[英语考试]2008-2012职称英语综合A真题及答案.doc

2008年职称英语（综合a）真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1withimmenserelief，lstoppedrunning asome benormous clittle dextensive 2thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata acollect bhandle canalyze dinvestigate 3jackeventuallyovertookthelasttruck ahit bpassed creached dled 4sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance apossible bprofitable ceasy dwise 5thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzle afact bmystery cstatement dgame 6thatguyisreallywitty. asmart bugly chonorable dpopular 7theworldchampionsufferedasensationaldefeat areasonable bdramatic chumiliating dhorrifying 8itseemsthatonlymaryiseligibleforthejob aprepared btrained cqualified dguided 9thispoemdepictsthebeautifulsceneryofatowninthesouth apraises bwrites cimitates ddescribes 10themeaningisstillobscure avague btransparent calien dsignificant 11dumpedwastemightcontaminatewatersupplies adestroy bdecrease cdelay dpollute 12onetheorypostulatesthattheancientfilipinoscamefromindiaandpersia aassumes bexpects cpredicts dconsiders 13itisverydifficultforachildtoadheretorules aremember bfollow cunderstand dlearn 14ihopethatididntdoanythingabsurdlastnight. aawkward bstrange cstupid dawful 15thereshouldbelawsthatprohibitsmokingaroundchildren. aforbid badvocate cinherit dwithdraw第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c。what is giobalization ?it was the antiglobalization movement that really put globalization on the mapas a word it has existed since the 1 960s，but the protests against this allegedly new process，which its opponents condemn as a way of ordering peoples lives，brought globalization out of the financial and academic worlds and into everyday current affairs()in the late 1 980s and early 1 990sthe business model called the“globalized”financial market came to be seen as an entity that could have more than just an economic impact on the parts of the world it touchedglobalization came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business，or running financial marketsit became a processfrom then on the word took on a life of its ownso how does the globalized market work? it is modern communications that make it possible；for the british service sector to deal with its customers through a call centre in india，or for a sportswear(运动服)manufacturer to design its products in europe，make them in southeast asia and sell them in north america()but this is where the antiglobalization side gets stuck in(关注)if these practices replace domestic economic life with an economy that is heavily influenced or controlled from overseasthen the creation of a globalized economic model and the process of globalization can also be seen as a surrender of power to the corporations，or a means of keeping poorer nations in their place。not everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily evil，or that globalizedcorporations are running the lives of individuals or are more powerful than nationssome say that the spread of globalization，free markets and free trade into the developing world is the best way to beat povertythe only problem is that free markets and free trade do not yet truly existglobalization can be seen as a positive，negative or even marginal processand regardless of whether it works for good or ill，globalizations exact meaning will continue to be the subject of debate among those who oppose，support or simply observe it。16.globalization is a term used only in the financial and academic worldsa right b wrong c not mentioned17. globalization can be best understood as a way of doing businessa right b wrong c not mentioned18. modern communications play an important role in globalizationa right b wrong c not mentioned19. britain has benefited quite a lot from globalizationa right b wrong c not mentioned20. the opponent believe that globalization will keep the poorer nations in povertya right b wrong c not mentioned21. the opponents think that globalization corporations have more power than nationsa right b wrong c not mentioned22. free markets and free trade will eventually prevaila right b wrong c not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。a new citizenship test1 last week a sample of the new us citizenship(公民身份)exam was released by the us citizenship and immigration services(uscls )it will be tried out in 1 0 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008instead of asking how many stripes the usflag has，as the current test does，the new one asks why there are 13 stripes。instead ofhaving to name the branches of government，an applicant is asked to explain why thereare three2 “the goal is to make it more meaningful”explains emilio gonzalez，director of theuscis。immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better“understanding and respect”for us civic(公民的)values，gonzalez says.3 the us isnt the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a“ sharedcommitment”from immigrants for their adopted countrys“values”，in recent years，inaddition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status-severaleuropean countries have adopted citizenship testsbritain introduced a new citizenshiptest last novemberin march，a new dutch law took effect requiring all wouldbeimmigrants to take a citizenship testit involved watching a video showing nude(裸体的)women bathing at beaches and gay(同性恋的)men kissing in publicthe aim was toensure that“newcomers will be comfortable with the countrys liberal social mores(风俗)”.4 europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decadesbut，today，the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they becomehostile to each otherpromoting integration has become a major concern for europeancountriesafter the rioting in muslim ghettoes(少数民族聚居区)in france and the killingof dutch public figures by religious extremists5 officials believe that a persons attachment to a country can be tested by his or herknowledge of the countryhowever，some critics say that the changes can do little to helppeopleassimilate(同化)themselves“immigration is a culture war today-is giving a newtest the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?”says ali noorani ，of themassachusetts immigrant and refugee advocacy coalition(难民辩护联盟)23 paragraph 2_24 paragraph 3_25 paragraph 4_26 paragraph 5_a. preparation for taking a citizenship testb. citizenship tests in european countiesc. importance of promoting integrationd. necessity to know the branches of governmente. different on the new citizenship testf . goal of the new citizenship test27 the quon8inthe new citizenship test are more difficult_.28 wouldbeimmigrant8totheus are expected_.29 in the dutch citizenship test all would-be immigrants are required_.30 some people fear that change in the citizenship test will do little_.a to know a lot more about the countryb to watch a videoc to helpimmignt8 accept the new cultured to marry american citizense to do low-skill jobsf to answer第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇centers of the great european citiesthe centers of the great cities of europe are meeting places by tradition-people gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the nighta mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting，metropolitan atmospheresquares，plazas(广场)and arcades(拱廊)form the heart of europes citiesvenice in italy has the piazza san marcoa beautiful square surrounded by shops，churches，restaurants and caf6sin barcelona，spain，labosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goodslondons covent garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats(杂技演员)and artists by night. the government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. in london，they serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景)to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the thamesthese vibrant(有活力的)hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian joel garreau told us news and world report recently“the reason people think venice is so great today is you dont see all the mistakes，”said garreau-“ those have all been removed”most european cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so barsrestaurants and cafes were near to，peoples homestoday，the focus of many europeanslife has moved away from the centersthey live in the suburbs and outskirts，driving to supermarkets to get their suppliesbut on a continent where people treasure convention，there are still those who hold onto traditional ways，living and shopping locallythese peopletogether with tourists，provide the city centers with the reason for existencecoffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing .this is particularly true of paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists this skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(浓咖啡)and cigarettesreligion also plays a role in developing sociable atmospherepeople in roman catholic countries used to visit the church on an almost daily basisentire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the marketscafes and bars in the surrounding streetsan enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the duomo。the huge marble cathedral in florence，italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops，and caters not only to the tourist crowds，but also the local community31. it can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in europeahas many large squaresbhas many very magnificent sky-scraperscdraws tourists in large numbers every yeardhas a center where tourists meet their spouses32. which statement is not true of covent garden?ait is crowded with peoplebit is located in londoncit is filled with stallsdit is surrounded by shops，churches，restaurants and cafes33. why do people think that venice is so great?abecause it is a famous tourist attractionbbecause you can reach anywhere by boatcbecause it is wellknown for its merchantsdbecause all the mistakes have been removed34. what are parisians famous for?atheir pursuit of independence btheir enthusiasm for conversationctheir ability to keep the city flourishingdtheir devotion to developing a multiple culture35. the writer cites the duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate thatathere is a tight link between church and societyball churches are magnificentcold churches are very populardhighrise churches are impressive第二篇 doubtful ways to reduce and increase your weightyou hear this：“no wonder you are fatall you ever do is eat”you feel sad：t “i skip my breakfast and supperi run every morning and eveningwhat else can i do?”basically you can do nothing。your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain italbert stunkard of the university of pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese(肥胖的)parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight”how can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? well，dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendousjules hirsch，a research physician at rockefeller university, did a study of eight fat people。they were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a dayafter more than 1 0 weeks，the subjects lost 45ka on averagebut after leaving the hospital，they all regained weight. the results were surprising：by metabolic(新陈代谢的)measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starvingthey had psychiatric problemsthey dreamed of food or breaking their dietthey were anxious and depressed；some were suicidalthey hid food in their roomsresearchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesntresult in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved nonobese peoplethin people，however, suffer from the opposjte ：they have to make a great effort to gain weightethan sims，of the university of vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weightin four to six months，they ate as much as they couldthey succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent。but months after the study endedthey were back to normal weight and stayed therethis does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weightit means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly baffle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight。the findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was trueeach person has a comfortable weight rangethe range might be as much as 9kgsomeone might weigh 60_69kg without too much effortbut going above or below the natural weight range is difficultthe body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks36. what determines your weight?ayour working mannerbyour eating habit。cyour life styledyour genes.37. what did jules hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study?ahe let them skip supperbhe let them skip breakfastche let them run every morning and eveningdhe gave them a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day38 .what happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?athey went madbthey killed themselvescthey were back to normal weightdthey attempted suicide.39. ethan sims made his subjectsabattle their genetic inheritancebincrease their weightcsuffer from hungerdlower their weight40. what did scientists think was true?aeach person has a fixed weight rangebeach person has a weight range of 9kgceach person wants to control his or her weightdeach person wants to eat to his or her hearts content第三篇 shaming punishmentslast month，james connolly，a junior at the university of massachusetts，stood in front of a local police station wearing a toga(长袍)as punishmenthis crime? he was charged with underage drinking，illegal possession of alcohol and excessive noise while holding a partythis shaming punishment has increased in the us in recent years，mostly imposed by local judges for lessserious crimes，such as drunk driving and theftthey believe shame is the best petty crime deterrent(威慑)for example，in tennessee，judge james mckenzie has made shoplifters(商店货物扒手)stand outside wal mart with signs that read，“i am a thief put here by order of judge mckenzie”，“alternative punishments like community service and fines dont convey moral condemnation(谴责)of the criminal，”said dan kahan ，a university of chicago law school professor ,in an article published on the universitys website“they arent shameful enough。”shaming punishments are sometimes called scarlet(红色的)letter punishmentsthe name comes from us author nathaniel hawthornes 1850 novel the scarlet letterin this novel，a woman is forced to wear a scarlet “a”on her clothes as punishment forher adultery(通奸)however, university of iowa law professor andrew hosmanek said there is an important difference between the shaming punishments of colonial america and those assigned in states like tennessee“early societies often had are acceptance ceremony to welcome the offender back into main society,”says hosmanek“contemporary punishments in america lack this”supporters of shaming punishment argue that public shaming is a good way of expressing community values。some judges say shamed offenders seldom repeat their crimesothers arent so sure。“there is little evidence to suggest that shaming punishments are successful in preventing people from committing specific crimesand a shamed criminal may face a hard battle to regain credibility in society，”said hosmanek“so，a shaming punishment may force the offender into more crimes to support himself”experts also debate shaming punishments damage to human dignity“since the point is to shame，its of course degrading(侮辱人格的)，”said linda malone，director of the human rights and national security law programme at william and mary law school“us law only prohibits punishment that iscruel and unusual一notinhuman and degradingits very difficult for a thief to prove that holding a sign in front of wal-mart is cruel and unusual.”41. james connolly was accused of all the following crimes excepta. illegally possessing alcoh01b. smuggling drugsc. drinking at an illegal aged. making too much noise at a party42. which of the following punishments does not morally condemn a criminal?aholding a sign that announces his or her crimebpublishing his or her name on a websitecapologizing for the crime in front of walmartdhaving to do useful work to help others without being paid43. in the novel the scarlet letter, a woman is accused ofa .corruptionb. briberyc. adulterydthee44. the word “suggest in paragraph10 could be best replaced bya. proposeb. indicatec. assumed. explain45. what does us law f