高中英语 直接引语和间接引语教学课件.ppt

直接引语和间接引语 directandreported indirect speech 直接引语变为间接引语要注意的几个问题 一 时态问题 一 如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时 则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态 例如 直接引语 间接引语 1 hesays iamverybusytoday 1 hesaysthatheisverybusytoday 2 hewillsay ihavewateredtheflowers 2 hewillsaythathehaswateredtheflowers 二 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态 直接引语变为间接引语时 从句谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化 规则如下 时态呼应 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时 1 直接引语表述的是客观真理 变为间接引语时 时态不变 eg 1 thegeographyteachersaid thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest specialcase 2 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效 变间接引语时 时态可不变 eg thechildrensaid welovethisgame theytoldusthattheylovethatgame 二 代词等的变化 1 hesaid thesebooksaremine 2 myfatherremindedme itistwelveo clocknow 3 marysaid ifinishedthebooklastyear yesterday threedaysago 4 hesaid iputthebookhere 5 theteachersaid iwillcomeheretomorrow 代词等一般也应作相应的变化 变化方法如下表 this these that those now today then thatday thisweek month thatweek month yesterday thedaybefore lastyear theyearbeforethepreviousyearetc threedaysago threedaysbefore nextweek month thenextday thenextweek month tomorrow here there come go lecture changedirectspeechintoindirectspeech 陈述句 statements 变为以that引导的宾语从句 陈述句序 例如 直接引语 间接引语 1 shesaid ourtrainwillarriveinfiveminutes shesaid that theirtrainwouldarriveinfiveminutes 一 toreportstatements weuseobjectclausesintroducedby that 2 psasareoftenplacedforfree thewritersaid thewriterexplainedthatpsasareoftenplacedforfree besides tell say thefollowingwordsarealsousedtoreportstatements adviseagreeexplaininsistpromisewarnremindsuggest 一般疑问句变成if whether是否 引导的宾语从句 eg 直接引语 间接引语 1 hesaid canyouswim john 1 heaskedjohnif whetherhecouldswim 2 theteacheraskedtheclass haveyouallunderstoodme 2 theteacheraskedtheclassif whethertheyhadallunderstoodher 二 toreportyes no questions weuseobjectclausesintroducedbywhether if 特殊疑问句变为由who what when why who how等疑问词引导的宾语从句 eg 直接引语 间接引语 1 georgesaid whenwillyougetbackfromlondon john 1 georgeaskedjohnwhenhewouldgetbackfromlondon howtochangethisdirectspeechintoindirectspeech iaskedher howcanthatbetrue iaskedherhowthatcanbetrue 三 toreportwh questions weuseobjectclausesintroducedbywh words 2 wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad billasked billaskedwhereihadfoundtheadsforjobsabroad 直接引语是祈使句 则间接引语变为动词不定式 即 ask tellsb not todosth eg 1 theteachersaidtotheboy openthewindow theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow 四 toreportimperativesentences 祈使句 weusethestructure reportingverb obj not to infinitive don tworry mike jensaid jenaskedmikenottoworry 2 thesalesmansaidtome readwhatsomeofoursatisfiedcustomerssay thesalesmanaskedmetoreadwhatsomeoftheirsatisfiedcustomerssaid 双宾语结构的直接与间接引语 双宾语结构中两个宾语在意义上与主体动词有特定关系 一个宾语多为人 一个为物 若人物换位 其语句形式也发生变化 加to或for 主体动词不同 其介词也不同 用to侧重指动作的方向 表示朝着 向着 对着某人 用for侧重动作的受益者 表示为了某人 替某人 1 vt 宾语 人 宾语 物 宾语 物 to 宾语 人 2 vt 宾语 人 宾语 物 宾语 物 for 宾语 人 theteachergavemesomepictures theteachergavesomepicturestome 3 vt 宾语 n that从句 4 vt 宾语 n if whether从句 5 vt 宾语 n wh 从句 themantoldthegirlthathewantedtotestherthesubject thegirlaskedusif whetherwecouldrepairthebike fathermademeapaperboat fathermadeaboatforme thechildaskedmewhyshehadtostayhere 6 vt 宾语 n wh 不定式结构 thegirlaskedmewhichtochoose 带双宾语的及物动词 如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前 必须在变换时加 to 或 for 这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话 读起来妙趣横生 效果很好 七给 一 带 to不少 买 画 制作 for来了 说明 七给 give pass lend write show send hand 和 带 bring 8个及物动词 在直接宾语前置时 必须在后面加上 to 即 vt sth to sb 如 helentsomemoneytome 巧记带双宾语的动词 buy 买 draw 画 make 制作 三个动词 在直接宾语前置时 则必须在后边加 for 构成 vt sth for sb 如 motherboughtanewdressforme 有些及物动词如tell show等 其后跟双宾语时 既可以用 及物动词 间宾 直宾 也可以用 及物动词 直宾 to 间宾 结构 但有些及物动词如explain introduce等 其后跟双宾语时 只能用 及物动词 直宾 to 间宾 结构而不能用 及物动词 间宾 直宾 结构 那么如何将这类动词与其它及物动词区别开呢 瞧 可以先记住这句话 dearmissw 亲爱的w小姐 这9个字母分别是9个符合上述用法动词的开头字母 dearmissw 巧记可跟双宾语的一组动词 你能看着dearmissw 逐个将这9个动词写出来吗 它们是declare explain announce report murmur introduce say suggestwhisper 练习 直接引语变间接引语练习题1 heasked howmuchdoyoupayforthecomputer heasked forthecomputer a didyoupayhowmuchb youpaidhowmuchc howmuchdidipayd howmuchipaid2 haveyouseenthefilm heaskedme heaskedme a hadiseenthefilmb haveiseenthefilmc ifihaveseenthefilmd whetherihadseenthefilm3 pleaseclosethewindow hesaidtome he me thewindow a saidto tocloseb toldto closingc asked toclosed saidto pleaseclose 宾语从句要用陈述句语序 一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句 tips 直接引语为祈使句 变间接引语时 主句中的动词一般换用ask 请求 tell order 命令 invite warn 警告 advise等 而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式 即ask tell order invite warn advisesb not todosth 4 hesaid mother theboyisverynaughty he verynaughty a saidhismotherthattheboywasb saidtohismotherthattheboyisc toldhismotherthattheboywasd spoketohismotherthattheboywas5 you vealreadygotwell haven tyou sheasked sheasked a ifihavealreadygotwell hadn tyoub whetherihadalreadygotwellc haveialreadygotwelld hadialreadygotwell 反意疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句 6 heaskedme withme a whatthematterisb whatthematerwasc what sthematterd whatwasthematter7 hesaid don tdothatagain he me thatagain a saidtome nottodob saidtome don tdoc toldme don tdod toldme nottodo what作主语 whenwillhegofishing doyouknow a whenwillhegofishingb whenhegofishingc whenhewillgofishingd whendoeshegofishingwhatdoesshewant idon tknowwhat a doesshewantb didshewantc shewantedd shewants c d 选择题 changethefollowingdirectspeechintoindirectspeech 1 iwanttobeabusinessman anniesaid anniesaidthat beabusinessman 2 listentomeanddon tmakesomuchnoise children saidourteacher ourteacheraskedthechildren and makesomuchnoise she wanted to to listen to him not to 3 theteachersaidtous openyourbooks theteacheraskedustoopenourbooks 4 theoldladysaidtotheboy couldyoupleasecarrythebagforme theoldladyaskedtheboyif whetherhecouldcarrythebagforher 5 shesaystotim iwillcometoseeyousoon shesaystotim that shewillcometoseehimsoon 6 misssuasked whyareyoulateforschool misssuaskedwhyiwaslateforschool marysaid iwillposttheletteronmywaytoschool 玛丽说 我会在去学校的路上寄出这封信 直接引语 marysaidthatshewouldposttheletteronherwaytoschool 玛丽说她会在去学校的路上寄出那封信 间接引语 whendidyouseeher john jackasked 约翰 你何时见到她的 杰克问 直接引语 jackaskedjohnwhenhehadseenher 杰克问约翰何时见到她的 间接引语 例如 1 mr smithsaid iamveryfrightened 史密斯先生说 我很害怕 mr smithsaidthathewasveryfrightened 史密斯先生说他很害怕 2 shesaid ireadthebookyesterday 她说 我昨天看了这部小说 shesaidthatshehadreadthebookthedaybefore 她说她前一天看了那部小说 3 shesaid ihaven tseenhimsinceapril 她说 我从四月份就没看到过他 shesaidthatshehadn tseenhimsinceapril 她说她从四月份就没看到过他 4 tomsaid ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper 汤姆说 我在晚饭前就已做完了家庭作业 tomsaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper 汤姆说他在晚饭前就已做完了家庭作业 5 tomsaid i lldoitaftersupper 汤姆说 我将在饭后做这件事 tomsaidthathewou