜欢他。Vice versa可能是一组外来词组中的一个，这些词组在正常谈话中用得很紧凑，所以没有人会考虑它们的外国来源或者以前的意思。 Versa可以被认为与 reverse有关系，这样，不论 versa还是 -verse在 reverse中都可以追溯到拉丁文动词 vertere，“旋转” Versa实际上按照形式可以追溯到 vertere的过去分词 versus，但是按照句法可以追溯到“倒转，转换成对面”的意思。Vice是名词 vix用来表达“一个相互的关系”的绝对离格形式。整个词组的原义是“相互的关系被调换了”或者“正常的顺序反过来，反过来说。”这个词组于1601年首次记录在英语用法中。5. Such attitudes are not always static.这些态度并不总是一成不变的。系V.+adj.=系表结构。I am so _ (please) to hear that.Key: pleased解析：系表结构。系表结构有两部分构成：连系动词和表语 一 连系动词： 连系动词分为三类：be 动词，感官动词，趋势动词。 1) Be 动词：am, is, are, was, were 2) 感官动词：sound, look, taste, feel, smell 3) 趋势动词：appear, become, grow, get, turn, seem, remain 注意： 有一些动词既可以做连系动词又可以作及物动词和不及物动词。 He is growing very fast. -不及物动词 I am growing apples in my backyard.-及物动词 The sea is growing rough.-连系动词 He is tasting the food.- 及物动词 The food tastes good.- 连系动词 二 表语： 下列成分都可以做表语：名词， 形容词，副词， 动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词，表语从句 使用举例(注意：连系动词不能够单独作谓语，他们必须和表语一起工作构成谓语): 1) 名词: False： I am. Right： I am a student. 2) 形容词： False： He became. Right： He became strong. 3) 副词： False： She remained. Right： She remained there. 4) 现在分词： False： The story seemed. Right: The story seemed interesting. 5) 过去分词： False： The windows seemed. Right: The windows seemed broken. 6) 动名词： False： His job is teach English. Right: His job is teaching English. 7) 动词不定式： False： Her plan is become the winner in the game. Right: Her plan is to become the winner in the game. 6）和7）的区别： 6）中动名词表示某人经常干某事：她从星期一到星期五天天教英语； 7）中动词不定式表示某人将要干某事：她的计划是将要成为比赛的胜者。 8) 表语从句： False：The question is. Right: The question is whether he will come here in time tomorrow. Right: The question is what he is going to do next. Right: The question is how he has managed to solve the problem by himself.6.In cross-cultural terms,there are some qualities,such as generosity,that are highly regarded in many different cultures,while others,such as hatred,are seen as negative.从跨文化角度来说，一些品质，如慷慨，在不同文化中都收到赞誉，而对于其他品质，如满怀仇恨，人们则持反对态度。such as 如while conj.连词=whereas然而=during the time that当的时候=although 虽然；尽管=as long as只要c. summary 1.Main idea and structure of the text2.Key words and phrasesd. assignment 1.Review the words and phrases2. Review the lesson3.Prepare for the analysis of the text4. Preview the unit Finish the exerciseUnit 2 How Much Do you Know About the World?I. Teaching aims and demands1. Understand the background knowledge 2. Learn about the new words and phrases3. Grasp the main idea and structure of the text4. Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activitiesII. Teaching importance and difficulties1.Background information2.The usage of some new words and phrases3.Some sentence patterns difficult to understandIII. Teaching methodsA combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given to them in their extracurricular study. Use the multimedia device where necessary.IV. Teaching procedurea. Warming-up Activities 1.Duty Report Have a brainstorming about words to describe How Much Do you Know About the World?Information related to the text 1) news report A news report is usually composed of three parts, namely the title, introduction and subject. Metaphor does not only possibly exist in news introduction and main body, but also often appears in news headlines. In order to make the readers take time to glance, or attract the readers attention, English news reports in addition to select people of common concern news, often spare no effort to in the news title language and expression skill. 2) Howmuchdoyouknowabouttablemannersaroundtheworld?IntheUnitedStates,youarenotsupposedtoeatwithyourhands.InJapan,youarenotsupposedtoeatordrinkwhilewalkingdownthestreet,andyouaresupposedtomakenoisewhileeatingnoodles.Itshowsthatyoulikethefood.InKorea,eventheyoungestpersonisntsupposedtostarteatingfirst.ButinChina,youaresupposedtopickupyourbowlofrice.Dontstickyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Instead,laythemonyourdish.AndsometimestheChinesehostusetheirchopstickstoputfoodinyourbowlorplate.Thisisasignofpoliteness.b. Language points 1.According to a recent study in the United States, the generation under 35 knows less, cares less, and reads newspapers less than any another generation in the past five decades.美国最近一项研究表明，在过去的50年中，35岁以下的这一代人，比起其他任何一代人都知之甚少，关心甚少，而且读报也甚少。according to 根据2.Only 30 percent of Americans under the age of 35 said they had read a newspaper the previous day.年龄在35岁以下的美国人中仅有30%的人说他们前一天读过报。the previous day 前一天the previous year 前一年the previous month 前一个月主语： only 30 percent of Americans under the age of 35 谓语： said宾语从句： (that) they had read a newspaper the previous day从句也是个句子，也存在主谓。3.The percentage of people viewing television news programmers is down as well.收看电视新闻节目的比率也下降了。as well 也viewing television news programmers现在分词作定语修饰people后置定语4.In other words, many Americans now dont have the information they need to be good consumers, make good business decisions, vote, or understand the current issues of today.换言之，许多美国人现在没有获取他们需要得到的信息，如：如何成为好的消费者，如何做出明智的商业决策，如何投选票，活着如何理解当今时事。in other words 换句话说need to do 需要做某事make decisions 做决定current issue 期刊5.This is possibly one of the easiest and most accessible options for everyone.这对每个人可能是最轻松易行的选择。one of +最高级+名词的复数,之一形容词的最高级adj.-est / most+adj.6.But just in case television isnt possible, there is a third optionreading newspapers.可是万一不能看电视，还有第三种选择看报纸。in case 如果、万一(条件状语)； 以防(目的状语)区分： in the case of In case of In caseI decided to stay at home just in case my friends came round我决定留在家里，以防朋友们不期而至。 in case引导目的状语从句Dotellusincaseyou haveanytrouble.万一有什么困难，一定告诉我们。in case引导条件状语从句7.That is, they place the most important details or facts at the beginning of the article while the least important ones at the end.即把重要的细节和事实放在文章的开头，而次要的置于文章末尾。at the beginning of 在的开始while=whereas 而littlelessleast8.All these options are easy as well as important.所有这些选择都同样简单易行而且同等重要。as well as 也；和一样；不但而且“不但而且”A as well as B语意重点在A不在BHe can speak Spanish as well as English他不但会说英语，而且还会讲西班牙语。先译B再译A“和一样好”He speaks Spanish as well as English他说西班牙像说英语一样好。重点也在as well as前面。先译A再译B9.Ignorance is not bliss; ignorance is ignorance.无知不是福，无知就是无知。We can avoid being uninformed and ignorant by following one of the three options.我们按照这三个选择去做，就可以避免孤陋寡闻和无知。avoid doing 避免做某事by prep. 通过10.We dont want to be a nation in trouble because of our lace of knowledge.我们谁也不甘心因为知识欠缺而使我们的民族陷入困境。want to do 想要做某事nation n.国家；民族；国民because of + 短语because +句子lack of 缺乏We are happy at the good news _ Mr. Black has been awarded the Best Manager.A. that B. which C. what D. whetherKey: A解析：同位语从句。c. summary 1.Main idea and structure of the text2.Key words and phrasesd. assignment 1.Review the words and phrases2. Review the lesson3.Prepare for the analysis of the text4. Preview the unit Finish the exerciseUnit 3 AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeI. Teaching aims and demands1. Understand the background knowledge 2. Learn about the new words and phrases3. Grasp the main idea and structure of the text4. Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activitiesII. Teaching importance and difficulties1.Background information2.The usage of some new words and phrases3.Some sentence patterns difficult to understandIII. Teaching methodsA combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given to them in their extracurricular study. Use the multimedia device where necessary.IV. Teaching procedurea. Warming-up Activities 1.Duty Report Have a brainstorming about words to describe How Much Do you Know About the World?Information related to the text 1) AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused byinfectionwith thehuman immunodeficiency virus(HIV).Following initial infection, a person may not notice any symptoms or may experience a brief period ofinfluenza-like illness.Typically, this is followed by a prolonged period with no symptoms.As the infection progresses, it interferes more with theimmune system, increasing the risk of common infections liketuberculosis, as well as otheropportunistic infections, andtumorsthat rarely affect people who have working immune systems.These late symptoms of infection are referred to as AIDS.This stage is often also associated withweight loss. HIV is spread primarily byunprotected sex(includinganalandoral sex), contaminatedblood transfusions,hypodermic needles, andfrom mother to childduringpregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.Some bodily fluids, such as saliva and tears, do not transmit HIV. Methods of prevention includesafe sex,needle exchange programs,treating those who are infected, andmale circumcision.Disease in a baby can often be prevented by giving both the mother and childantiretroviral medication.There is no cure orvaccine; however, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy.Treatment is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is made.13Without treatment, the average survival time after infection is 11years. 2) The Day We Went to a Hospital to See an AIDS Sufferer Last Sunday all of our class with our class together with our head teacher went to a hospital to see an AIDS sufferer. We brought a bound of flowers and a basket of fruit m send to the patient. The female patient was very glad to see us. She told us that most of the people avoided seeing her since she was told that she carried the HIV virus. The doctor told us that the HIV virus wouldnt be infected through daily communication. People in China are often ignorant of the disease and look down upon those who suffer from AIDS. It is wrong. During our stay there, we talked with the woman bout her family and our school life. Some students sent her books and their favorite CDs. She was greatly touched and said in tears that she would be optimistic and confident of overcoming the disease. Our teacher hugged her good bye and promised we would come to see her often. On our way back to school, I was thinking that if everyone of us loves each other more and gives a hand when others are in trouble, the world will become more beautiful.b. Language points 1. Related words and phrasesWHO世界卫生组织as many as 多达patient 病人fight off 击退；抵御mental disorder 精神失常at present 目前drug 药；毒品spread v./n.传播false adj.错误的care for 照顾blood test 血液检查deal with 处理=cope with2.The World Health Organization (WHO) says/ as many as 10 million people worldwide may have the virus that causes AIDS.主语： The World Health Organization (WHO) 谓语： says宾语从句: (that) as many as 10 million people worldwide may have the virus that causes AIDS10 million 10个百万=1千万百/千/百万/十亿 hundred/thousand/million/billion百/千/百万/十亿 hundred/thousand/million/billionone thousand three thousand hundreds of 成百上千的thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 billions of 数十亿的译文：引起艾滋病的病毒that引导定语从句，修饰the virus，the virus作了定语从句的先行词。定语从句相当于一个形容词。“的” 形容词修饰名词；定语从句也修饰名词，即先行词。3.AIDS is a life-threatening sickness that attacks the bodys natural defense system against disease.艾滋病是一种威胁生命的疾病，它侵袭人体的自然免疫系统。life-threatening 威胁生命的 (复合形容词)sickness=disease=illness n.疾病that引导定语从句，修饰sickness，sickness是定语从句的先行词。4.The patient has little ability to fight off many other diseasesincluding pneumonia, cancer, blindness and mental disorders.患者几乎没有什么能力来抵御包括肺炎、癌症、失明和精神失常等众多疾病。patient 病人fight off 击退；抵御( fight on, fight over, fight back, fight down)mental disorder 精神失常5.At present, there is no cure for AIDS and no vaccine medicine to prevent it.目前，艾滋病无法医治，也无法预防疫苗。at present =now 目前6.The virus can be passed sexually or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous drugs.这种病毒传播可以通过性行为或共用静脉注射器。情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be doneby prep.通过 (by doing)drug 药；毒品7.You can not get AIDS by working or attending school with someone/who has the disease.与艾滋病患者一起工作或是学习不会感染上艾滋病。by prep.通过 (by doing)who引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone8. They include always feeling tired, unexplained weight loss and the uncontrolled expulsion of body wastes.包括长期乏力、原因不明的消瘦以及大小便失禁。feel系动词+tired形容词=系表结构9.However, that you have one or more of these conditions does not mean/you have AIDS.主语： that you have one or more of these conditions (主语从句)谓语： does not mean 宾语从句: (that) you have AIDS10.Until then, health experts say, the best immediate way to deal with the problem is through education and prevention.卫生方面的专家认为在此之前，教育和预防是解决这一问题的最佳、最直接的方法。goodbetterbestdeal with 处理=cope withc. summary 1.Main idea and structure of the text2.Key words and phrasesd. assignment 1.Review the words and phrases2. Review the lesson3.Prepare for the analysis of the text4. Preview the unit Finish the exerciseUnit4 Changing Attitudes to Lifelong EmploymentI. Teaching aims and demands1. Understand the background knowledge 2. Learn about the new words and phrases3. Grasp the main idea and structure of the text4. Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activitiesII. Teaching importance and difficulties1.Background information2.The usage of some new words and phrases3.Some sentence patterns difficult to understandIII. Teaching methodsA combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted. Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction. More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given to them in their extracurricular study. Use the multimedia devic