高考英语二轮专题复习与测试 第二篇 阅读 第一章 第一节 事实细节题的解题技巧课件.ppt

第二篇阅读第一节事实细节题的解题技巧 1 whichofthefollowingisnotincluded mentionedinthepassage 2 whichofthefollowing sentences statements isnottrueaccordingtothepassage 3 accordingtothepassage allofthefollowingaretrueexcept but 4 theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept 一 常见的设问形式 5 inthepassage theauthorstatesthat 6 accordingtothepassage when where why how who etc 1 描写类细节题 2 数据计算题 3 排序题 4 信息寻找 广告阅读题 5 图文转换题 6 表格理解题 二 常见题型 1 语意转换 细节理解题设题时为了避免出现原文中所用的词汇 常常使用一些同义词 近义词或反义词 双重否定 因而在解题时要注意语意转换 2 设题顺序 一般来说 题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致 如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前 三 设题方式 3 设题干扰项 1 正误并存 部分正确 部分错误 2 扩大或缩小范围 是原文信息 但不是题干要求 3 偷换概念 符合常识 但不是文章的内容 4 以偏概全 与原句的内容极其相似 但在程度 态度 褒贬色彩上有变动 5 无中生有 明显不是文章的信息 与文章事实不符或相反 1 迅速定位 缩小范围 通过寻读法 scanning 用题干中的关键词在文中搜索 迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置 缩小阅读范围 2 理解其意 对照选项 在找到关键词句后 要仔细阅读 准确理解 对照选项 看哪个选项的意思与之最接近 3 排除干扰 选出答案 在作出选择的过程中 要善于辨别真伪 排除干扰 不断缩小范围 选出正确答案 四 解题步骤 注意 解题时要留意否定词 如果题干中含有否定意义的词 如not except等 应特别留心 在解答排序题时 可采用 首尾定位法 即先找到第一个动作和最后一个动作 缩小范围以便能迅速选出正确答案 例1tuitionfees 学费 tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment generallyfrom 5 000to 6 000ayear forfurtherinformation tui waikato ac nz accommodation 住宿 youcanhavearoomina4 bedroomflat whichwillcostabout 100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout 150amonthforoneperson forfurtherinformation acc waikato ac nz 五 典例精析 youhavetopayatleast ayearifyoustudyattheuniversityofwaikato a 5 250b 8 000c 9 000d 11 000 数据计算题 本篇是介绍waikato大学的广告 从 tuitionfees 学费 tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment generallyfrom 5 000to 6 000ayear 和 accommodation 住宿 you b canhavearoomina4 bedroomflat whichwillcostabout 100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout 150amonthforoneperson 可知 在那儿学习一年的费用是 5 000 学费 100 住宿费 12 months 150 生活费 12 months 8 000 例2peoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists onceatthestore ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem 系统 thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestore ifyou relookingfortoothpicks youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem thedevicesalsokeepsarecordofwhatyoubuy whenyou vefinished thedevicefiguresoutyourbill thenyougotothecheckerorplaceyourcardintoaself checkoutstandandpay whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcard a startthesystem b makeashoppinglist c findthethingsyouwant d gotoaself checkoutstand a abdcb bacdc acbdd bcad b 排序题 由第一段第一句话可知第一件事是makeashoppinglist 去到商店后 startthesystem 根据指引 youcanfindthem 最后去结账 故顺序为bacd 本题也可采用排除法 c和d是相邻且为先后的顺序 故排除a c d 本题还可结合自己的购物常识进行快速判断 例3intheanimalkingdom weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso butihavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme pourcreamintomycoffee orhelpmetoputonmycoat andihavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy frommywheelchairexperience iseethebestinpeople butsometimesifeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessiseedaily theydon tgettoseethissoftsideofothers often wetryeverypossiblewaytoavoidshowingourweakness whichincludesalotofpretending butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat sinthem 1 theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen a theyoffertheirhelpb theyreceiveothers helpc theyfeelothers kindnessd theyshowtheirweakness 事实细节题 由第一段最后一句可知 关键是理清该句中的it 它指的是前文中的 thekindnessinpeople 其具体行为是 peopleholddoorsforme pourcreamintomycoffee orhelpmetoputonmycoat 人们的这些行为概括起来 就是theyoffertheirhelp 故选a 文中信息与选项表述的关系是具体与概括的关系 a 2 theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause a hehasasoftheartb hereliesmuchonothersc somepeoplepretendtobekindd somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers 事实细节题 由第二段第一句but后的内容可知 d选项中用somepeople代替了文中 thosewhoappearindependent 用failtosee代替了文中的miss d 3 whatdoestheunderlinedword it referto a animalkingdom b weakness c aggressivebehavior d kindness 意义猜测 it指代前面的thekindnessinpeople d 例4inaworldwithlimitedland waterandothernaturalresources 资源 theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise actually thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandtheglobebecomingincreasinglywarm peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable 可持续的 ways thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts inotherwords weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources thetraditionalbusinessmodelisharmfulbecauseofallthefollowingexceptthat a itmakestheworldwarmerb itconsumesnaturalresourcesc itbringsseveredamagetoforestsd itmakesgrowthhardtocontinue 事实细节解 根据 thepastdecadeshasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandtheglobebecomingincreasinglywarm 可知 传统经济发展模式的危害是使全球气候变暖 不能持续发展 给未来发展造成损失 b不选 过度使用自然资源才是有害的 b 阅读下列文段 从题后所给的a b c 和d项中选出最佳选项 一 mothers doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy sbloodsugarlevellies allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed inthisstate thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth 即学即练 accordingtotheparagraph onereasonwhyababycriesisthatitfeels a sickb upsetc sleepyd hungry 事实细节题 由该段最后一句 thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth 可知 hungry是searchingforfood的近义替换 d 二 whenfridakahlo spaintingswereonshowinlondon apoetdescribedherpaintingsas aribbon 丝带 aroundabomb suchcommentsseemtosuggestkahlohadabiginfluenceontheartworldofhertime sadly sheisactuallyamuchbiggernametodaythanshewasduringhertime bornin1907inavillagenearmexicocity kahlosufferedfrompolio 小儿麻痹症 attheageofseven herspine 脊柱 becamebentasshegrewolder then in1925 herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinaschool busaccident throughouttherestofherlife theartisthadmanyoperations butnothingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback however theaccidenthadanunexpectedsideeffect whilelyinginherbedrecovering kahlotaughtherselftopaint in1929 shegotmarriedtodiegorivera anotherfamousmexicanartist rivera sstronginfluenceonkahlo sstylecanbeseeninherearlyworks butherlaterworksfromthe1940s knowntodayasherbestworks showlessinfluencefromherhusband unfortunately herworksdidnotattractmuchattentioninthe1930sand1940s eveninherhomecountry herfirstone womanshowinmexicowasnothelduntil1953 formorethanadecadeafterherdeathin1954 kahlo sworksremainedlargelyunnoticedbytheworld butinthe1970sherworksbegantogaininternationalfameatlast 1 theterriblepainkahlosufferedwascausedby a poliob herbentspinec backinjuriesd theoperationshehad 事实细节题 根据第二段 herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinashool busaccident butnothingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback 可知选c c 2 kahlo sstylehadbecomeincreasinglyindependentsincethe a 1930sb 1940sc 1950sd 1970s 事实细节题 根据第三段 butherlaterworksfromthe1940s knowntodayasherbestworks showlessinfluencefromherhusband 可知选b b 三 thevalue packed all inclusivesight seeingpackagethatcombinesthebestofsydney sharbour city bayandbeachhighlights asydneypassgivesyouunlimitedandflexibletravelontheexplorerbuses the red sydneyexplorershowsyouaroundourexcitingcitysightswhilethe blue bondiexplorervisitssydneyharbourbaysandfamousbeaches taketothewaterononeofthreemagnificentdaily harbourcruises 游船 youcanalsotravelfreeonregularsydneybuses sydneyferriesorcityrailservices limitedarea soyoucangotoeverycornerofthisbeautifulcity imaginebrowsingatdarlingharbour samplingthefamousseafoodatwatsonsbayorenjoyingthecitylightsonaneveningferrycruise thepossibilitiesandplansareendlesswithasydneypass whereveryoudecidetogo rememberthatbookingsarenotrequiredonanyofourservicessoticketsaretreatedonafirstin firstseatedbasis sydneypassesareavailablefor3 5or7daysforuseovera7calendardayperiod witha3or5daypassyouchooseonwhichdaysoutofthe7youwanttouseit allsydneypassesincludeafreeairportexpressinwardtripbeforestartingyour3 5or7days andthereturntripisvalid 有效的 for2monthsfromthefirstdayyourticketwasused sydneypassfares achildisdefinedasanyonefromtheagesof4yearstounder16years childrenunder4yearstravelfree afamilyisdefinedas2adultsandanynumberofchildrenfrom4tounder16yearsofagefromthesamefamily 1 asydneypassdoesn tofferunlimitedrideson a theexplorerbusesb theharbourcruisesc regularsydneybusesd cityrailservices 事实细节题 根据第二段最后一句话 cityrailservices limitedarea 可知 这个旅行游览项目是不提供无限制乘坐的 d 2 withasydneypass atravellercan a savefaresfromandtotheairportb takethesydneyexplorertobeachesc enjoythefamousseafoodforfreed reserveseatseasilyinarestaurant 事实细节题 根据第四段 afreeairportexpressinwardtripbeforestartingyour3 5or7days andthereturntripisvalidfortwomonthsfromthefirstdayyourticketisused 可知答案为a a 3 if5 dayticketsweretoberecommendedtoamotherwhotravelledwithhercolleagueandherchildren aged3 6and10 whatwouldthelowestcostbe a 225 b 330 c 360 d 420 数据计算题 计算票价花费 成年人每人 120 两个成年人为 240 3岁的孩子免费 所以两个孩子费用是 120 总共花费是 360 c 四 it severywhere indoors advertisingisinmagazinesandnewspapers ontelevision andevenpoppinguponcomputerscreensoutdoors advertisingmeansbillboards theyareintrainstationsandonthesidesofbuildings theyarealonghighwaysinthecountryside billboardswereoncelargepaintedsignsthaturgedcustomerstobuyanythingfromfriedchickentodishsoap nowadaysbillboardsarehigh techdevicesthatadvertisetheproductsofthemodernworld fromcellularphoneservicetoperfume billboardshavechangedalongwithtechnology originallypainteddirectlyontowoodenboardsorthesidesofbuildings billboardswerefirstimprovedbyattachinglargeprintedvinylstripstoastructuretoformanadvertiser smessage later mechanicalbillboardsweredevelopedwhichcoulddisplaythreedifferentimages asoneimagechangedtothenext themovementcaughttheeyeofanyonepassingby morerecently electronictechnologyhasproducedback litbillboardswhichshinealightthroughanimageprintedonasheetofplastic anddigitalbillboardsthatcandisplayhugeimagessimilartothoseonatelevisionscreen thelatesttrendinbillboardsisinteractivity inbelgium abillboardthatlookedlikeapinballmachinehadpeopleonthestreetusingtextmessagingtoansweraquestionthebillboardsenttotheircellphones iftheyansweredcorrectly theyhadachancetowinanewcar injapan somebillboardsfeatureqr quickresponse codes anewerversionofbarcodes whichcanbereadbyspeciallyprogrammedcameracellphones whenapersontakesapictureofabillboardwithaqrcode theadvertiser s websiteappearsontheirphone abillboardinnewyork stimessquareletspeopleonthestreetplayavideogameusingtheircellphones andahugedigitalsigninlondon spiccadillycircusrespondswhensomeonewavesatitanddisplaysdifferentimagesdependingontheweather billboardsdonotalwaysgetapositivereaction however thelargenumberofbillboardsalongamericanhighwaysledtothehighwaybeautificationactof1965 thisgroupoflawsaimedto preservethescenicbeautyofthecountrysideaswell