江苏省东海县横沟中学八年级英语下册 Unit 1 Past and Present语法课件 （新版）牛津版.ppt

现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 特点是既涉及过去 又联系现在 动作是过去发生的 结果是现在存在的 shehasgone 她走了 从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出 走 的动作是过去发生的 而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了 一 现在完成时的构成1 现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语 have has 过去分词 wehavelivedinbeijing hehaslivedinbeijing ihavefinishedmyhomework movelivelovelike 写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 visitrepairwatchfinish visitedvisitedrepairedrepairedwatchedwatchedfinishedfinished movedmovedlivedlivedlovedlovedlikedliked verb ed 以e结尾 d 写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 stopmoptrapplan stoppedstoppedmoppedmoppedtrappedtrappedplannedplanned 注 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词 双写最后一个辅音字母 ed 双写 ed studyhurry studiedstudiedhurriedhurried 去y ied 注 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 去y ied 写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 begiveseemakeputcomewrite was werebeengavegivensawseenmademadeputputcamecomewrotewritten 注 不规则动词见书上121页不规则动词表 makingsentencesmr wuasksthestudentstocompletethesentencesbelowusingthepresentperfecttense helpthemcompletethesentences they finish theirhomework mrandmrsli notcome backyet john play thiscomputergamesafewtimes we notsee thatfilmyeti repair overtenbicyclessincelastmonday you notvisit meforalongtime havefinished havenotcome hasplayed havenotseen haverepaired havenotvisited 改错 1 thestudentshascleanedtheclassroom theclassroomiscleannow 2 mumhascooksupper supperisreadynow 3 iseethenewfilm itisinteresting 4 hisfamilylivedheresince2000 5 itryonthehat itdoesn tsuitme have cooked haveseen havelived havetried 2 现在完成时的否定句句型 主语 have has not 过去分词ihavenotseenthemovieyet hehasn tbeentobeijingsincethen 句中有ever直接将ever变为never 若无ever 在助动词have has之后加not 现在完成时动词构成have has v过去分词 助动词 否定 haven thasn t 疑问 haveyou hashe 3 现在完成时的一般疑问句句型have has 主语 过去分词 haveyoufinishedthework hasshearrivedhere 4 现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型特殊疑问词 have has 主语 过去分词 howmanytimeshaveyoubeentothegreatwall 现在完成时 1 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 2 过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 动词构成 have has v过去分词 havebreakfast ihavejusthadmybreakfast 现在我不饿 i mnothungrynow movedherein2000 istilllivehere ihavelivedhereforthreeyears ihavelivedheresince2000 threeyearsago 现在完成时用法二 过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在1 常用延续性动词 如be sleep live learn stay have keep work walk 2 时间状语须表达过去到现在的一段时间 fortwoyearssofarsince短语 duringthepast2yearssince从句inthepast2years 表示一段时间的主要结构 2000lastweekyesterday evening threeweeksagohejoinedthepartytwoyearsago 1 fortwoweeks years hours 2 since since 过去某一点时间或过去某一结束性动词 标志词 for 一段时间 since 过去的时间点 theseyears sofar inthepast last years we learn englishforthreeyears sincetwoyearsago since2000 mr green be inchinatheseyears they write 15songssofar thepopulation grow moreslowlyinthepasttenyears havelearned hasbeen havewritten hasgrown 1 thejiangs live hereforalmosttenyears 2 he work inthefactorysince1994 3 hisparent teach inthisschoolsincetheycametothecity 4 thechild sleep sincetwohoursago havelived hasworked hastaught hasslept 一 since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今 since之后的时间为一点 mr smithhasworkedheresince1984 1984年以来 史密斯先生一直在这工作 he slearnedabout5 000englishwordssincehewenttocollege 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词 二 for短语表示动作延续多长时间 for的宾语为时间段 wehaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears 我们认识有二十年了 ihaven tseenherforalongtime 我好久没有见到她了 since和for 1 eddiehaslivedwithmilliesince2001 eddiehaslivedwithmilliesince4yearsago eddiehaslivedwithmilliesincehewasborn 小结 since 时间点 词 词组或句子 2 eddiehaslivedwithmillieforfouryears 小结 for 时间段 3 对以上句子划线部分提问 howlonghaseddielivedwithmillie wehavelearnedenglish gradethreeinprimaryschool wehavelearnedenglish fiveyears 2 hehasn tfeltwell lastnight hasheseenthedoctor 3 ihavereadthisstorybook threedaysago ihaven tfinishedreadingityet 选用since或for填空 since for since since 4 ithassnowed twodays everythingiscoveredwithsnow 5 wehavecleanedtheclassroom halfanhour 6 wehavestudiedatthisschool 2003 for for since 三 just recently是完成时的时间状语 justnow有amomentago之意 是一般过去时的时间状语 thetrainhasjustarrived 火车刚到 didyouseejoanjustnow 你刚才看到琼了吗 haveyouheardfromyourfamilylately recently 你最近收到家人的来信了吗 四 ever和never也是现在完成时常见的时间状语 前者意思是 曾经 多见于疑问句或否定句中 后者意思是 从来没有 表示全部否定 haveyoueverseenthefilm no ihaveneverseenit 你曾经看过这部影片吗 没有 从来没看过 nobodyinourclasshaseverbeenthere 我们班没有人去过那 五 already和yet常见于现在完成时中 有 已经 之意 前者一般用在肯定句中 后者用在疑问句中 yet在否定句中有 还 之意 hasthebusleftyet yes ithasalreadyleft no ithasn tleftyet 汽车开走了吗 是的 已经开走了 不 还没有开走 六 already 用于现在完成时的肯定句中 yet 用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中 用 already yet 填空 hehas visitedmanyplacesinchina 注意 already 在句中的两种位置 thetrainhasn tarrived 火车 到现在 还没有到 hasshearrived 她已经到了吗 hasn thecome 她还没来吗 already yet yet yet conclusion 陈述句 have has后 句末 疑问句 主语后 肯 否定陈述句 疑问句 句末 陈述句 have has后 否定陈述句 have has后 肯 否定陈述句 疑问句 句末 否定陈述句 疑问句 句末 肯 否定陈述句 疑问句 句末 i do myhomeworkalready he notfinished hishomeworkyet youever be tohaiwaii we never see suchanexcitingmatchbefore mother just clean thehouse pleasedon tcomein they practice thisdialoguetwice havedone hasnotfinished have been have seen has cleaned havepracticed i nothear fromheryet they be hererecently yes theyhave i be busyrecently yourfatherever travel tonewyork no never he nottravel byplaneyet haven theard havebeen havebeen hastravelled hasn ttravelled 按要求进行句型转换 hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework 一般问句 并作肯定 否定回答 ihaveneverbeentobeijingbefore 一般问句 theyhavelearnedaroundfiveunits 提问 hashefinishedhishomeworkyet yes hehas no hehasn t notyet haveyoueverbeentobeijingbefore whathavetheydone 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时 强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响 与现在有关 一般过去时 仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作 与现在无关 他已学英语五年了 hehasstudiedenglishforfiveyears 他曾学过五年英语 hestudiedenglishforfiveyears 说明他还继续学下去 只说明他过去学过五年英语 但现在不学了 一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语 遇到yesterday lastyear inmay in 过去某一年 twodaysago theotherday justnow等就用一般过去时 当有just already yet sofar inthepast lastfewdays 在过去 最近的几年里 since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时 牢记现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间连用 包括疑问词when 现在完成时和一般过去时 he work inourschoolforoneyear he come toourschoollastyear in2002 they cook thesupperalready they cook thesupperhalfanhourago he just pass theexam he pass theexamjustnow hasworked came havecooked cooked haspassed passed 1 thefilm 开始 yes it 开始 tenminutesago 2 i 读 thisbook i 读 itlastsunday 3 you 完成 yourhomework yes when you 完成 it aminuteago 4 iwon tseethefilm i it 看了 i 看 itlastweek 5 i 找到 awatchalready where you it intheplayground hasbegun began haveread read havefinished didfinish haveseen saw havefound didfind classisover classbeganfiveminutesago classhasbeenonforfiveminutes 表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来 mikeborrowedthebookstwodaysago mikehaskeptthebooksfortwodays 所用的动词无延续性 不与一段时间连用 hehascometochinafortwoyears x cometo arrivein at bein getto hehasbeeninchinafortwoyears sincetwoyearsago 翻译下列句子 1 我的哥哥是2002年参的军 mybrotherjoinedthearmyin2002 hehasbeeninthearmyfor5years hehasbeenasoldiersince5yearsago 2 他参军已经5年了 有些动词不能和for since howlong等连用 shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears had buy have hashad howlonghaveyoucometotheunitedstates beenin cometo have hasbeenin annhasgonetochinasincethreemonthsago beenin ihavegottoparisforoneweek beenin gotto have hasbeenin mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears beenin beenasoldier join have hasbeenin have hasbeenasoldier ihaveleftshanghaifor3days beenawayfromshanghai leave have hasbeenaway ihaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago kept borrow have haskept thefilmhasbegunfor10minutes beenon begin have hasbeenon theconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour beenover finish have hasbeenover hisdoghasdiedfortwoyears beendead die have hasbeendead shehasmarriedforsixyears beenmarried marry have hasbeenmarried 这本书我已经借了三星期了 一般过去表达 iborrowedthebookthreeweeksago 用现在完成时态表达 用延续性动词 ihavekeptthebookforthreeweeks sincethreeweeksago 用itis since 从句 用终止性动词的过去式 itisthreeweekssinceiborrowedthebook 他到北京已经有三天了 hearrivedinbeijingthreedaysago hehasbeeninbeijingforthreedays sincethreedaysago itisthreedayssincehearrivedinbeijing limingboughtthee dictionaryforthreeweeks limingboughtthee dictionarythreeweeksago liminghashadthee dictionaryforthreeweeks liminghashadthee dictionarysincethreeweeksago itisthreeweekssincelimingboughtthee dictionary 短暂性动词转换为延续性动词 1 buy have 我买电脑两年了 2 borrow keep 他借这本书三个星期 3 begintosleep study 去掉beginto 他已睡了半个小时了 4 moveinto livein 他已搬进来三个月了 5 leavehome beawayfromhome 我已离家一年 6 fallill beill helen病了一周了 7 jointhegroup beinthegroupbeamemberof 我们加入电脑兴趣小组已有两年了 8 die bedead 我爷爷死了两个月了 9 getup beup 他已起床一刻钟了 10 begin beon 会议已开始十分钟 eto arrivein getto bein 他已到南京三天了 12 open close beopen beclosed 门开 关了十分钟了 1 turnontheradio keeptheradioonheturnedontheradioanhourago he theradio foranhour theradio foranhour 2 openthedoor keepthedooropeniopenedthedoortwentyminutesago i thedoor for20minutes thedoor for20minutes haskepton hasbeenon havekeptopen hasbeenopen have hasgoneto have hasbeenin have hasbeento 1 a where sjim lilei b he hisschoollibrary 2 thegreens chinaforthreeyears we thegreatwalltwice it sverybeautiful hasgoneto havebeenin havebeento b a a b bstay a 她以前曾去过上海 shehasbeentoshanghaibefore 他在上海10年了 shehasbeeninshanghaifortenyears 他去上海了 hehasgonetoshanghai 1 he wait foranhour 2 i notfinish theworkyet 3 you know himsincethen 4 i nothear frommybrotherforalongtime 5 we be theremanytimessince3yearsago fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs haswaited haven tfinished have known haven theard havebeen 6 howlong you stay athomealready 7 he notread thebookbefore 8 hersister go tochangchun she leave thismorning 9 he live inhishometownsincehelefthere 10 thewriter finish severalstory bookssince1990 have stayed hasn tread hasgone left haslived hasfinished 把下例句子译成英语 1南京自1995年以来发生了很大的变化 2南京已经成为一个现代化的城市 3你们在这个乡村住了多久了 4他结婚了吗 是的 他已经结婚6年了 nanjinghaschangedalotsince1995 nanjinghasturnedintoamoderncity howlonghaveyoulivedinthevillage hashegotmarried yes hehasbeenmarriedforsixyears 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1 i mop theflooralready 2 i notwash theclothesyet 3 tomisn there he go tothebank 4 thegirl notgive ittomeyet 5 tomandjill just buy someflowers 6 they ever study intheschool havemopped have haven twashed hass hasgone hasgiven have bought have studied studied 7 we never see suchaninterestingfilm 8 mymother never be toshanghaibefore 9 mike have lunchalready 10 jill meet meyesterdayafternoon 11 thefirstclass already begin hasbegun met hashad has been have seen 1ihavealreadyworkedoutthismathproblem 改为否定句 iworkedoutthemathproblem 2hehasalreadyfinishedthebook 改一般疑问句并做回答 hethebook yes he no he 4ihavegotabook 改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答 youabook yes i no i 5hehasgotabook 改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答 heabook yes he no he haven t yet has finished yet has hasn t have got have haven t hasgot has hasn t 6 milliehasevertraveledtobeijingtwice 改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答 再改否定句和就划线部分提问 millie tobeijing yes she no she mill