物流与采购英语.doc

Chapter One LogisticsChapter One LogisticsPart IDialogue Introduce My Company(Li Jian, the sales representative of Zhongji Shipping Company, is talking with Erik, a potential customer.)Mr. Li: Welcome to our company, Mr. Erik. Nice to meet you.Erik: Me too.Mr. Li: Mr. Erik, my name is Li Jian. Here is my visit card. Im willing to introduce my company.Erik: Thanks. Please go on.Mr. Li: Our business covers container transportation and its agency for import and export, door to door pickup and delivery, customs clearance, warehousing and consolidation.1Erik: I see. Mr. Li: Zhongji has become one of the market leaders in Chinas freight forwarding and logistics industry today.Erik: Uh-huh.Mr. Li: We have helped Ford to reduce logistics costs substantially.Erik: Please explain it in details.Mr. Li: Yes, of course. It was one of the best results achieved at the beginning of the 2012. 2Erik: One of the best results? In what way?Mr. Li: We improved their management by optimizing their logistics plans and logistics activities. As a result, the overall utilization of logistics resources was raised considerably. 3Erik: Its amazing.Mr. Li: You could ask any question if you had. We have a reputation for top service.Erik: I hope so.Mr. Li: If you have time, Im hoping to visit you in a few days.Erik: Well, you are welcome. Id like to hear your suggestions for the visiting.Text Definition of LogisticsThere are various definitions of logistics. In China, the terms of logistics means the physical movement of goods from the supplier point to the receiver point. Based on the practical need, logistics integrates organically a variety of the basic functional activities, including transportation, storage, loading and unloading, packaging, handling processes, distribution and information management, etc. Logistics is a part of the supply chain process including plans, implements, and controls the efficient and effective flow, storage of goods, services, and relates information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirement.4 The Council of Logistics Management has adopted this definition of logistics. What is logistics in the sense that it is understood today? There are a number of definitions of what is understood by the word logistics. In some senses, the use of the word is simple, while in others, it is more complex. The following definitions will help to understand the term. 5 1. Logistics: The procurement, maintenance, distribution, and replacement of personnel and material.6Websters Dictionary2. Logistics (business definition): A business-planning framework for the management of material, service, information and capital flows. It includes the increasingly complex information, communication and control systems required in todays business environment.7 Logistics Partners Oy, Helsinki, FI3. Logistics: The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of meeting customer requirements.8Canadian Association of Logistics Management4. Logistics: The art of maintaining control over worldwide supply chains by a combination of transport, warehousing skills, distribution management and information technology.9Benson, R. and Whitehead, T.S. Transport and logistics5. Logistics: The process of strategically managing the movement and storage of raw materials, component parts and finished goods throughout the business from suppliers to final delivery to customers. 10Christopher, M. Logistics the Strategic IssuesNew Words and Expressionsconsolidation knslidein n. 集货，配货 container kntein n. 容器；集装箱，货柜 cover kv vt. 包括；涉及 definition definin n. 定义，概念 forward f:wd v. 发送，递送，货代freight freit n. 运输，运费 integrated intireitid adj. 整体的；完全的；综合的；集成的 logistics ludistiks n. 后勤；物流optimize ptimaiz v. 优化，充分利用 optimizing ptimaizi adj. 最佳的，优化的pickup pikp n. 拾起；捡起，拿起；整理；（飞机、船舶等的）集运representative reprizenttiv n. 代表 substantially sbstnli adv. 实质上；大量地；充分地 transportation trnsptein n. 运送，运输utilization ju:tilaizein n. 利用 warehouse whaus n. 仓库，货栈，仓储door to door 挨家挨户；门到门 customs clearance 通关，清关pickup and delivery 货物交接Notes1. Our business covers container transportation and its agency for import and export, door to door pickup and delivery, customs clearance, warehousing and consolidation.我们公司业务涵盖了集装箱进出口运输和代理、通关、对交接货物以及仓储和集 配货。2. Yes, of course. It was one of the best results achieved at the beginning of the 2012.当然，这是2012年初我们取得最好业绩的项目之一。3. We improved their management by optimizing their logistics plans and logistics activities. As a result, the overall utilization of logistics resources was raised considerably.我们通过优化物流计划与物流作业活动，提高了其管理水平，使得整个物流资源的利用率得以大幅度提升。4. Logistics is a part of the supply chain process including plans, implements, and controls the efficient and effective flow, storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirement.物流是供应链活动的一部分，为满足客户需要而对库存商品、服务以及相关信息从产地到消费地的高效率、高效能地流动和储存进行的规划、实施与控制的过程。 5. What is logistics in the sense that it is understood today? There are a number of definitions of what is understood by the word logistics. In some senses, the use of the word is simple, while in others, it is more complex. The following definitions will help to understand the term.当今，什么是物流？解释有很多种，有简单的，也有复杂的，下面这几种定义可以帮助理解什么是物流。6. Logistics: The procurement, maintenance, distribution, and replacement of personnel and material. 物流就是人员和物料的采购、维护、匹配和替换。7. Logistics (business definition): A business-planning framework for the management of material, service, information and capital flows. It includes the increasingly complex information, communication and control systems required in todays business environment.物流（商业定义）是对原材料、服务、信息和资金流等进行管理的业务计划框架。在当今商业环境下，它包括日益复杂的信息、通信和控制系统。8. Logistics: The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of meeting customer requirements.物流是指为了满足客户的需求，以最低的成本和最小的库存，实现原材料、半成品以及相关信息进行由商品的原产地到商品的消费地的计划、实施和管理的全过程。9. Logistics: The art of maintaining control over worldwide supply chains by a combination of transport, warehousing skills, distribution management and information technology.物流是通过整合运输、仓储技能、配送管理及信息技术，实现对全球供应链控制的一门艺术。10. Logistics: The process of strategically managing the movement and storage of raw materials, component parts and finished goods throughout the business from suppliers to final delivery to customers. 物流是通过从供应商到最终客户交付的原材料、零部件和产成品的运输与储存，实施战略管理的过程。Exercises1. Answer the following question.（1）How many types of definition of logistics are there in practice?（2）What is the meaning of logistics in China?（3）How many basic functional activities are there in logistics? What are they?2. Discuss the following topic.Do you know any logistic companies? What do they do?3. Translate the following sentences.（1）进出口货物都需要通关。（customs clearance）（2）我们公司还做门对门的接送与递送货物业务。（pickup and delivery）（3）贵公司陷入了经济困境中。（involve in）（4）物流是货物重要的供应链。（the supply chain）（5）中国政府正在加快物流园区的建设。（logistics park）4. Supplemental Reading.History of LogisticsLogistics as term was introduced into business by Peter Druker in 1960s, but the activity of goods movement existed from very ancient time when trading appeared. In the business world this activity used to be called “physical distribution”. It only refers to delivering raw materials and final products in manufacturing industries.Logistics received recognition in military operations during World War II, and gained its momentum as it contributed to the effective distribution of machinery and supplies to troops. The U.S.A and allies have won the war through successful logistics capability. So in a military sense, the term “logistics” encompasses transport organization, army replenishments and material maintenance. And this sense has been enhanced in the 1991 Gulf War. This kind of movement is more than physical handling, but resource allocating and information management. This is learnt by business which leads to enrich the meaning of logistics in business. The developed logistics means not only “physical distribution” but also integrating information and providing quality services. Questions:A. Who introduced the term of Logistics?B. What is called about delivering raw materials in the business world?C. What is the meaning of the logistics term in the military sense?Part IIDialogue Visiting Logistics Company(Gary is from Dazhong Electric Company. Peter is from Zhongji Logistics Company. Gary is making an appointment with Peter on the phone.)Gary: Hi! This is Gary calling Zhongji Logistics Company.Peter: Good afternoon, its Zhongji Logistics Company. Can I help you?Gary: Id like to speak to Peter who is in charge of warehousing. 1Peter: This is Peter. May I ask who is calling?Gary: Great! This is Gary from Dazhong Electric Company. I have been looking forward to meet you. Do you have any appointments today?Peter: Nice to meet you! I have no appointment today.Gary: Good. Id like to meet you as soon as possible and hope you give me some introduction about your company.(Gary goes to Zhongji Logistics Company to meet Peter)Peter: I appreciate that you give me this opportunity to introduce my company. Thank you.Gary: You are welcome.Peter: Our logistics company provides different modes of transportation. And we are especially good at transport by railway, highway and airway. 2Gary: Im very impressed. However, Id like to know something about your warehouse business.Peter: Yes, of course. Let me show you around. Id like to show you my company headquarter and then the warehouse. Gary: OK, lets go.Peter: Take it easy. Where we stand by is the headquarter office. Lets go down stairs. Since the whole company is very large, well take a car to the warehouse.Gary: After you!(arriving at the warehouse)Peter: This is the warehouse.Gary: Wow, what a big space!Peter: Our company can provide customers with a variety of inventory goods, such as raw material, spare parts, semi-finished products and finished goods, etc. 3 We have special concessions on predominant goods and long-term contract.4Gary: Im interested in it. Perhaps we will have the possibility of cooperation in the future.Peter: Thats good news for us. We are looking forward to it.Text Functional Activities of Logistics System Logistics system can be made up of many different functional activities, some of which are described briefly below.（1）Demand forecasting（需求预测）Demand forecasting estimates the need for precise amount of product and service that customers will require in the future. 5The logistics system can ensure the right products or services are available to meet those requirements. It involves in forecasting how much should be ordered from its suppliers, and how much of finished products should be transported in each market.（2）Customer service（客户服务）In a broad sense, customer service is the output of the entire logistics system.6 It involves making sure that the right person receive the right product with the right quantity, at the right place, at the right time, in the right condition and at the right cost. At present, many logistics company may have a customer service department that handles complaints, special orders, damage claims, returns, billing problems, etc.（3）Procurement（采购）Procurement is the purchase of materials and services from outside to support the firms operations from production to marketing, sales and logistics. 7 It includes the selection of supply source location, timing of purchases, price determination, quality control and many other issues.（4）Transportation（运输）Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from one point to another point. 8 It includes specific activities such as selecting the transport mode, choosing the particular route, selecting the right carrier, complying with various local transportation regulations. Transportation is usually the most costly logistics activity. It may account for 40%60% of a companys total logistics cost.（5）Warehousing（仓储）Warehousing is an integral part of every logistics system. It plays an important role in providing a desired level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost. 9 It refers to decide where goods can be stored for a particular period of time. Generally, the greater the time lag between production and consumption is, the larger the warehousing place is required. （6）Inventory management（库存管理）Inventory management deals with balancing the cost of maintaining additional products on hand against the risk of not having those items when the customer wants them. 10 This task has become more complex as firms have gradually lowered inventory levels.（7）Material handling（物料搬运）Material handling is, in a broad sense, concerning all short-distance movements of raw materials, goods working in process, or finished goods within a factory or warehouse.11 As materials handling tend to add costs rather than value to logistics system, managers tend to minimize the number of handling processes whenever possible.（8）Packaging（包装）Industrial packaging focuses on protecting the product while it is being transported and stored. 12 It conveys important information to inform the customer and provides protection during storage and transport. In marketing sense, the package acts as a form of promotion and advertising. Its size, weight, color, and printed information attract customers and convey knowledge about the product.（9）Information management（信息管理）Information system could link all logistics areas together. 13 Information processing is becoming increasingly automated, complex, and rapid. 14 Efficient functioning is critical for the system.（10）Other logistics activities（其他物流活动）Other activities such as waste disposal, return goods handling, and etc. are also important. 15 Logistics managers have to consider the social costs associated with waste disposal. The handling of returned goods, often referred to as reverse distribution, is an important part of the logistics process.New Words and Expressionsacquisition kwizin n. 获得airway ewei n. 空运 appointment pintmnt n. 任命；约定 appreciate pri:ieit vt. 欣赏；感激 budget bdit n. 预算 capitalize kpitlaiz v. 变成资本，作资本用；积累资本 civilization sivilaizein n. 文明 cognizant kniznt adj. 知道的，认识的 concession knsen n. 优惠，特许权construction knstrkn n. 建设，构成 critical kritikl adj. 关键性的，决定性的，危急的 disposition dispzin n. 配置，处理distribution distribju:n n. 配送 evolve ivlv v. 演变，涉及headquarters hedkw:tz n. 总部 highway haiwei n. 公路 implement implimnt v. 履行，推进，执行impressed imprest, imprest adj. 印象深刻的；外加的；受感动的 integrate intireit v. 整合，集成maintenance meintnns n. 维持，保养manufacture mnjufkt n./v. 制造商；加工，制造means mi:nz n. 方法，手段 pipeline paiplain n. 管道；输油管professional prfenl n. 专家，专业人员，职业化provision pruvin n. 供应，提供；规定；条款 railway reilwei n. 铁路 storage strid n. 储存，仓储 volatile vltail adj. 多变的 raw material 原材料 semi-finished products 半成品 in charge of 负责，主管 predominant goods 大宗货物finished products 成品demand forecasting 需求预测inventory management 库存管理information management 信息管理Notes1. Id like to speak to Peter who is in charge of warehousing. 我想和负责仓储的皮特通话。2. Our logistics company provides different modes of transportation. And we are especially good at transport by railway, highway and airway. 我们公司提供多种不同的运输方式，我们尤其擅长铁路、公路和航空运输。3. Our company can provide customers with a variety of inventory goods, such as raw material, spare parts, semi-finished products and finished goods, etc. 我们公司可以为客户提供各种库存货物，诸如原材料、零部件、半成品和产成品等。4. We have special concessions on predominant goods and long-term contract.对于大宗货物和租期较长的合同，我们都有特别的优惠。5. Demand forecasting estimates the need for precise amount of product and service that customers will require in the future.需求预测可以精确测算客户未来的产品需求与服务需求。6. In a broad sense, customer service is the output of the entire logistics system.从广义上说，客户服务是整个物流系统的产出结果。7. Procurement is the purchase of materials and services from outside to support the firms operations from production to marketing, sales and logistics. 采购是从外部购买原材料和服务，以支撑公司从生产到营销、销售和物流等方面的运营。8. Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from one point to another point.运输是指从一个地点到另一个地点的实物移动。9. Warehousing is an integral part of every logistics system. It plays an important role in providing a desired level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost.仓储是每一个物流系统的集成部分，它在以尽可能低的总成本为客户需要提供优质服务方面起着重要的作用。10. Inventory management deals with balancing the cost of maintaining additional products on hand against the risk of not having those items when the customer wants them. 库存管理涉及持有额外产品的成本与当客户需要时没有该产品的风险二者之间的利弊权衡。11. Material handling is, in a broad sense, concerning all short-distance movements of raw materials, goods working in process, or finished goods within a factory or warehouse.从广义上说，物料搬运是所有原材料、在制品或产成品在工厂或仓库内的短距离移动。12. Industrial packaging focuses on protecting the product while it is being transported and store.工业包装侧重于在运输和储存过程中对产品的保护。13. Information system could link all logistics areas together.信息系统能把所有物流领域连接起来。14. Information processing is