化学化工相关词汇整理.doc

表1-1 中英文对照环保常用术语水质标准Water quality standards土壤污染soil pollution三废：废水、废气、废固Waste water/waste gas/solid waste硬度HardnessPH值PH value化学需氧量COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand重金属Heavy metals水污染Water pollution生化需氧量BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand大气污染air pollution总需氧量TOD: Total Oxygen Demand总有机碳TOC: Total Organic Carbon总氮TN: Total Nitrogen有机氮Organic Nitrogen氨氮ammonia nitrogen悬浮物SS：Suspended Substance溶解氧DO: Dissolved Oxygen色度Colority浊度Turbidity表2-1 中英文对照质量控制常用术语滴定titration溶液solution投诉complaintHPLChigh performance liquid chromatographyGCgas chromatography样品sampleGLPgood labrotory practice甲醇methanol乙腈acetonitril对照品reference standard试剂reagent分析analysis标定standardize稳定性stability方法method标准specification记录recordOOSout of specification偏差deviation调查investigation 表3-1 中英文对照安防部常用术语安全帽helmets洗眼器eye browser报警按钮alarm button三级教育The three-level education三不伤害three non-injury安全通道safe passage四不放过four did not miss灭火器fire extinguishers防护眼镜protective glasses安全标识security logo四懂四会understand安全第一safety First预防为主prevention消火栓fire hydrant表4-1 中英文对照物流常用术语原料raw material成品finished goods中间体intermediate合格qualified待检quarantine不合格reject库存inventory分料dispense标签label接收receive包装package发货dispatch托盘pallet净重net weight毛重gross weight皮重tare weight检验报告单COA (certificate of analysis)报关Customs declaration发票invoice装箱单packing list表5-1 中英文对照QA常用术语药品生产质量管理规范GMPgood manufacturing practice不符合规定OOS out of specification良好的记录规范GDPgood documentation practice内审Self-inspection质量保证QA quality assurance 产品召回Recall变更控制CC change control返工Reprocess年度质量回顾AQU annual quality review再加工Rework验证Validation偏差Deviation 表6-1 中英文对照生产常用术语反应reaction冷却cooling加热heating回流return分层stratification萃取extraction脱色decolorization过滤filtration结晶crystallization重结晶recrystallization洗涤washing常压蒸馏Atmospheric distillation减压蒸馏vacuum distillation精馏distillation离心centrifugal烘干drying磨粉mill包装package表7-1 中英文对照生产常用术语precipitation 沉淀distillation 蒸馏alkalinization 碱化to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用anode 阳极,正极reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解reversible 可逆的cathode 阴极,负极product 化学反应产物apparatus 设备flask 烧瓶 series 系列 filter 滤管element 元素inorganic chemistry 无机化学pipette 吸液管gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量litmus paper 石蕊试纸cation 阳离子anion 阴离子molecule 分子organic acid 有机酸gel 凝胶体symbol 复合 radical 基hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸mixture 混合alloy 合金derivative 衍生物potassium carbonate 碳酸钾bivalent 二价nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水caustic potash 苛性钾polymer 聚合物butane 丁烷ester 酯endothermic reaction 吸热反应burette 滴定管粘合剂 adhesivesucrose 蔗糖exothermic reaction 放热反应涂料 coatingstirring rod 搅拌棒compound 化合物organic chemistry 有机化学fractionation 分馏structural formula 分子式combination 合成作用表8-1 中英文对照methano甲醇seal垫片height 高度compressor 压缩toluene甲苯Ball valve 球阀length长度dimension 尺寸acetone丙酮check valve 止回阀thickness 厚度boiler 锅炉hydrochloric acid盐酸diafragnweight 重量Screwed丝口cooling tower water 循环水Bottom valve 底阀volume 容积check valve止回阀process water 工艺用水Safety valve 安全阀density 密度work shop 车间purifed water 纯化水Bypass旁通pipe 管子dispaly 数显表steam 蒸汽Sight glass 视镜tee 三通switch开关condensate 冷凝水Quick connection 快接elbows 弯头electric bridger桥架compress air 压缩空气Termometer温度计reduction大小头bolt 螺栓nitrogen 氮气Manometer压力表flange 法兰ware house 仓库drainage 排水系统On/off valve开关阀blind flange 盲板Inverter变频器sewage 污水管Level indicator液位计stainless steel 不锈钢Welding焊接fan 排风扇Impeller 搅拌器glass lined 搪玻璃electric cable 电缆线vent 放空Motor电机carbon steel碳钢box 配电柜blow down安全阀排气Food oilwood木头常用玻璃仪器英文表示adapter 接液管 广口瓶air condenser 空气冷凝管beaker 烧杯 boiling flask 烧瓶boiling flask-3-neck 三口烧瓶 burette clamp 滴定管夹burette stand 滴定架台 Busher funnel 布氏漏斗Claisen distilling head 减压蒸馏头condenser-Allihn type 球型冷凝管condenser-west tube 直型冷凝管crucible tongs 坩埚钳crucible with cover 带盖的坩埚distilling head 蒸馏头distilling tube 蒸馏管Erlenmeyer flask 锥型瓶evaporating dish (porcelain) 瓷蒸发皿filter flask(suction flask) 抽滤瓶florence flask 平底烧瓶fractionating column 分馏柱Geiser burette (stopcock) 酸氏滴定管graduated cylinder 量筒Hirsch funnel 赫氏漏斗long-stem funnel 长颈漏斗medicine dropper 滴管Mohr burette for use with pinchcock碱氏滴定管Mohr measuring pipette 量液管mortar 研钵pestle 研杵pinch clamp 弹簧节流夹plastic squeeze bottle 塑料洗瓶reducing bush 大变小转换接头rubber pipette bulb 吸耳球screw clamp 螺旋夹separatory funnel 分液漏斗stemless funnel 无颈漏斗test tube holder 试管夹test tube 试管Thiele melting point tube 提勒熔点管transfer pipette 移液管tripod 三角架volumetric flask 容量瓶watch glass 表皿wide-mouth bottle 广口瓶【分享】有机物英语单词后缀表有机物英语单词后缀表-acetal 缩醇acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛-aldechydic acid 醛酸-amarime（或-marine） 苦苷-amic acid 酰胺酸-amide 酰胺-amide acid （=amic acid） 酰胺酸-amidine 脒-amidoxime 脒肟-amidrazone 脒腙-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride -ic anhydride anil 缩苯胺-anilic acid 酰苯胺酸-anilide 酰苯胺-aniside 酰茴香醛-arsine 胂-arsinic acid 美国名指次胂酸-arsinous acid 美国名和英国名均指卑胂酸-arsinoxide 胂氧-arsonic acid 美国名和英国名均指胂酸-arsonous acid 美国名指亚胂酸-ase 酶-azide 叠氮-azine 连氮-betaine 内胺盐-biarsine 联胂bi.oyl di.oyl -bistibine 联锑bi.yl 联.-borane 硼烷-borinic acid 二取代硼酸-boronic acid 硼酸-bromohydrin 溴醇-cacodyl 卡可基-cain(e) 卡因-carbamic acid 氨甲酸-carbazinic acid 肼甲酸-carbinol 甲醇-carbodithioic acid 二硫代羧酸carbohydrazide N-酰基卡巴肼-carbohydraoxamamide 甲肟胺-carbohydroxamic acid 羧肟胺-carbonamidine 甲脒-carbonitrile 甲腈-barbonyl 羰基-carbothioic acid 羧硫代酸-carbothiolic acid 甲硫羟酸-carbothionic acid 甲硫羰酸-carboxaldehyde 甲醛-carboxamide 甲酰胺-carboxamidine 甲脒-carboxamidoxime 甲胺肟-carboximidic acid 甲亚胺酸-carboxylic acid 羧酸-carbylamine 胩-cene 并.苯-chloroarine 氯胂-chlorohydrin 氯醇-chrysine 柯因-cyanamide 氨腈-cyanhydrin 氰醇-cyanoarsin 氰胂-diarsine 联胂-diazonium 重氮-dicarboximide 二甲酰亚胺-dichloroarsine 二氯胂-diimide 联亚胺-din(e) 定；啶di.(o)yl 联酰-disulfide 二硫-dithiocarbamic acid 氨基二硫代羧酸-di.ylene 联二亚基-drin(e) 君俗名词尾-e- 裂嵌在末一音节之前，指分裂后之产物-ene 烯-ester 酯-etane 丁环-ete 丁-etene 丁亭4元无氮一烯环，中文中与-etine不分-ether 醚-etidine 丁啶-etine 丁亭4元含氮饱和环-florine 花精-follin 叶素-folin 叶素-form 仿gen 精-genin 配基-germanonic acid 基锗酸-gin 精-glycol 二醇 -hemiacetal 缩一醇-hydrazidc 酰肼-hydrazidine 肼定-hydrazine 肼-hydrazone 腙-hydrin 醇hydrogen ester 氢酯hydrosulfamine 巯胺-hydroxamamide 肟胺-hydroxamic acid 羟肟酸-hydroxylamine 胲-ic anhydride 酸酐-ic semialdehyde 醛酸-ide 酰胺-il 偶酰-imide 酰亚胺-imidic acid 亚胺酸-imine 亚胺-in 精-inium -onium -iodohydrin 碘醇-irane 丙烷-irene 丙烯-iridine 丙啶-irine 丙因-isothiourca 异硫脲-isource 异脲-ite 糖醇-itol 糖醇-ium -onium-ketal 酮缩醇-ketene 乙烯酮-ketazine 酮连氮-ketimide 酮亚胺-ketol 乙酮醇-ketone 酮-ketoxime 甲酮肟-lactam 内酰胺-lactim 内酰亚胺-lactone 内酯-lin 灵-lin(e) 灵-lysin 溶素-mercaptal 醛缩硫醇-mercaptan 硫醇-mereaptole 酮缩硫醇-methine 甲碱-methylene 亚甲基-min 明-morpholide N-酰基吗啉-naphthalide N-酰基萘胺-naphthone 酰萘-nin(e) 宁-nitramine 硝胺-nitrile 腈-nitrolic acid 硝肟酸-nitrosamine 亚硝胺-nitrosate 硝酯肟酸-nitrosolic acid 亚硝肟酸-nitrosite 亚硝酯肟酸-oic acid 酸-oin 偶姻-ol 醇-ole 脑，醚-olic acid 醇酸；脑酸；油酸；炔酸-olid(e) 交酯-olidine 烷5元含氮饱和杂环-oline 啉5元一烯杂环-onane 壬环9元饱和杂环-one 酮-ionic acid 酮酸-ionic acid 糖酸-onium 钅翁-o. one .酰.酮-or 脑-orthosiliconic acid 原硅酸-osan 聚糖-osazone 脎-ose 糖-oside 糖苷-oxide 氧化物-oxime 肟-oyl 酰-oyl halide 酰卤-ozonide 臭氧-peroxide 过氧-phene 芬-phine 粉；芬-phenetidide 酰基苯乙定-phenone 酰苯-phosphine 膦-phosphinic acid 次磷酸-phosphinous acid 卑磷酸-phosphonic acid 磷酸-phosphonous acid 亚磷酸-phyllin(e) 非灵；植素-picrin 苦碱-pin(e) 品-pinacol 频哪醇-pinacolin(e) 频哪酮-pinacolone 频哪酮-pinacone -pinacol-piperidine N-酰基哌啶-plumbonic acid 铅酸-quine 奎-rin 扔，苷-rufin 绛酚saccharic acid 糖质酸saccharinic acid 糖精酸-sapegenin 皂萆配基-saponine 皂萆苷-selenenic acid 次硒酸-seleninic acid 亚硒酸-selenol 硒醇-selenonic acid 硒酸-semiacetal 醛缩一醇semialdehyde -ic semialdehyde-semicarbazone 缩氨脲-semicarbazide 氨脲-semioxamazone 缩半萆肼-siliconic acid 硅酸-sin 僧；素-st- 甾-stannonic acid 锡酸-stibine 月弟-stibinic acid 次锑酸-stibinous acid 卑锑酸stibonic acid 锑酸-stibonium 锑-stibonous acid 亚锑酸sulfenamide 次磺酰胺-sulfenic acid 次磺酸-sulfide 硫-sulfilimine 硫亚胺-sulfinamide 亚磺酰胺-sulfinic acid 亚磺酸-sulfonamide 磺酰胺-sulfone 砜-sulfonic acid 磺酸-sulfoxide 亚砜-sultam 磺内酰胺-sultone 磺内酯-tanin 单宁-tannin 单宁-tellurinic acid 亚碲酸-telluronic acid 碲酸-thetin(e) 噻亭-thin 质thioacetal 醛缩硫醇-thiocarbazone 硫卡巴腙-thiohydroxylamine 硫胲-thioic acid 硫代酸-thioketene 乙烯硫酮-thiol 硫醇-thiolactone 硫代内酯-thiosemicarbazone 缩胺基硫脲-thiolic acid 硫羟酸-thione 硫酮-thionic acid 硫羰酸-thionothiolic acid 二硫代羧酸-thiourea 硫脲-tin 亭-toluide N-酰基甲苯胺-toxin(e) 毒-trin 醇-trisulfide 三硫-tropin 托品-ulose 酮糖-area 脲-urethan(e) 尿烷-urethylan(e) 尿基烷-uric acid 尿酸-uronic acid 糖醛酸，糖酮酸-xanthin 黄质-xanthogenic acid 黄元酸-xylide N-酰二甲苯胺-yl 基-ylene 亚基-yl halide 卤代物-ylidene 亚基-ylidyne 次基-ylium 钅翁-yne 炔organic compounds 有机化合物compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物organic chemistry 有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构chemical bond 化学键covalent bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond length 键长bond angle 键角bond energy键能polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutional isomer构造异构structural formula 结构式octet八隅体perspective 透视式eclipsed conformation重叠式构象staggered conformation交叉式构象newman projection纽曼投影式functional group 官能团chain compoud 链状化合物carbocyclic compound碳环化合物heterocyclic compound杂环化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用van der Waals forces 范德华力hydrogen bonding 氢键dipole moment偶极矩electronegativity 电负性physical property物理性质melting point熔点boiling point 沸点reaction mechanism反应机理homolysis均裂free redical自由基heterolysis异裂ionic type离子型electrophilic reagent亲电试剂electrophilic reaction亲电反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应 Actinium(Ac) 锕 Aluminium(Al) 铝 Americium(Am) 镅 Antimony(Sb) 锑 Argon(Ar) 氩 Arsenic(As) 砷 Astatine(At) 砹 Barium(Ba) 钡 Berkelium(Bk) 锫 Beryllium(Be) 铍 Bismuth(Bi) 铋 Boron(B) 硼 Bromine(Br) 溴 Cadmium(Cd) 镉 Caesium(Cs) 铯 Calcium(Ca) 钙 Californium(Cf) 锎 Carbon(C) 碳 Cerium(Ce) 铈 Chlorine(Cl) 氯 Chromium(Cr) 铬 Cobalt(Co) 钴 Copper(Cu) 铜 Curium(Cm) 锔 Dysprosium(Dy) 镝 Einsteinium(Es) 锿 Erbium(Er) 铒 Europium(Eu) 铕 Fermium(Fm) 镄 Fluorine(F) 氟 Francium(Fr) 钫 Gadolinium(Gd) 钆 Gallium(Ga) 镓 Germanium(Ge) 锗 Gold(Au) 金 Hafnium(Hf) 铪 Helium(He) 氦 Holmium(Ho) 钬 Hydrogen(H) 氢 Indium(In) 铟 Iodine(I) 碘 Iridium(Ir) 铱 Iron(Fe) 铁 Krypton(Kr) 氪 Lanthanum(La) 镧 Lawrencium(Lr) 铹 Lead(Pb) 铅 Lithium(Li) 锂 Lutetium(Lu) 镥 Magnesium(Mg) 镁 Manganese(Mn) 锰 Mendelevium(Md) 钔 Mercury(Hg) 汞 Molybdenum(Mo) 钼 Neodymium(Nd) 钕 Neon(Ne) 氖 Neptunium(Np) 镎 Nickel(Ni) 镍 Niobium(Nb) 铌 Nitrogen(N) 氮 Nobelium(No) 锘 Osmium(Os) 锇 Oxygen(O) 氧 Palladium(Pd) 钯 Phosphorus(P) 磷 Platinum(Pt) 铂 Plutonium(Pu) 钚 Polonium(Po) 钋 Potassium(K) 钾 Praseodymium(Pr) 镨 Promethium(Pm) 钷 Protactinium(Pa) 镤 Radium(Ra) 镭 Radon(Rn) 氡 Rhenium(Re) 铼 Rhodium(Rh) 铑 Rubidium(Rb) 铷 Ruthenium(Ru) 钌 Samarium(Sm) 钐 Scandium(Sc) 钪 Selenium(Se) 硒 Silicon(Si) 硅 Silver(Ag) 银 Sodium(Na) 钠 Strontium(Sr) 锶 Sulphur(S) 锍 Tantalum(Ta) 钽 Technetium(Tc) 锝 Tellurium(Te) 碲 Terbium(Tb) 铽 Thallium(Tl) 铊 Thorium(Th) 钍 Tin(Sn) 锡 Thulium(Tm) 铥 Titanium(Ti) 钛 Tungsten(W) 钨 Uranium(U) 铀 Vanadium(V) 钒 Xenon(Xe) 氙 Ytterbium(Yb) 镱 Yttrium(Y) 钇 Zinc(Zn) 锌 Zirconium(Zr) 锆 化学常用词汇汉英对照表1 氨 ammonia 氨基酸 amino acid 铵盐 ammonium salt 饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon 苯 benzene 变性 denaturation 不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon 超导材料 superconductive material 臭氧 ozone 醇 alcohol 次氯酸钾 potassium hypochlorite 醋酸钠 sodium acetate 蛋白质 protein 氮族元素 nitrogen group element 碘化钾 potassium iodide 碘化钠 sodium iodide 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 电解质 electrolyte 电离平衡 ionization equilibrium 电子云 electron cloud 淀粉 starch 淀粉碘化钾试纸 starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide 二氧化硅 silicon dioxide 二氧化硫 sulphur dioxide 二氧化锰 manganese dioxide 芳香烃 arene 放热反应 exothermic reaction 非极性分子 non-polar molecule 非极性键 non-polar bond 肥皂 soap 分馏 fractional distillation 酚 phenol 复合材料 composite 干电池 dry cell 干馏 dry distillation 甘油 glycerol 高分子化合物 polymer 共价键 covalent bond 官能团 functional group 光化学烟雾 photochemical fog 过氧化氢 hydrogen peroxide 合成材料 synthetic material 合成纤维 synthetic fiber 合成橡胶 synthetic rubber 核电荷数 nuclear charge number 核素 nuclide 化学电源 chemical power source 化学反应速率 chemical reaction rate 化学键 chemical bond 化学平衡 chemical equilibrium 还原剂 reducing agent 磺化反应 sulfonation reaction 霍尔槽 Hull Cell 极性分子 polar molecule 极性键 polar bond 加成反应 addition reaction 加聚反应 addition polymerization 甲烷 methane 碱金属 alkali metal 碱石灰 soda lime 结构式 structural formula 聚合反应 po1ymerization 可逆反应 reversible reaction 空气污染指数 air pollution index 勒夏特列原理 Le Chateliers principle 离子反应 ionic reaction 离子方程式 ionic equation 离子键 ionic bond 锂电池 lithium cell 两性氢氧化物 amphoteric hydroxide 两性氧化物 amphoteric oxide 裂化 cracking 裂解 pyrolysis 硫氰化钾 potassium thiocyanate 硫酸钠 sodium sulphide 氯化铵 ammonium chloride 氯化钡 barium chloride 氯化钾 potassium chloride 氯化铝 aluminium chloride 氯化镁 magnesium chloride 氯化氢 hydrogen chloride 氯化铁 iron (III) chloride 氯水 chlorine water 麦芽糖 maltose 煤 coal 酶 enzyme 摩尔 mole 摩尔质量 molar mass 品红 magenta或fuchsine 葡萄糖 glucose 气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas 铅蓄电池 lead storage battery 强电解质 strong electrolyte 氢氟酸 hydrogen chloride 氢氧化铝 aluminium hydroxide 取代反应 substitution reaction 醛 aldehyde 炔烃 alkyne 燃料电池 fuel cell 弱电解质 weak electrolyte 石油 Petroleum 水解反应 hydrolysis reaction 四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride 塑料 plastic 塑料的降解 plastic degradation 塑料的老化 plastic ageing 酸碱中和滴定 acid-base neutralization titration 酸雨 acid rain 羧酸 carboxylic acid 碳酸钠 sodium carbonate 碳酸氢铵 ammonium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠 sodium bicarbonate 糖类 carbohydrate 烃 hydrocarbon 烃的衍生物 derivative of hydrocarbon 烃基 hydrocarbonyl 同分异构体 isomer 同素异形体 allotrope 同位素 isotope 同系物 homo1og 涂料 coating 烷烃 alkane 物质的量 amount of substance 物质的量浓度 amount-of-substance concentration of B 烯烃 alkene 洗涤剂 detergent 纤维素 cellulose 相对分子质量 relative molecular mass 相对原子质量 relative atomic mass 消去反应 elimination reaction 硝化反应 nitratlon reaction 硝酸钡 barium nitrate 硝酸银 silver nitrate 溴的四氯化碳溶液 solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠 sodium bromide 溴水 bromine water 溴水 bromine water 盐类的水解 hydrolysis of salts 盐析 salting-out 焰色反应 flame test 氧化剂 oxidizing agent 氧化铝 aluminium oxide 氧化铁 iron (III) oxide 乙醇 ethanol 乙醛 ethana1 乙炔 ethyne 乙酸 ethanoic acid 乙酸乙酯 ethyl acetate 乙烯 ethene 银镜反应 silver mirror reaction 硬脂酸 stearic acid 油脂 oils and fats 有机化