美国社会福利制度简介中英文对照.doc

.美国社会福利制度简介Introduction to socialwelfare systemAmerican发布于: 2007/11/04 12:58 amPublished:2007/11/0412:58am引用Quote社会福利是日常生活不可或缺的一部分，美国的社会福利制度相当全面完善。了解美国的社会福利制度，有助于您在移民后合理地利用于自己有利的福利措施，争取和保障自己应有的权益。Social welfare isan indispensable part of our daily life,Americasocial welfare system is veryperfect.To understand theAmericasocial welfare system,help youafter the migration toexploitfortheir favorablewelfare measures,strive forandprotect their ownrights.美国现行的社会福利制度是从1936年社会安全法案(Social Security Act)实行之后，逐步完善起来的。社会安全法案包含如下几类福利措施：Americacurrent social welfaresystem is from thesocial securityact of1936(SocialSecurityAct)after the introduction,gradually improve.The SocialSecurity Actcontainsthe followingbenefits:1、联邦社会保险1,thesocial insurance联邦社会保险是为就职人士设立的，在职或曾经工作过的本人及其家属都可参加，主要包括退休金 (Retirement Benefits)、抚恤金(Survivors Benefits)、伤残金(Disability Benefits)和医疗福利(Medicare Benefits)等。Federal insuranceofficeisset up for thepeople,working orhave workedfor himself and his familycan participate in,includingpension,pension(RetirementBenefits)(SurvivorsBenefits)(DisabilityBenefits),disability benefitsand health benefits(MedicareBenefits).2、失业补助金( Unemployment Compensation)2,the unemployment subsidy(UnemploymentCompensation)只要是遭辞退失业的，不管有无积蓄都可申请。一般补助期是6至9个月，按各州不同情况可能会有所延长。As long as thelaid-offunemployed,regardless of whether thesavingscan apply.Generalgrantperiod is 6 to9 months,according to thedifferent statesthat may beextended.3、公共援助金(public assistance)3,public assistance(publicassistance)专为低收入或无收入的失明者、老人、残障者及无收入的家庭而设。由州政府按各自生活条件发放，申请者将接受调查以证明有申领资格。Designed forlowincome or noincomeand blind,elderly,disabled andnoincome families.Issued by the state government according totheirliving conditions,the applicant will be investigated toprove eligibility.4、孕妇与儿童福利4,maternal andchild welfare为保护和增进孕妇及儿童的健康而设，并不分派现金，而是提供健康服务。For the protection andpromotion of maternal and child health,is notdistributable cash,but to providehealth services.社会安全法案是全国性的，为保障所有人的权益而设立。除公共援助金外，大部分福利措施是不论贫富人人皆得的。值得一提的是，社安局规定，领取社会安全金的人员不一定要住在美国境内，以方便生活在海外的退休人士。The socialsecurity actis a national,set up toprotect the interests of all.In addition to public assistance,the majority of welfaremeasures for all irrespective of whohave.It is worth mentioning that,the provisions of the social security board,to receive social security payments forpersonnel do not live in theUSAterritory,in order to facilitatethe retirees living abroad.除了社会安全法案所包括的上述福利政策之外，美国还有很多涉及生活、工作各个方面的社会福利，比较常见的有以下几类：In addition to thewelfare policy,includingthesocial security act,there are a lot oflife,USArelates toall aspects of the workof social welfare,the more common arethe following categories:一、工作保险One,job security1、失业保险金 (unemployment Insurance)1,unemployment insurance(unemploymentInsurance)失业保险金是一种保险制度。每月从受保人工资中扣除部分来投保，受保人一旦失业即可获赔，获赔金额一般是原工资的一半。Unemployment insuranceis aninsurance system.Monthlywagesfrom theinsuredtothe insured,once the insured unemployment can be compensated,the amount awardedishalf of the originalsalary.2、工人赔偿金( Workers Compensation Program)2,workers compensation(WorkersCompensationProgram)由雇主向州政府或保险公司投保，工人因工受伤即可申领。具体赔偿金额和时期由雇主所交的保费多少而定，同时也能报销一定的医疗费用。工人赔偿金非美籍人士亦可申请，且不会影响他日转换身份或入籍。By the employerto the state governmentorinsurance companies,workerscan applyfor work-related injuries.The specific amount of compensationandpaythepremiumby the employerduring the period ofthe number,but alsothemedical expensereimbursement.Workers compensationnon Americanscan also apply,and will not affect thefutureconversionstatus orcitizenship.3、州立伤残保险金 （State Disability Insurance）3,state disability insurance(StateDisabilityInsurance)全美只有加州、纽约州、新泽西州、夏威夷和波多黎各设有此类保险金，专为因短期疾病暂不能工作的人员而设。换言之，受保人在得病期间必须是受雇的，复原后重新开始工作，保险金就停止赔付。Theonly California,New York,New Jersey,Hawaii and Puerto Rico have such insurance,designed forshort-term illness temporarily unable to work dueto thestaff.In other words,the insuredin thesickmust beemployed,and begin again the work ofrestoration,stoplossinsurance.二、生活补助 (Public Service for Low Income Persons)Two,living allowance(PublicServiceforLowIncomePersons)1、粮食券( Food Stamp)1,foodcoupons(FoodStamp)美国联邦农业部拨款给州政府发放粮食券，只可换取美国出产的农作物，不能换取金钱，以救济收入低微的家庭。不过该补助只限美国公民。Ministry of agriculture,the federalfundingfor the state governmentUSAissuedfood stamps,onlyin exchange forAmericanproduce,notfor money,to the relief oflow incomefamilies.But the benefit is limited to American citizens.2、学校提供的廉价或免费膳食(School Lunch Program)2,the schoolprovides a cheapor freediet(SchoolLunchProgram)这是政府为保证学童的身体健康而设立的全国性营养膳食计划。非美籍人士也可受益。This isthe governmentset up toensure the health of school childrensnutrition diet plan.Non American people can also benefit.3、家居能源补助计划(Home Energy Assistance Program)3,Home FurnishingEnergy Assistance Program(HomeEnergyAssistanceProgram)专为低收入家庭减轻煤电费用而设，非美籍人士也能享受。能源补助除帮助支付煤电费外，还可代为修理暖炉、煤气管等相关暖气设备。Designed for lowincome familiesto reducethe cost ofacoal,non Americanscan enjoy.Energy subsidiesin addition tohelp pay theelectricityfees,but alsotorepairthe stove,gas pipes and other related heating equipment.4、廉价公共房屋(Public Low Income Housing)4,cheappublic housing(PublicLowIncomeHousing)这项福利有公共房屋、津贴房屋、租金津贴和廉价屋四种形式，申请人必须年满62岁或收入低微，其中一些房屋补助要求同时满足这两个条件。The welfare of public housing,subsidized housing,rent subsidies and affordable housingin four forms,the applicantmust be 62 years of age orlow income,somehousing subsidyrequired to meet these two conditions simultaneously.三、.医疗补助Three,Medicaid.1、医药补助(Medicaid)1,medicalassistance(Medicaid)不同于医疗保险，医药补助是一个保健计划，专为收入低微的家庭设立，可以同时享受医疗保险，但只限于美国公民。Different from themedical insurance,medical benefits,is ahealth care plan,designed forlow incomefamiliesto set up,you can also enjoymedical insurance,but onlyUSAcitizens.2、家中照顾计划(In Home Support Service)2,homecare program(InHomeSupportService)由联邦、州和县政府联合负担，为65岁以上老人、失明者或残障人士提供家务和非医务性的照顾，使得受益人能在家安全地生活，无须住进养老院或公共医疗机构。The UnitedStatesand thefederalgovernment,the burden ofhousework,provideandnon-medicalcareforthe elderly over the age of 65,the blindandthe disabled,thebeneficiarycan live safelyin thehome,do notlive in nursing homesor publicmedical institutions.一个国家的福利制度是个相当庞大而复杂的系统，三言两语很难叙述周到。本文只是给予读者一个了解美国社会福利的平台，能使您在做移民或留学美国的决策时有一个参考，仅此而已。A countryswelfare s