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2010 International Conference on Power System Technology New Challenges to Power System Planning and Operation of Smart Grid Development in China Zhang Ruihua Du Yumei Liu Yuhong Abstract The future development trend of electric power grid is smart grid which includes such features as secure and reliable efficient and economical clean and green flexible and compatible open and interactive integrated and so on The concept and characteristics of smart grid are introduced in this paper On the basis of practical national situation the development plans of smart grid in china with Chinese characteristics are proposed Smart grid development in china is bases on information technology communication technology computer technology with the high integration with infrastructure of generating transmission and distribution power system Besides smart grid development in china brings forward many new challenge and requirements for power system planning and operation in 9 key technologies as below 1 Planning and construction of strong ultra high voltage UHV power grid 2 Large scale thermal power hydropower and nuclear power bases integration of power grid 3 Large scale renewable energy sources integration of power grid 4 Distributed generation and coordinated development of the grids of various voltage ratings 5 Study on smart grid planning and developing strategy 6 Improve the controllability of the power grid based on power electronics technology 7 Superconductivity energy storage and other new technologies widely used in power system 8 Power system security monitoring fast simulation intelligent decision making and comprehensive defense technology 9 The application of emergency and restoration control technology in power system In response to the challenge this paper presents the main research contents detailed implementation plan and anticipated goals of above 9 key technologies Some measures and suggestions for power system planning and operation of smart grid development in China are given in this paper Index Terms smart grid power system planning power system operation key technologies large scale power bases information and communication technology computer technology Zhang Ruihua is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Beijing 100190 China E mail ruihuazh DU Yumei is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Beij ing 100190 China Liu Yuhong is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy ofSciences CAS Beijing 100190 China 978 1 4244 5940 7 10 26 00 20 1 0 IEEE I INTRODUCTION W ITH the increasing pressure on environmental protection energy conserving and persistence develops improves gradually required for society At the same time power market oriented development consistently and provide higher electric energy reliability and quality are required for consumer It require that the future smart grid must can to provide secure reliable clean high quality power supply is able to adapt to various of electric power generation need being able to adapt to highly become market oriented electric power exchange especially acting on selfs own being able to adapt to customer especially chooses need further improve the ample power grid assets utilization efficiency and beneficial result provide higher quality service For this purpose many countries without exception look upon smart grid as future development direction of power grid 1 4 On the basis of present situation and practical condition the development plans of smart grid in china with Chinese characteristics are proposed The imbalance in the distribution of energy resources and the development of regional economic requires the high efficient development of energy resource in western region to satisfy the electricity demand of whole country Besides the limitation of environmental capacity confines conventional coal fired thermal power in East China which requires a new model of power supply which will carry out large scale power flows and balance between regions 5 The power system condition in different areas of China is very different The condition of China s energy and electricity load distribution to determine the long distance large scale power transmission will be the direction of the development of China s power system So this determined the smart grid of China with the common characters of smart grid it with the unique characters of large sending ends large receiving ends large power transmission grid 6 9 Smart grid development in china is bases on information technology communication technology computer technology with the high integration with infrastructure of generating transmission and distribution power system 10 13 Smart grid development in china addresses many new challenge and requirements for power system planning and operation in 9 key technical aspects To response the challenge the paper presents main research contents and key technologies in the area of power system planning and operation and proposed detailed implementation procedure and anticipated goals Finally some measures and suggestions for power system planning and operation about China smart grid development are given in the paper II DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SMART GRID A The Definition of Smart Grid Based on physical power grid smart grid is a new type power grid which highly integrates modern advanced information techniques communication techniques computer science and techniques with physical grids It has many advantages such as improving energy efficiency reducing the impact to environment enhancing the security and reliability of power supply and reducing the power loss of the electricity transmission network and so on The objectives of smart grid are fully satisfy customer requirements for electrical power optimize resources allocation ensure the security reliability and economic of power supply satisfy environment protection constraints guarantee power quality and adapt to power market development Smart grid can provide customer with reliable economical clean and interactive power supply and value added services B The Characteristics of Smart Grid Smart grid holds the promise that the power sector can go green by not simply reducing the use of dirty power generation methods but instead become a system that can take more aggressive measures to lower greenhouse gas emissions through efficient integration of renewable energy sources Smart grid that focus on improving demand side management for energy and promoting renewable energy could be a transformational force that redefines the way people view energy generation transmission and consumption in that such grids would encourage active engagement by the broader society not just power sector specialists Smart grid mainly has features as secure and reliable efficient and economical clean and green flexible and compatible open and interactive integrated and so on 14 15 1 Secure and Reliable The power grid is still to maintain the power supply capacity to the users rather than a large area power outage when big disturbances on the power grid faults natural disasters and extreme weather conditions or man made damage happen 2 Efficient and Economical The power grid can improve the economic benefits through technological innovation energy efficient management orderly market competition and related policies The power grid is in support of the electricity market and power transactions effectively to achieve the rational allocation of resources and reduce power losses and finally to improve the efficiency of energy 3 Clean and Green a large scale of renewable energy sources can be fed into the grid which will reduce the potential impact on the environment 2 4 Optimization The power grid can improve power supply reliability and security to meet electricity demand in digital age The optimal cost to provide qualified electricity to the community Smart grid can optimize utilization of assets reduce investment costs and operation and maintenance costs Quality of power meets industry standards and consumer needs Provide various level of power quality for the range of needs 5 Interactive interaction and real time response to the power market and consumers which improves service Mature wholesale market operations in place well integrated nationwide and integrated with reliability coordinators Retail markets flourishing where appropriate Minimize transmission congestion and constraints 6 Self healing The power grid has capabilities such as real time Study the planning method for the coordinated development of UHV IEHV power grid study the planning principles for regional power grid that are adapt to the development ofUHV power grid study the influence of HVDC power in feed and the development of regional EHV power grid study the principles and the time of looping off for UHV IEHV electromagnetic loop study the coordinated planning for UHV IEHV power grid that can improve grid stability and inhibit the short circuit current Implementation Plan The first stage will focus mainly on the analysis methods for the distributed power supply system performance and the coordinated development of the power transmission and distribution at all levels The second stage will fully research the interaction mechanism between the distributed power supply system and the power grid and the planning method for the coordinated development of UHV EHV power grid The third stage will propose the standards and test specifications for the distributed power grid connection running Targets Propose the planning methods for the coordinated development of the transmission and distribution network optimize the network resources and improve the safety and reliability of the power supply and promote the orderly development of distributed power supply and promote the coordinated development of the power grid at all levels E Study on Smart Grid Planning and Developing Strategy Research content After fully knowing the characteristics of smart grid development at home and abroad and the development needs and supporting capacity for intelligence development direction and problems of our smart grid will be analyzed investigated and researched further in order to identify development goals and recognize obstacles in the development process of smart grid At the same time we should pay more attention to the study of developing strategy for smart grid in combination with China s specific national conditions In the strategic planning the positions developing frameworks and measures will be clarified The development roadmap and goals of China s smart grid adaptable to the marketization especially in the scenario of power market should be studied Study on Power System Planning based on Reliability The procedure of power system planning based on reliability Implementation Plan The first stage will mainly focus on the developing strategy for china future power grid theory and method of strong smart grid planning Power System Planning based on reliability evaluation method and principle The second stage will fully research the procedure of power system planning based on reliability The third stage will develop theory and method structure of the smart grid planning that can meet the requirement of smart grid Targets Propose the concept and physical configuration of advanced power grid propose the planning methods for the coordinated development of the power grid and promote the coordinated development of the power grid at all levels V NEW CHALLENGES TO POWER SYSTEM OPERA nON OF SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA The smart grid development in china brings forward many new challenge and requirements for power system operation in 4 key technical aspects analyzed in this section detailed implementation plan and anticipated goals are proposed 4 key technical aspects are as follows A Improve the Controllability of the Power Grid Based on Power Electronics Technology Research content Study the planning configuration of intelligent control device that can improve the controllability and flexibility of the power grid such as TCSC CSR TCPS and UPFC Study the new technology that can improve the power grid operating flexibility and self healing nature of power structures study the electromagnetic transient characteristics and the equipment specifications of FACTS devices Implementation Plan The first stage will mainly focus on the technology that can improve the controllability of the power grid and the planning configuration of intelligent control device in the power grid The second stage will fully research the application of the intelligent control device in the power grid The third stage will master the FACTS electromagnetic transient characteristics and propose the equipment specifications Targets Improve the controllability and observability of the power grid with varieties of technical means B Superconductivity energy storage and other new technologies Widely Used in Power System Research content Study the theory about the matching and the coordinated operation between superconducting power equipments and power system analyze the transient process of the superconducting electrical equipments Study the power system dynamic stability with the superconducting power equipments Study the coordinated control strategy and the energy management technology for the renewable energy generation and the energy storage hybrid system with different control objectives and multi objective optimization Study the energy optimization control methods for the energy storage system that can suppress the short term and rapid fluctuations or the long term power fluctuations of the large scale intermittent renewable energy power generation system Study the high capacity and fast energy storage technologies Study the optimal points and the configuration technologies for storage equipments at systems level Study the relay function configuration implementation and tuning technology in the power transmission systems and energy storage systems with superconducting application Focus on the practical high temperature superconducting materials and the application including the advanced superconducting power equipments research and the system application technologies such as high temperature 6 superconducting power transmission technology energy storage and limiting Focus on the practical energy storage materials and the application including high performance electrode materials for super capacitor and its application technology in super capacitors practical application technology of hydrogen generation and energy storage Implementation Plan The first stage will focus on the practical high temperature superconductor and energy storage materials and the application technology The second stage will fully study the coordinated operation between superconducting energy storage system and the power system conduct experiments and demonstration project The third stage will achieve a large scale application of the superconductivity and energy storage system Targets The superconductivity and energy storage technologies are applied in large scale and play an important role in the strong smart grid C Power System Security Monitoring Fast Simulation Intelligent Decision Making and Comprehensive Defense Technology Research content Study the network structure and the network monitoring scheme to meet the demands of electricity trading under the normal states and abnormal states According to the requirements of the power transmission and the network security constraints by using the modem information technology and analytical techniques and monitoring methods establish the smart grid construction and managements that can monitor the generator and power grid status construct and adjust the power grid arrange and adjust the operation Study the network security and defense system based on the intelligent decision making study the allocation of PM U based on the whole network static and dynamic observability and the recognition accuracy of instability study the configuration of the master and sub station in the centralized or distributed safety control systems based on WAMS Implementation Plan The first stage will focus on the configuration principles for PM U and the network security and defense system planning The second stage will fully study the technologies including network security monitoring fast simulation intelligent decision making and integrated defense then conduct experiments and demonstration project The third stage will apply the network security monitoring system Targets Establish a network monitoring system with the comprehensive security defense function that can meet the requirements of the smart grid D The Application of Emergency and Recovery Control Technology in Power System Research content Study the coordinated control technology for the complex failures and the different power failure patterns Study the adaptive optimization of the recovery control technology Study the application of new technology such as the complexity theory in the emergency and the recovery control Study the on line assistant decision making technology for the large power grid recovery control under the multi level scheduling coordinated control and study the theory and analysis methods for self healing recovery system in the large scale interconnected smart grid Study the construction program and the pivotal technologies for the power dispatch reserve control center and the emergency command system Study the operation maintenance and opening mechanisms of the power dispatch reserve control center and the emergency command system Study the data synchronization for the primary reserve and the mutual reserve technology Study the scientific and reasonable region and pattern for the reserve dispatch control Implementation Plan The first stage will master the evolution of the power failures and blackouts under extreme weather c