高考英语二轮专题复习与测试 第二篇 阅读 第一章 第二节 意义猜测题的解题技巧课件.ppt

第二篇阅读第二节意义猜测题的解题技巧 根据语境猜测生词或短语的意思 或者推断熟词生义 是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能 因此 意义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型 这类题包括猜测单词 短语 句子的意思和判断指代内容 题干中通常含有mean referto或者bereplacedby等 1 theword abc inthepassageprobablymeans 2 theunderlinedword abc inthepassagerefersto means 3 whichofthefollowingisclosest nearestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph 4 theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans 5 theword it them inthefirstparagraphrefersto 一 常见的设问形式 1 根据近义词关系推测 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词 以便使它的文字意思更清楚 我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思 一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组 二要看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词 近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中 如 atthebeginningtheydidnothaveenoughcapitaltostartabusiness norweretheyabletoborrowtheamountofmoneytheyneededfromthebank 二 解题技巧 根据nor结构后的money bank可以推测capital在这里不是指 首都 而是指 资金 2 根据反义词关系推测 作者常常通过使用反义词来使文章更具表现力 我们可以利用反义词作为线索去推测句中出现的生词的意思 一看表转折关系的连词或副词 如but while however等 二看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语 如 1 heissohomely notatallashandsomeashisbrother 根据notatall handsome我们不难推测出homely即 不英俊的 不漂亮的 意思 2 metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled 从句子结构看 expand与contract相对应 whenheated与whencooled相对应 因为 加热 与 使冷却 是相反的动作 那么contract就应是 收缩 的意思 3 根据同位或解释关系推测 当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时 他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点 我们可以通过生词后的定语 定语从句或分词短语等 表语 同位语 逗号 括号 破折号等的解释说明来推测生词的意思 常见的用来表示同位或解释关系的词或短语有 is means or thatis thatistosay inotherwords toputitanotherway becalled is areknownas 被称为 canbedefinedas等 如 1 butsometimes norainfallsforalong longtime thenthereisadryperiod ordrought 由or可知adryperiod和drought是同义语 故drought的意思为 久旱 旱灾 2 itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily 从后面的 thatis itwillbreakeasily 可知brittle是 脆的 的意思 4 根据转折或对比关系推测 由上下句之间的表示转折或对比关系的连词或副词 如but however等来推断 如 sheisusuallypromptforallherclass buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass 由but后面 第一节课上了一半才来 反向推理 可得出她平时一向 准时 的结论 5 根据因果关系推测 通过因果关系猜词 首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系 然后才能猜词 既可由因推果 也可由果推因 有时文章借助关联词 如because as since for so thus asaresult ofcourse therefore等表示因果关系 如 1 youshouldn thaveblamedhimforthat foritwasn thisfault 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因 那不是他的错 可猜出blame的词义是 责备 2 thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain 从so后面的结果 永远不能再运动 中 可以推测permanent的意思为 永远的 永久的 6 根据列举的实例推测 根据suchas forexample等后列举的实例可推测出前面某个词语的意思 如 carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt headlights andgoodbrakes 根据suchas后面列举的内容可知devices应该为 装置 的意思 7 根据并列同类关系推测 一般来说 并列的几个事物应属同类事物 由此可推测其中一个的大概意思 如 bananas oranges pineapples coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas 从句子中不难看出pineapples coconuts和bananas oranges是同类关系 同属fruit类 因此它们是两样水果 准确地说 是 菠萝 和 椰子 8 根据描述推测 描述即作者为帮助读者更深入感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写 如 thepenguinisakindofseabirdlivinginthesouthpole itisfatandwalksinafunnyway althoughitcannotfly itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish 从描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类 后面更详尽的描述则让我们推测出它其实是 企鹅 例1candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess accordingtothestudy ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung lessthan6monthsforcats ayearfordogs itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly two thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog 三 典例精析 theunderlinedword swimmingly inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto a earlyb sweetlyc quicklyd smoothly 意义猜测题 第一句提出问题 猫狗能否同屋和谐相处 第二句讲人们 担心猫狗打架 第三句说最新的研究发现成功解决猫狗打架的 新秘方 anewrecipeofsuccess 接下来就应是 秘方 了 swimmingly所在句便是讲发现的 秘方 本句前面是条件 有了这些条件 即 秘方 两者就会 相处好 了 再由本句后面一句中的 apositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog 可以进一步确定猫狗 相处得好 故选d d 例2 haveaniceday next thisversionoftheexpressionisspokenbyasalesgirlatthesupermarketwhoisrushingmeandmygroceriesoutthedoor thewordscomeoutinthesametone 腔调 withafixedprocedure they are spoken at me not to me obviously theconcernformydayandeveryoneelse sisthemanagement sattempttoincreasebusiness whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceintheparagraphmean a thesalesgirlisrude b thesalesgirlisbored c thesalesgirlcaresaboutme d thesalesgirlsaysthewordsasaroutine 意义猜测题 由该段最后一句 obviously theconcernformydayandeveryoneelse sisthemanagement sattempttoincreasebusiness 可知 此题也可以通过分析其他三个选项得出答案 a b c三个选项文中均未提及 属于无中生有 d 例3well atlastwehavecopper bottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding theresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5 7 11and14 thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock bytheageof8 theiriq 智商 scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable thisresearchcomesfromoxfordandessexuniversityusingasample 样本 of10 419childrenbornintheearly1990s takingaccountof parentaleducation familyincome achild ssexandage themother shealthandfeedingstyle theseresultsdon tsurpriseme feedingaccordingtoschedulerunstheriskofharmingtherapidlygrowingbrainbytakingnoaccountofsinkingbloodsugarlevels ihopethisresearchwillputanendtoadvocatingstrictlytimedbabyfeedingpractices theword copper bottomed inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto a basicb reliablec surprisingd interesting 意义猜测题 由试验结果的具体描述可知选b 解答本题 也可代入四个选项的意思 a为 基本的 b为 可靠的 c为 令人惊讶的 d为 有趣的 只有b最适合 b 例4usingawebcameraequippedinjennifer slosangelesapartment themonitorinphoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom herinternetaccesswaslockedremotelytopreventinternetsearches andhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesureshewaswhoshesaidshewas didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast orwassheslowingdown inthebattleagainstcheating thisisthecutting edgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation theunderlinedexpression cuttingedge inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto a advancedtechniqueb sharpeningtoolc effectiveruled dividingline 意义猜测题 由第一段的具体描述来看 这是防止作弊的先进技术 选a 其他选项 磨锐刀具 有效的规则 和 分界线 都不合语境 a 例5hereliestheproblemfortravelwriterandfoodcritic 评论家 ediejarolim ialwayslovedtravelingandalwayslikedtoeat butitneveroccurredtomethaticouldmakemoneydoing bothofthosethings theunderlinedword both refersto a travelingandworkingb writingandshoppingc travelingandeatingd writingandeating 意义猜测题 判断both指代的内容 由前一分句 ialwayslovedtravelingandalwayslikedtoeat 可知 c 例6however tosucceedinlife onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical and inadditiontothat inordertogenerallygoodatsomething oneneedstospendatleast10 000hoursstudyingandpracticing tobecomegreatatcertainthings it llrequireevenmoretime timethatmostpeoplewon tputin theunderlinedword that refersto a beinggoodatsomethingb settingapracticalgoalc puttinginmoretimed succeedinginlife 意义猜测题 判断代词that指代的内容 代词是意义衔接的手段之一 此处的代词that替代前句中的 setagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical 故选b b 一 阅读下列文段 从题后所给的a b c和d项中选出最佳选项 1 westudiedtheboardcritically someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjured upourdesigns otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought wehadplansforthatten dollargrandprize eachandeveryoneofus 即学即练 i mgoingtospendmineoncandies onehopefulwouldannounce whileanotherpracticedlookingserious wiseandrich theunderlinedphraseprobablymeans a formedanideaforb madeanoutlineforc madesomespaceford chosesomecolorsfor 意义猜测题 根据对比关系和近义推测 上下句是some others 句式 whileweconjuredupourdesigns 的对应部分是 whiledeepinthought 可见conjuredup的意思是 思考 想象 故选a a 2 parentsandkidstodaydressalike listentothesamemusic andarefriends sometimes whenmr ballmerandhis16 year olddaughter elizabeth listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutinterestsbothenjoy suchaspopculture heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom hey thenewweezeralbum 威瑟乐团的专辑 isreallygreat howdoyoulikeit saysballmer therewasjustacompletegapintaste musicwasnottheonlygulf fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits today thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies theunderlinedword gulf inparagraph3mostprobablymeans a interestb distancec differenced separation 意义猜测题 因 musicwasnottheonlygulf 与上段末句是递进关系 可见gulf与gap是近义关系 这里是回忆过去与现在 文章首段 的对比 可见这里的gulf与文章首段首句中的alike和same是反义关系 因此 gulf的意思是 差异 difference c 3 familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay 有发言权 myparentswereonthe before sideofthatchange buttoday s parents the 40 year olds were on the after side explainsmr ballmer bysaying today sparents the40 year olds wereonthe after side mr ballmermeansthattoday sparents a followthetrendofthechangeb cansetalimittothechangec failtotakethechangeseriouslyd havelittledifficultyadjustingtothechange 意义猜测题 结合上一段可知 today sparents就是60年代后的父母 他们与孩子有更多的交流 更加民主 他们应当是 顺应这种变化趋势 的 故选a a 4 mymostvividmemoryisbeingwokenandbroughtdowntositonmyfather sknee hisarminabandage hewasjudgedunfittoreturntoseaandtookashorejobinglasgowfortherestofthewar foraslongasicanremember hehadaweakheart mothersaiditwascausedbythetorpedoes hesaid it wasbecauseofthecigarettes whichever hediedsuddenlyinhisearly50s theunderlinedword it referstothefather s a weakheartb takingashorejobc failuretoreturntosead injurycausedbyatorpedo 意义猜测题 判断代词it指代的内容 由本段中的 hehadaweakheart 可知 it指weakheart a 5 theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13westerncaucasianand13eastasianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefaces itturnedoutthateasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidwesterners theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressions jacksaid ourdatasuggestthatwhereaswesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless whatdoestheunderlinedword they referto a theparticipantsinthestudy b theresearchersofthestudy c theerrorsmadeduringthestudy d thedatacollectedfromthestudy 意义猜测题 判断they指代的内容 前一段说到研究人员选取了13个西方白种人和13个东方亚洲人 通过观察他们的眼部运动来研究文化差异 此处 thattheyshow 是修饰 eyemovement 的定语从句 意为 他们表现出来的眼部运动 这个 他们 自然就是指在这项研究中参加测试的那26个人 故选a a 二 阅读下列短文 从题后所给的a b c和d项中选出最佳选项 forfivedays edmonton sdowntownparkischangedintoonehugestagewhereartistsareabletosharetheirtalents andwherepeopleareabletocelebrateandenjoythemselves sinceitsbeginningin1980 theedmontonfolkmusicfestivalhasbeencommemoratingthetruefeelingofwhatfolkmusicisallaboutandthat sthetraditionalbelongingnessthatisfeltwhenpeoplegathertosharestoriesandfeelingsthroughsongs thisyearwillbethesixthyearwhenvolunteerriedelwillbeofferinguphertimetothefestival peoplecoming offabusyspringandsummercanhaveamomentofrelaxation riedelsaid it sreallyeasytorelax andit sgreatseeingfamilyandfriendshavefuntogether thesefamiliesandfriendscomefromalldifferentkindsofmusicaltastes peoplewhotakepleasureinbluesarethere soarepeoplewholovebluegrass thisfestivaldoesitsbesttodevelopeveryone smusicalinterests withsomanyyearsofexperience the fe